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DN  DDF A ,MD D - D@@ C @v - p@D@ @@l@
A qC lF  ,liF - wC  - Cp@C @F Co D@@Al@Aok
- wd DC F A qC xJ  wd DC yCCp lqp@F Mp@@d
C  -Clh vo Clqp pOorF F C qC lF - wC D
C pF Co C F pFq  kvC F kCl  k oCnC- @A  @@@
.⁽²²⁹⁾PplDz P
 C  - pGDJ Dq qC  p CpF - D C v - @D@
FC pOhk @D@C Cp@F  @@C kqCk @zD@@@F D@q  -@A
ok  aA S C CpF  .⁽²³⁰⁾kp P Co oClD@@C
F xKv .⁽²³¹⁾kp oCnC C F  kp P@@,P@zCk r@@
.lDp D NFDN C CpF kp yoDv - C v - CpC
-  CpF Co A  lkF l pN F CoA DOzp  @N@FD@N
Co A - D C v - D  lkF kp -  C MC@
.kF lk
N ok lCkp Ov C F @ kCp@C :l@@p@ P@@ r@@ 
-  ND qC lF C  loCr qD C pF  l pDdyCqD@V
ok C DN lD UCkqC Hq ypCh pOhk DC DF - @C @v
.⁽²³²⁾lzDF r ClqpPlh
PvC C Pw DC ko  lA HO@ qC @hp@F ok @a@A 
 PwF -  C v - Cp@@C :@ k@p@ P@@@
wd DF Co PDv oDZ  PwF  yllV pw DF Co PD@voD@@Z
- D D k Dq lv  OvCpF .lConF - wC D@@@@-
C MC - CpC x C F kF DA - D@@ C@v
D - wd DC  wd DC qwk  DFp F OiA- 
F DA ok Co G d oCpvC lClh  D@w@ A ,l@z -@w@C
q pF  PvC OiCpF PC PCl CpF Co DC  @O@zCn@@@k
ok lz Gv pz  PvC - A   C  - leA p
MC -  qC Pw pNDVpFDJ DC pF C kol  .lzDF CMk
D  qDWd ok  kCpC oD  kol pDh F  - @@C
vp Dd ok Co Hz ,koCl DA kp pv CpF lN lOw@
F PGw Z lzDF Z Cpk F PGw  w .koAfG F
DDJD  qC  lClz O CN  ul o qC  k@hCl@qp@
.lD D,lr
CMC - CpC F -D C v -Cpq DD V qC 
pF Dh  koCn pG ok Co oDG lF O : PvC @C @@@
l MN kDq Ap  ,lF No FD C pv DF ,Pi@oA
A @Z ,l@D@@ D@k - D@@@@ C @v - Mp@@d A Cp@F
Dlq DF Op xC pF UDOe P  P@vC C@@e@,@@e@
C rV  kF C orF DF A pk yoD@v .⁽²³³⁾l@zD@F@
nd  oD ,omDFC ,kCl ,Dv ,uDG FClG , C ,@@v
.⁽²³⁴⁾lClCo C MD w
oDF Dqo ok (u) D
yCoD@@F D@qo qC @@ ok - D@@@@ C @v - @@D@
 lk ECh F Co - A   C  - vo Mpd yoCorFolJ
Pdo qC lF -D C v - Mpd A pF  DOG@ D@@NqC
A   C  - Clh vo .kp@ P@D@@z k@F l@z koCol@J
pk GNp  ⁽²³⁵⁾((lz Ch koC  pF kq F)) :lkp-
q F DvA qC l  kDq D@O@zp@ @ l@k EC@hok
DF DvA F Co C  lOw Ozp k DA JDJ  l@A@kp@
D Mpd A F Co Dp  DDF  lz De Dp@ l@kp@F
:lO  lllh  llA pF Dp A qC DDo@d,l@kCk
yolJ pDh F D  PvC lz lpA C CpF PF  wF !DGdp
DN lOo DF PF A HDV F DOzp x@K@v .@Cl@z@@h
Dp ,Dh A ok  kF PF A ok CDh ,llz A hCkC
DDNC A ok  .lz lk oDF DDNC Dp A ok  kFoDw@F
kV oDo DCn DA ok  ,p@  @ D@@p@qC p@@
Dp  .PzCk kV oDwF DF  pFC D@ZoD@J,k@F
F  pNllz pz lv qC yCl@@v @ k@p@ l@D@@Co
Dp C  ?Pw qC Dh C :kp ,kF @ qC p@N@G@@A
ukp ,Dh DC lz O D C v Mpd A F xJ?PwZ
vo DNoCorF olJ Dh ,C  .Pw OF A qC lF PvC
w  lOw Mpd A Cp  CpGDJ  A   CClh
F lClh  PvC pR p C  .lzD@F@ koCk @O@vkCl@h @
:kp DOzp F .lD D DC F Co A @ kCkl@ D@Nol@J
ok .lz koC Dz pF e  :kp lO?PvDW@ ol@J
 lz pD Dp - D C v - D CpF kF DRC 
qC lkF pNDGq  pN  zp  kF lk  lkFDp qC pOF
Cp F yoCorF olJ  kp d ,kFkp lD @a@A
- A   C  - pGDJ xJ .lCOw DwF yp A pF V
