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l
oCkohpF qpG CkpDz qC p De@ @F @@@z ,ok @C ok
 OD yopJ wC C vF  FDeC  CkpDz.P@vC
(DFoC C) Dl oDZ DFDO ok  lz DC DA@F @C
C vN z   kDOC DG ,PvC OD lN yoD@@
O lN  oA V DFDO ok DD oCpC  yoDvDF  GN
.PvC
z DDC .PvC CpeF  uDwd h  vD@@v D@e@ @F
qC pOF pO CpF ,llz N p  lp oCp pDeok
Piv oDwF DC F Dz vpOvk .lz koA CpDv Fl@
laJ  uDwd oDwF qoDG  dp C ok .PvC p@Ap@@h
,kp z PD i DqDv ok z NCqoDG cp@,l@z
ok  lz Oio wC kD DC ok qC A DDJ DqDv
i DqDv .PvC lvo k@h m@@ UC @F @@p@@w@ok
k D DF rV  PvC laJ oDwF  NN DqDvPD
 laJ   F CN A DJ DCq ok o@  @vop@F
.kpF J uDwd dp C ok A lqoC
 wF F DJ  lz EDwd DvD@@N D@F @@dp@ @C ok D@C
z ypOw  PN  d WO@ ok  D@qD@v @C@@v@N
.kqCkpJ
ok  kDWC CpF D DD@ qC @hp@F P@D@@d  l@@D@N
pk qC DA kClF   kp  D  vDG@ P@@@dD@@D@J
.PvC MCqoDG qC qDv joDN dp C ok zC MDClC
.PvDh llz   oD PeN z kN D@@O@VC D@e@ @F
DPwJ qC Co DA .PvC ph p ok DA DV  okD D@AC@C
oD  DN ok lzDF   DWA D@N  UCp@hC @@ D@@O@@v
DPwJ  oDFok ok N PvDv DF DA qC kCl@N .l@@k@oCp@
DWC l MDClC lCOF op C ok DN kp muDw@d
.lk
pk a  PvC oe Z p ok C ok @@z p@G@o
.PvC oCkohpF kp oDC  D ok CkDC  m qCC
p P
D@D@V qC @Nl@@@ p@@ D@e@ @F ok @C ok @@@z
kD vF Hn cp C @Z .P@vC oCko@hp@F@O@w@D@z
oCl CV  C z ok TkDdC  lz Oio@w@C@@@
F pk C vN DA HnN  TkDdC DvDz oD ⁽¹⁾lClz
PFpN FDeC  CkpD@z  g@@z @ o@@D@@l@A P@vk
 kDOC D qC   lzDF QkCd DoD DN ⁽²⁾l@Cl@z
Pv C iF ,Oi Dp  DppFCpF ok z @
.l Dk ,lkF oCkohpF r Dh DGOJ PDd qC 
Dpe QkCd kpGOvk qC A oCl  d p  vC d
DWFDp   Dpzo .P@vC D@C @D@ @@@V qC
DN OpC   qC DV p MDCpeC pFCpF ok pw@
 Dw F i@vD@J  ... ⁽³⁾M@  @@@R  @@@
kF DkC ok kDOC ok qC Dz kp ok  p M
.PvC ok C qoDF Dt qC ,(eC) qv CN
kDWC ok C ok wC p@w@ @@ MD@Cl@C p@@k qC
C V qC ,kF PG p F ko CpF Dz ok pkD@A
F MoDF  PG lvo Cp ko ok DA CCp@ MD@Co,MD@Cl@C
lDN  ⁽⁵⁾ F Dz DVoC  ⁽⁴⁾P@W@d Mp@@dMk
uDN kp  phDF  ⁽⁶⁾Co C  H@O@ qC @hp@F
MDVCp F CpDv pz ok Od o F kFDA DF Dz Ow
