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vopF Mop -1
OD Pvk  p p vDv joDN pOF Zp@ P@hD@@z Cp@F
 F kpF J  ,ok C ko ok DV  fe@ @@@@e@N@F
  PD ok  (X) kqCk D@C P@G@@ D@@@@q
p C p  DOVC - vDv P  vopF ,DCDp
.PvC op wC DC PG DOvAok
DvDG p -2
1258,  794 DN . 656 ,  132 qC p XJ qC F DvDG Ph
ok4 F Co DvDG Ph joDN ,Dho ⁽¹⁾.lDWC  @F .
⁽²⁾:lCkp wN
. 749 ,  132) DvoD m ok D ⁽³⁾ C DvDG@ p@@ - 1
(. 847 ,  232-
- . 846 , 232) DpN m ok D ⁽⁴⁾k DvDG@ p@@ - 2
(. 945 , 334
945 ,  334) DvoD qC F A ok D v D@vD@G@ p@@ @3
(. 1055 ,  447B.
 447) Wv DpN m ok ok D oDZ DvDG@ p@@ @4
(. 1258 ,  656 @. 1055,
k DvDG p p  DOVC vDv P -3
F kClF qC Ph rp DOC @1 :vDv P@@ @ @C
CpDv
,k DvDG p vopF PvC D p ko  @C ok @ @a@A
DDdC  @ DpN m p @ (  232) O Ph ClOFC qC@
Ph p ok Ph DOvk F DpN ko Cl@O@FC qC AqC @G@
pz DN CpDv F kClF qC Ph rp pN  ( @ 218)@@O@@
.PvC (  260) pPG
h o F Co Dh  D@@t@ C@O@@ ok @C Cp@F
:pq Pw v ok Co Dt C.kpzpF
vDv P @ C
DOVC P @ E
p P @ U
kClF qC Ph rp DOC vopF qC ClOFC vDv P i@F ok
.D pz CpDvF
CpDv F kClF qC Ph rp DOC @1
O vN   220 Dv ok ,Co @p@v D@ ⁽⁵⁾Cp@D@v p@@z
. 387 ,  221 Dv ok  ⁽⁶⁾EDiOC llV PiODJ C FvDG
A  O pz C F Dv D ok C ⁽⁷⁾.lz OhDv  oOvkF
.kCk oCp kh Phrp Co
 Dv 59 Ml F vDG Ph Prp l@F @F j@oD@N @C qC
 ok ((CpDv)) .lz O CpDv F kClF qC  @ 297 D@vD@N
F  o F kp kDq lzo ,kF Ph rp  D@D@v@C
P qC F F pz C ok D@@F @ ((Cp@D@v j@oD@N))@@
F DWA qC vDG Ph DOC qC xJ DC ⁽⁸⁾.PvC lvojvp@
F o Ppv F (  289) O P@@h D@D@J qC x@J ,kCl@@F
 kD DC k pG   lz Gz CFCph @F  P@zCn@@FCp@h
lD DF kDFA (X) l DC PG D  wC@p@@w@
.PvC
Co CpDvDFCph pW O p CC DO ((d MD))
:l N  C lD qC xJ
pNok  CpDv ((gp)) e  l Mpd ECkpv p@@ @F @
 C F Pw F CFCph pz A D D@N ,P@vC AqC
DW b ok A qC xJ  A l Pd A lk qCl@@@F
⁽⁹⁾.PzCl kV A qC pOorF  pNDGq  pOFq o
vDG Dh qC p P@ ( @ 279 @ 220) Ml@ @C ok Cp@D@v
:PvC OzCn pv PJCo
(  227 @ 218) O @1
(  232 @ 227) RC @2
(  247 @ 232) O @3
(  248 @ 247) pO @4
(  252 @ 248) Ow @5
(  255 @ 252) rO @6
(  256 @ 255) lO @7
(  279 @ 256) lO @8