jvDJ h DlD vN D D pqC D@@@@z D@w@ 
DN  Cpz  DC eN CpF Co DAHNpN l@F  l@kCk@
⁽⁷⁾.lOhDv kDA DC DF Owp D@G@NoC  P@G@@ p@@
kqCk DC ClF  PvC yo DC  lk Ch Da@
CpF XolN F Co Dz  PpJ ok p@ P@G@@ D@q ok
.kp kDA pG PG Cok
vDv P
DA llz pO  CpDv F l qC pw DOC @1
kF OvDv D pw pFCpF ok ok C ok DvDG P@vD@@v
kpF oDF wC kCV DC  wC Do DC pFCpF ok D
wC kD DC pFCpF ok z Pv @ Mo@ @F @@O@
oDFok F wC DC OhDv kr qC kF MoDG A  kpD@C
lCOF DN ,Pd zDd ok @w@C@@@ D@C kp@ kl@e@
A F  OzCk C C DoD DN pF  lzDF D@C H@Cp@@D@
DC ko ok PvDv  .lqClF D  ClV Dz Mpd
olJ lD Mpd A o C qC .lz CpVC  w@C@@@p@@w@
Dqo ,O p kF oGW  kF p PeN Cp@D@vok @@Cp@
⁽⁸⁾.l p h gD ok Co khGWJ  Gzk
wC pw vDv MCqoDG Dz @2
Nl  p MCqoDG a p@@w@ @vD@@v MCqoD@G@
DN Op N PvDv qC .koCk klO  Oi kDFC  Dz,D@A
 d DN ⁽⁹⁾Pd DoD ok D@@@z qC @hp@F kCkm@@
 lDN DN ⁽¹¹⁾DA P F lvo  ⁽¹⁰⁾DzoCl@
 PN  qC pO  ⁽¹²⁾ FC DpqC hpF P@D@@d
kD DC ok ok  DqDv .PvC i DqDv ypOw@
F o pOF EDOz DF pw ok ok lz ro J wC@@
A ypOw C  DqDv C oDFok.PzCn ypOw  v@N
F lF  ok A ioDN pv Dt  P@C  p@@ A ok
.kp Ch O  o
DOVC P @ U
Dz P @ 1
DOVC DDJ  Dz DOVC P vopF F Pw @C ok
.qCkpJ z pGo m
Dpz oDwF C p ok C ok Co z DOVC P@@
qC UCphC  oD  p ok CN ⁽¹³⁾ PvC  @@z r@p@qC
 xC    PG qC Ppe pO@ @@qC  D@@O@w@J
DC DF DGNoC lDvo Cld F P@@@d ok D@C D@F P@w@D@W@
.PwCk wC
DC DF Cld DGNoC
kh Dz DF Oi@ D@@No@ @F ok @C ok @Zp@ D@C
oCqA  Wz  p  qC DC llz pO DC .PpuD@@N
 lz TDF ,pk p qC lOp uDN DC DF@ @D@w@
DlA J HGv pC   lvpF Cld F kh CpJDF DC DGNoC
DC lvo kh C DF MDA C DC pFlN DF Zp .lzz ok
.kG kh Dh M  DlA J qC DhDd p F
oD
oD PeN Mlz F vDG Dh HD@V qC D@@@@z ok @C ok
 Dz ko ok O MDDV qC hpF F G l@k@F D@@O@hC
DC pG k ECph DN Op ((pDz)) DKv N qCD@@
pF pOF Z p oD CpF C .kp oDzC ... wC@@@@@w@d
.l lF  Cp F Co GD DN kCk oOvk p DdF D@@z
l F Co DA  236 Dv ok O DA .kp Zr p D@d
⁽¹⁴⁾.lCo kF DlGN e 
DF DGNoC a DN kCk oCl qDWd Dv F @@@a@@ 
qC oDwF .l PDd D p qC Co DA  lqDw oCpp@FD@@@
O ,DC Oz F DF .llz MCqDW Mlz F pDhlF kCpC