.PwPh F ((lO)) ,((lO)) qC xJ   279 Dv ok
Frp pk  lz O kClF F oDFk Ph rp@ C p@@ ok
.PpF CpDv
DpN wN  m @2 :vDv P @ C
 ok DpN wN  m ok @C D@@t@ @p@N@@ qC
DWA DN .PvC p oC h F  l DoD  Pdz
.lCk DpN m p Co k DvDG p
oCk P oC ok  kF oev  WV ok DpN qD@O@C
Dh zD  ODF ⁽¹⁰⁾.lOzCl @ C@O@zo p@v P@vD@@v
ok Co oC DN DA .lz DpN pOF Z p m  MolT@D@F
⁽¹¹⁾.lkF Op khG
:l ((DGDG FC))
 llz w P pF D ((O)) O@@ qC x@J D@p@N
DA Pvk ok h  o F ,lz krC D@Nol@ p@FCl@
kp H D  r Co C lkp kCoC Dp  kF pvCa
⁽¹²⁾.lOD 
Dq m @3 :vDv P @ C
J DH  r ,vDv D  rrN   D@@D@@ qC
 qC OGC .PvC D A w  CkpOk ko@@F  @Jok
qC  o F  DH  r C qC hpF ok Dh CokD Cpw
Da .kF D lDG DA pF Dh Cpv  DkhDq m@@
o  ((Ow)) r ok (((rO)) okD ) Opw 
pOk ⁽¹³⁾.Pw lzJ w pF ((rO)) ylqp@koA oD@
Dq kDq m qC klO D kh EDO ok ((wdCpFC))
⁽¹⁴⁾.lk CoC DH  r  DoD ok Co DA PDhk Dh pF
CpC  Coq pOv @4 :vDv P @ C
 lkF pOv  PDF kCpC DvD@G@ Cp@C  Coq p@O@@@F
 DA d kpF F qC  kp Wz  Oz  Ep ,p@@@e@Nok
ok .lOzCl ok oD b qC  OzCk DN ODG ,DCCDKZ
yp@q ( @ 248 /247 D@@O@) @vD@G@ p@@O@@D@q
ChkCk F kp .lz UoDh Dh qC oCv ((HiCFl@@dC))
EDo qC Co DJ kF Ow HvC pF @ D@@a@@ C l@A ykr@
D@V k ok kp@ A @ P@@ C @@@v p@FD@@Z A  koAok
⁽¹⁵⁾.kpKv
ClGF le)) ypq ,(  232/227) ((RC)) D@q ok
Co kp kF OzCn oD Dj A ok  OhDv oN ,((MDr@C
O  WzoN D ok C kh C HDV .kCk Wz A ok
⁽¹⁶⁾.lz
hCk DEzA  DO @5 :vDv P @ C
F  PvJ  F klO DE@zA  D@@@O@ ok @C ok
:kp Ch op DA qCkClN
kClF DEzA @ 5 @1
lDz Dd C DF DC kG Ph rp oDqo A ok kClF @Z p@C
.kF klO DEzA DO
  294 Dv ok :C
F pv kCl@F ok ⁽¹⁷⁾((@p@D@z))  D@@D@K@v ,D@v @C ok
ok CO  lOvJ DA F  kp qC p ,lOzCn@yo@z
 lkpF W DClq F DWV  kDp DF Dzoz .lkpDJ pF kClF
 lz l kClF p J k qC  .l@O@hD@v kCqACo D@@Cl@q
 FD yoz C DP qC  .ll NAF r@ Co p@@k
w o oC pF  O Co O DA Cpq ,kF DpN CpOC
⁽¹⁸⁾.lkF lz
  252 Dv ok :k
DNoC .Pp Mo kCl@F ok @NoC @v@N r@@ yo@z @C
ok pN F Co kClF J DA .lkp yoz kh d GD@@Cp@F
NA F r Co kClN  lkp MoD Co A CpC DqD@@.l@koA
⁽¹⁹⁾.lz MoD r (xJ) pz oCkC a.ll
CpDv DEzA @ 5 @2
C yoz .Pp ok yoz oDF k DD@v @C  ok Cp@D@v ok
.lz DWC   251 Dv ok k yoz    249 Dvok
,lkF Dw Z kG  @ kp@ qC @p@ C yo@z ok
Cl .lO@hD@v kCqA Co D@@Cl@q  l@kp@F @W@ D@Cl@q@F
F kp  ,lkpF d D@A @F D@@  ⁽²⁰⁾((@C@))qC
yoz ok ⁽²¹⁾.lOhDv lCpJ Co DA  ODOz Dzo@z@@
Co DDV pk  Cpoq oCqDF  lkp@ yo@z Cp@D@vok kp@ ,k
⁽²²⁾.PzCl Co Dzoz DF FD DCN r pz Dd.lkp MoD
UoCh O @ 5 @3
pz   252 Dv qC ok C ok UoCh p@Z D@P@@D@@
kDz oDw F leClG@ @FoD@w@)) oCp@zC @C p@G@o.l@z
DN 252 Dv qC Dv kqD qC F p C O .kF ((W@F
⁽²³⁾.l   263
Xq HdD yoz @6 :vDv P @ C
 pODph qC  X@q H@dD@ D@@  yo@z l@kp@N l@F
 D  CpDv Ph k ok  ,ok C QkCdpNpR
 DWA DN ⁽²⁴⁾.PvC ,lO  lO Dq ok A lzD@J@ qC 
DpN qC F vDG P@@h D@@ Cp@F Co Ap@@h D@@@@h
⁽²⁵⁾.lCk
 Po J F kClF DqCok DN  lz pz p@@F qC yo@z @C
,yoz C Ml DN ok ⁽²⁶⁾.lz w Cp qC orF PwpF
⁽²⁷⁾.kF Cq  llN p ok vDG Ph uDvCoC
qC kp p CoCr uD  p  O p oCr Dk O @C ok
⁽²⁸⁾.lz l NA F pz Dk  PoF
CD .kp D pF ok ( 255) Dv ok yoz C pGo ,Xq HdD
C C vC pk F kF xClG@@F qC l@@e@ @F @@
Cp@ qC @@qo @p@ @C  @Cp@C Co C  ((k@@G@@F))Co
 DkN oA kp  oDC HV CpF C ⁽²⁹⁾.l@Ck@((o))
qC Co kh  kp Co D F EDwOC DkCok @F ,D@@ l@@D@N
kC  weC F  F lq vCCkD@V l@@@z D@kC@
QkCd qDA pv  Cp ClDhC F @O@zCk P@G@w@ .P@hD@v
ro  D qpJ CpF NkF vC D ok qDv Pzp@v
.Po oDz F  Ov l pF EC  yoz qC
kp ko Co C kF  DkC wC p@@w@ @w@d D@C
qC Xq HdD ⁽³⁰⁾((PGC C D x XrC HdD)) :kp@
.Pw PF CD
ok Cl (D oDZ  Dv koDZ) Dv kr@D@J kl@d @i@z @C
C .lz O ( 270) Dv ok phDF DN kp kDWC kDw kp@F
rZ pO F D F FDwOC DkC pF  kh yo@zok
C PzCk N ,C F DA OvJ  DkpF N  peN CpF
DA kCqA Cl  kp p  DkpF pGo Co kh kF
 kh DFDFoC DWz  Ov   pq  DA  kCkp@v Co
F .lkF lk Co oCh  OiFlF CC ,Pk DoD@ p@q l@z
lD DkpF pGo  ((Xq HdD))   kF PV@
,DkpF pOF HV CpF Dkp@F kCqA oD@@z p@F @C .l@z
d pv ok r Co !lG  r  CC OzCk d  Pd@@N
 lkDOC C pF ho qC F ⁽³¹⁾.kF kCk oCp khCl@C
kh kDOC C pF  koCk UoCh qC oCqC p MCpN ok oC lD
⁽³²⁾.lk CoC FhlCz
kh F Co DA  kp pz p@F D@kp@F qC qD@A ok Co @N@k C
qC .liF h  MDW Wz  kpF l qC Co DA DN kpMk
 lCh Gh DA CpF xJ .llz V C kp kD@q l@o @C