ok rAPh DoDOo DF Co D Dz C DCW@O@ ok
lz ClV  kp pk qC D  kF DV l .kp VCl
⁽¹⁵⁾llD pe r lq MDVDOdC Cld qC lkF
Pv qC UCphC
 CpDv Dd CpFC F DevC @O@ :l@w@@@ k@@w@
oDpF kh Pv qC kF z pDh F Co GV D@O@vC okCp@@v
k D F Co kh DO r kp qC pk oDwF⁽¹⁶⁾.kp
 UCphC P  lkp fpN DA qC F ⁽¹⁷⁾.lkCkP@vk qC
⁽¹⁸⁾.PvC DC DF DGNoC DAPpe
kDOC MDDC Op
lAok .kp okD kF Dwd CoCk  Co l @ ,@@O@
24000 pF DF Dq A ok uD FC lv Oz F DF l@@@
DC kh CoCkC qC ,oDrF p F ClG F Co l O.kF oDk
oCl qDWd Dv F kp oDzC DF ok  D ⁽¹⁹⁾.kp
D p qC Co DA  lqDw oCppF D DF DGNoC a@@D@N kCk
.lPDd
oCpkDOC DN ok Co D ,O :lw DC UpCFC
kp  Co DA d ok @@  @@ @@ p@ D@@vo  kCk
⁽²⁰⁾.kCk v p  Piv NCqDW Co DiO
DC m -C :z pGo m  DO@VC D@@D@J -2
kD
CpFPd HDV qC  C  p z DDC  m
Co Dhp  DWA DN PD p qo F qo ,lkoA J D@A
qC hpFOd  lkF DA Oz kp qC oDwF kF Op pF ok 
DA OwDzDN Co Ph  pO DA PDd @F k ok Cp@C Coq
opDWC ok .lOzCk DJ Co A pD ok Zp ,lOwCk@
DC kD DC DOVC DDJ qC D@@ @F P@zCk @@C@h
wC pw
 oDFok ok Mpd m F PzCk @C@h CoD@zC @i@F @C ok
.Mpd A Dz  l kp  EDO C  D Dok
oDFok ok - 1
oDF Piv kF koAok  orF oDwF k vCF @O@ 1-1
pO PpV Co xa  kF p F o kok Mlz qC o Fl@z
C qC ypwJ aDZ kp on - DW@z - @@O@ okD@ .k@G@kq
O F -⁽²¹⁾ h kr kCpC qC Co kDq D lFD kGFoD@@F
ok C qC  Ovp kD weCFC kr F Co wPvC E@h P@@
 lk oOvk C DwF Z Cpq , vpJoD@F @C U@ ko@
ykr Co w :P O .lClFoDF @C Cp@F C@W@D@@
CpF C oOvk Cp F Po O kDOvp xJ ,l@O@vp@@F
⁽²²⁾...lzWD O A pRC ok  PpF WD
ok wC kD DC qC  D@MkD@@v @J ok @@O@ 1-2
lChCp CpDv F Rp F e vF Co Mpd ,lz@@l@
e .lkDOC Co F CpDv p F kh kCD@h kCp@C Cp@@D@C
Pz Mpd CN qC  Pp l F Co DC oCnO@l@hk@h
.lvo kClF F A DN lk o ok Co Cpe CoD kF lzkq
DevC lvo ((pvD)) F DC  l@ @@ @F@@@
kp Oz   Z  lA DC oClk F kClF Dd CpFCF
⁽²³⁾.kpF pv F kClF ok Co Hz PvCh Mpd qC lk DCF Co
:P kClF Dd ,PzCn pC DpV ok Co kClF @D@d ,@@e@
  C  Clh vo kCq - wC kD DC - kpC))
C F pC xJ Ck PF C qC Co O@ Cp@e@C @N  P@vC@A
N h pGDJ PD qo  P lCh Co C F DC C
ll C qC  rV lv Clh F)) :kCk jvDJ e ((...kFlCh
 kp pN CpN kClF xKv ((...OD C qC l@w@K@ @ r@@Z
kh e ,llvo l F .lOp J ok Co Cp@D@vCo
oDF P@d Cp@v qC @)) @p@N @@)) @F D@FD@O@zCo
qC Co C r  .PhDv DA Mpd lvo qC Co C  lDvoPo
 PzCk ond pF kkp DC F lr lvo HV  Div
DN kz  DC qC  pv pC lv Clh F !e C)):P
 DevC Div kF  qC e  ((...kF Ch A@w@ @N
⁽²⁴⁾.lz peO C Ov  DC qC PDe oDFok
kr F Mpd A l@A D@@@ @ k@F D@W@A D@N D@C m@@ 1-3
D DC CpOdC F oDOhCF p DDG  DoDFok DN@@O@
okF ,OzCn oDOC F  V DF pO lF lkp@
⁽²⁵⁾.lkq oD Co DkpJ  lkCo Dok
DorF D ok - 2
DC kF lz oCrpF Dh qC  lqp CpF  C xW@ ok
 CpOdC F CpDd  lz koC Mpd @O@ l@z M@kr@@
⁽²⁶⁾llzPDv
.... D D ok -3
kpqC V DF olJ Cp :l  pOzC wd Fle 3-1
vDGO Dok pF Cpk  Dp qC V  GD ,vDG
lz koC - wC kD DC - weC FC D@@D@ @ @k@F
qC Hp qC DSOvC lF CpDd DN .k Co h p@ @@A
CpOC F H  lA h F PzCk Cp  WN @C qC @@VA
C CpF CpZ!?Pw CpF CpOdC  MDpN  C :P k
.pNDworF   PvC pNDF D qC  C ?oCnF CpOdC C C@V
qC  PvCh Ci DKF C CpF pk lz UoDh D@w@ Cl@h @F
...lA Cikp HvC
 Pm DF lv Clh F :kCk jvDJ Z C @F p@@@V @zD@@FC
UoDh p qC DC lF NDe ...PzCn Ch CpOdC N FZ@
,lOvDh DKF DC CpOdC F kp   PvDhpF p@@G@@N @D@F.l@z
N  lkG Dz p :P OhDv HDi Co kp@zD@@FC
?loCn CpOdC MpdF lOzCk
qC oDOhCF   pO Co kh OwCO w Clh F :l@@O@@
⁽²⁷⁾.OzCn CpOdC DC F lA kpHvC
lkF Cl  DC PzClorF  CpOdC ok Dor@F  MCkD@v -3-2
lq D C V qC .lkF OpnJ Co DC   pGo @
Mpd olJ p  kF - oDC lq F p - pV F v@@F
lq qo .kF Dw  p kp P A ok  Po oD@z@F
ok DG  Up Fp qC  lA D@h ok p@F D@C oCl@k l@@@F
koC lq .kCk qDVC DC kpF ko qDVC DC qC CpF DN PvChk@F
k CpOdC  DN EkC DF kF xW ol ok  DC @FD@@ ok l@z
.kp CpOC Mpd PDC F DwlF  PwCq
kG pDd xW ok DC lz EDpz DC od F lq  pk qo
  lz koC DC lF lC P@w@@ x@@W@ ol@ ok l@q
CV oDwF Co DC OvDh pF kh DV qC Ppv F lk Co Mpdl@q
F CpOC C F l@q P@p@d @@@ k@F @w@ kp@ l@q
DC PDC F D DN  kF DC P  Mp@@dP@D@C
⁽²⁸⁾lkpZ
l D ok -4
((Rp F @@e@)) P@o@D@ qC @@l@ kp@ @ @O@
ClJ C CpDv F wC kD DC kpF CpF OkDOvp