 kp kD w DA CpF  kqDv lNpR  kCqA Co D@A@ kCk l@
⁽³³⁾.lr d F Pvkrp DA F PGw
 C F p lDJ DN DWJ DO@vk ok p@ p@ D@kp@F
DDi pk  DDOvo  CqoD ,DkpF pF C lOv@J
⁽³⁴⁾.kp Mk kh v Fr Co DvDG
XJ kpF p pFCpF ok llz pDd ClOFC ok DkpF DFDFoC  DG@dD@
qC xJ C .lCkp qDF DA F Co DA DkpF D@N l@@l@F C @FoD@@k
kCk oOvk lkF pDd DWA ok  DkpF F ,DA PvChoklz
.lrF DqDN lDJ DA lD D  DFDFoC qC Clp F DN
ClJ C lCq oz  p ClC C DF DkpF .kF O@ qD@A @C
pFCpF ok pF kp .lk Co pF DzC l  o@ l@kp@
DF phDF  llV DA DF  kp PD qo v D@ND@A yo@
  l rV F lkF kCk DA F  DC p,p  @@@d
D pOF  pz DV lWw DA ,lO Co lkF kp@ oCp@
lF  G Co NpR ClOFC PzCk NpR  p .llNA F Co pz
F PGw  llDvo O F Co C lD PzCl p  lO Co C
DWC Co   D ,HiC FC  FA ,qCC,CkD@FA D@p@@z
.lkCk
 vC ,D Pzk ,qCC ,CkDFA @F E@zA  @@O@ @C @@Ck
.lz l Dpz C Co F D  Dpz rpCo
((DFF v)) V qC kh NoC Cpv qC p lZ P P@d
JqC oD  koh Pwz DA   kDOvp DA @@V @F Co
ldC FC)) lvo qpJ F C DF V ok  w DN .lkpG
(()) ((lO)) lqp  F  kF ((O F e@
lDJ (())F  ClV kh EDFoC qC   F l@dC @
pRC P C .lkPwz Co Xq HdD DKv PwCN ,kF lkp
CpF  DWA DN PzCn(()) Mol  P@@@ ok @CCp@
DN (()) .lD DFD rV Ph D qC ((lO)) yokCpF
,p qC xJ  kFDF Mol  pF ( 278) p D@@@
H  lkpPF l uD@G@@C@FC yl@qp@ D@F @NoC Cp@v
C rlO  lD OD .lkCk C F ((D@F l@@O@@@C))
PvlFPzCk Xq HdD DF  DV h qC Co Mol  p@@@v
CkClF F Ph DOC qC xJ  PvC w D C .k@F koA
⁽³⁵⁾.lz kClF h
D DD @7 :vDv P @ C
 oDz D@F  D@@@ @v@N kl@@O@ D@@D@@ ok @C ok
 CpC ok ( C MC) ((le@ A D@o))oCl@p@
F kF CpOC kDp Pd ok  PvJ F vCo DC
.Dh DA F  D kp kN F DhOv  
 wC  om qC p@@N  oD@Vr@C oD@@C D@@vo @@O@
 llz eO Co GD C Dq ok HD FC A .kp@
ok Co D C .lkF ll J pOv Dh qC  bl@ ok
DA d ok   DwdC p Dvo  kCk oCp kDOCpDe
qC r kp ⁽³⁶⁾,kCk p Oiv F Co DiO kp@ @@ Co
lkp oCkkh DA F oD    pqC C Dp@ up@N
Dq qC p oDOhC ok  lvo ldF DA Ovl@@@N  p@@
qD  kp N F Co A HNpN F DA kF CpJ  D@@N ,@@
j DOvk PJ Dp kh  lkCkpk F xKv  llCh@
⁽³⁷⁾.lOw wo
kp kh DzD Uph oDk D O D@q D@@ ok
.kCk DCh qCA  Dk  DDo F FDwdF CC