lkCkpv z  D DaA wC DC F  MlzqC lkp@
 oF kF l  ll Co A lD  :le@ @
OmC  oCqA b  oi lv DN  kCk wN Co DAlz oGW
⁽²⁹⁾.lOp CoA lvoCi DC F
EDO C D ok -5
 Co EDO C  kG Dz  DDw F pe@ ,D@C m@@
ok  lOzCn CpOdC oDwF Mp@@d @F D@@A .l@z@@D@z
Mpd A F Od  llz vO DC F DoCzk DoD@O@p@
.lkp lNr DCl
F v)) :l  Z  o@@@ @FC @F C @G@
Dh F D C F qo  kF olJ DOvk qC ewE
.lvpJ Co lA rC C qC olJ .lA kClFok D
O  PvC kp oDdC Cp vDG O@ :kCk EC@V @v@
DF Co DA  Ckp F oDk l F Co kh r  .@Ck@@Co
l wC DpC  F le F @ Cp@F D@N CkoAk@h
⁽³⁰⁾((pGF
CpDv Dz kr ok -6
kD@ D@C D@F kp@ oCl@k @D@ oC@@ Cp@D@v ok @@O@
kDq PDV  kF O p ok Mpd qo  lzwC
DA qC :l Co .lkF kp DOVC ok P@J okD@@@@z qC
D PqDF pO :lO ?lCk DOVCZ CpF lvpJ
Co C DA :lvpJ pF DA   v C pF GF Co C DN @O@w@
⁽³¹⁾.vDz Co C F :lO ?lvDz
DC m -E :z pGo m  D@@O@VC D@@D@J -2
pw
MpdDOVC DDJ F PzCk Ch h op r qCp C ok
 D EDO C DN Op Coq  Dh  oDFok qC wC pw
... Dz
Dh kr ok -1
F kh  XCd ok lO a@@ ok A D@@@h qC @hp@F
D@k P@vC@h ok Mp@@d qC  l@l@z@ @v@O@ Mp@@dA
 F Co DA uDwd  CpeF @Cp@z okD@  ⁽³²⁾l@kp@@
oOvk kF Clq ok Mpd  oDG lODa ,llG@
 z  kDOwC pe CpeC FD okDN l kCqA Co Mpd kCk
lO .lCkrF CpA lz kDWC kp Dok DA v@F @ @r@r@N
⁽³³⁾.EDok Co MlVk :P Mpd F EDh
 D pw DC okCpF pV F EDh ypk  ok @@
MokCpF D :P PzCk Co yokCpF D DC P@vC@hok qC
D CCp yN p  kF lClh HDV qC  k@G@ D@ P@vk@F
Cl NkDG   pDh F  ,MokCpF Pr@ koA @@D@Jok
⁽³⁴⁾...lz krC ympF
Coq kr ok -2
DC ol @vD@G@ D@@@h Coq qC D@D@h @F l@@G@ 2-1
:l  PvCwC
DzD qC w kz ClV vDG F Dh D qC Ph pC))
C DN .kF lCi A oCCrv - pw w@d D@C - C qC p@@@F
,MkDG ,lq ,oCk Oh ,PCl ,P ,@@ D@F @ P@vCkp@
a r yolJ lzDF Ph OwDz ,x c  DG@q@hC
⁽³⁵⁾.kF Chph  lCk ,liF  orF kpC
Dpe qC  GD kp  DDh F Cl@G@ @F l@@dC -2-2
pwDC m  DOVC DDJ ,kF wC PF C DDi
DF ok CpDv ok)) :lk fN C Co w@C@@@
 oDOook ((DpC  F le F  F wd)) lD Co kp
h  D kr ok CpOdC ko  iF  oCor@F  P@@
 D  Coq DN  DA D@@@N @ l@l@ @zD@@@F @@
l DorF  pF Co Mpd ,Dkp pk  p@D@l@D@p@
⁽³⁶⁾ ((.lOzCk