lC uDvC pF D DF kCk oOvk p ok kh D@d @F @@O@
:l kohpFpq
qDVC r ,k kCk   b D qC  b@@ @F @ @C
.k kCk pk Dpz F ((Dw)) qC Ppd  oCvHvC
.k kCk kpF  qC F OzCk qCV D qC  b F @ E
Pp Mo  p    F D C@k @a@D@@Z @ U
lF A qC xJ  lk Cp y  p iv F Pw@i@@D@
⁽³⁸⁾.kpnKF Co A DF O
lz kr  wC wd DC pG MoDq qC Co D ,O@
lD C ok Oo qC ,Co DA Dz a C .PzCk qDF @@F
 kFD Co wC wd DC oCr kCk oOvk  k p
 lkq iz AD DF Co DWA C oOvk F loCn DF Co AqC p@RC
⁽³⁹⁾.lkP
pG kp F EA  PwF EA F Co wC w@d D@C p@G@ C
⁽⁴⁰⁾.lz lD ((pDd)) xJ A qC Cn Pp Cp Co DWA  kqd
wC  oClOvk  oClp PGw C F  Co @w@ p@
⁽⁴¹⁾.kp okD Co D  kp kFD ,lkCk C ClDh
ld A DN wC C pC DC F PGw C MkDwd  @@@
pq kh z o DO C xW ok D@l@ qC @@ @k@F
ok  kp pF kF Oio D  Co kh pv  PwFvDG
Z Cl  DCh qCA  PhCkpJ@ @o @F @@O@p@FCp@F
((kz DDw h DN lA l z uD C)):llCh
ECpz r O .kF wC  @V @C qCD@zk@@@ 
⁽⁴²⁾.kCk pv DOwlh  koh
D pF  r vDG Dh pk @on@@F @ @@O@ qC
.lOp CoA lOip Co z C h DN ,Dz  D FCCp
CpF DP C qC hpF ok @C @@ qC p@@O@i@ @C ok D@
F DA   oD D D  vDG Ph DDJ ok rrNkDW@C
D  DD C MCpR  DkoDOvk r  kp DkN pk D@
PvC DD@@  D@P@@@ @C @F @Fp@ @ @D@w@p@@k
qDA qC ,A CpGo D  DD qC OvpF DN  ⁽⁴³⁾on@
F p  qC F  ((lO)) PhphA DN ((O)) Ph
. DOC l 
 F weC F  Fp F  F) vD F le D@ @1
 o kp kr ok  pV FC C  .(wC HD@ @FC@F
 .lzJ lv J qC CDV  Cpq kF  FH@@
 oDO ok .kF llwJ hC  lq ,k ,@ ,@@@C
⁽⁴⁴⁾koDV lq p oClp  Pp Co ldN  lHDV
.kF
ClG  C F  D qC xJ  kp D DD ok O DC ok
 Pp Co C pD F ClG 219 Dv ok lA J ⁽⁴⁵⁾pD@F
MC) ((le A Do)) F Co kp C .kDOvp O@kr@ @F
v DF C llO C CpJ qC Cl ⁽⁴⁶⁾.kp Mk (C
oDwF  llz C PDC F lO lq qC pk Cl  lzO@
 kp lCh Uph qo  lq F kp C llO@ D@@D@@qC
C l C  lz oV qC pJ Da l l@ qC p@J CoD@@V
⁽⁴⁷⁾.PvCPC
wd F ClG F v F ClG F) fD F le@ D@@ @2
 ClG FC C  (wC HD FC F @@ @F @w@d@F
 .PvC HD FC A Cpz DDWz  DWV  Ckp@C@VqC
HD FC F   l kr D) v D @F @@e@ok
DF Co UDvFC O .kp Uph O pF (l@@O@zCk P@@@vD@W@A
Co v  kCk Pwz Co C UDv FC .kDOvp C V F orFD@K@v
le  kp pvC r Co kClN  P Co DWA C qC oDwF ECph
Clq O oOvk F DWA ok  .kDOvp CpD@v @F Cof@D@ @F
⁽⁴⁸⁾.lz