pOhk C :kp  lvF Co Z k F  Ppy@A ok Co C
.kDOvp J aA  PvC kCk l N F lClhCo aA F DA
pOhk F Co Dp@ - @A  @@@ C @@ - p@G@D@@J x@K@v
oq  oAPz Do DA ok  lkF p  lDDyCCp
k   Mpz N Pv e DWA :kp .kF DGqD@D@V 
Pvk Co k A  Co N  w  wd DC  w@d D@CMl@qp@
.A  J qo lZ qC lF ,PDd F Dzh .lzDF,koClF
CpFCo FCh  lz oClF ECh qC Dezh DF - D C v - Cpq
ok  .⁽²³⁶⁾k DF - @@ C MC@@ - @@@@@Cp@@C
:P Ck yCoDFDC
Pdo F Ow MCkV DN PvpJpv  l@q @ @Cl@h C))
qC Co V NA !DClh .k DJ  upF kDp F xJ oA D@J@N
 C  - le olJ F Cp  Dp PF hCk Cp   ok
C v - CpC  D@ x@J .Ckp@ @e@@ - @A
vo F e PvC pv olZ  PzCk DF :kp-D@
.⁽²³⁷⁾((lz -A   C - Clh
yolJ F C OhDv e DF DN kp kCoC lClh  @G@z A ok 
 llA ype F DOzp Cp DF pGV ,koClF Cp@ CoC
C MC - CpC F Co DpV C D .lkp@ @v Cp@F
DF jvDJ ok D ,kp v C pF  w qC lkp Cv -
koA Clh HDV qC Co pGh C  kp v C pF D@ :@P@zCk
C :kp  lDvo v Co Dz DO Clh !D C:@ P@vC
 GNp lF Clh F qpC !Clh vo k   !Clh HGdGG@d
.⁽²³⁸⁾lvo Ch DCV
(u) D MD qo
-D C v - D :l@ @Co @FC p@w@@ @@@v C
ok Co C a@A @S@ qo l@z oD@@@F yC@C@hkCk D@qook
EA oCl !okD C :kp  F kF lk yCC@hkCkD@qo
lk aA qC pN w ,kp kDA Co EA .oDF CpF OwzCp@F
Co A xJ koA Co A ,oDF Cp  DV :kp xKv ,kCk DWC,k@F
DWC Co A , J Dh v Co FCiOho : kp pC lz@J
Dk qC C  !okD C :kp  lFCh pOwF A pF G@ @Fo .kCk
.⁽²³⁹⁾koClpF  o qC Co yJow o
hCk -D C v - D O :l x P@F D@@vC
,kq Cl Co DC xKv lD DF A pO Dezh @ l@zD@NC
 C  - ! le pOhk C kq Cl oDFk .kClECV
q o pF  w pOF pOhk C !Dq pOF pOhk C-@A 
C Ep Dh DDV F UCp Hz ok  w pO@hk C!P@o Co
yJo  lz Dh hCk .kCl ECV ,lvo ((kC C vED))
lz VO DD ,kq oD - D C v - Mp@@d A oqC Co
 Dd ok C .⁽²⁴⁰⁾PvC lvo MkD@z @F  @O@D@ MD@@
.⁽²⁴¹⁾PD MD  D  Ep F D kF  lpG
:kp p ,lA @@J  @O@hCl@C Mp@@d A o Co y@Jo
ok DvpF C F Cp v z koC MolJ pF  D A !@D@C
 llz Dh koC - wCD - wd  wd  kF 
o Co ykh -wC  - wd .llkp DzokD MVO@
co C qC G F iv  DF !okD C :kp  PhClCokD@
.l PoD lFqC
C:kp  OhClC okD DDJ o Co kh - wC  - wd
qCG C qC G ,F iv  DF ,Ow wd MpwJ  !okD@
.lvo Cp p  lOwDF Ppd
-D C v - Cpq qC Co DzolJ  l@@O@o l@W@w@ @F x@K@v
 lA r HDV F -  C v - Cp@@C ,l@kp@D@A
kF lq DN .lF PwN Co kh w Z F le pOhkC :kp
qC lF xJ ,kCk PwN Co kh N F  O N FCo D@kok
.p CoA   k kokw Z DF N
Pd ok - D C MC - D@ !D@Cl@h :kp@ p@ r@@ 
 ko  D yC xJ kp MpW C yDF C x x@J,P@vC
.Ow DeC dC  w C Dp d xJ lzC
qC kF kq pZ pF ED  lDzJ yJo D@F Co k@h @ @S@@ C
F PvC oCCrv !Clh vo C !olJ C :kq kDp  lA pF@D@h
D MoClk F Da A qC l@@F @ @kCk P@vk qC Co D@@zC
kh D ok Co Dz kF -D C v - @D@ D@N)@@z@@
PvC Z pk - D C MC -Cpq MkDz qClF  lk
l ,p C lk DF (lk Ci Co Dz@@@@ Cp@F @
- A   C  - Clh vo pOhk pF  lzD  W ZoDK@@
-  C MC - CpC D@h ok kp@.P@i@o@ @zC
pF Co - D C v - Cpq qDV DN lkF pO lkp DOVC
lz pO :P  l@A p@@F om@FC @ND@@e@qC x@J .l@oA
phDN F HC - A   C  - Clhvo pOhk oDK@w@D@h
 C v - CpC (lvoCp  Hz) .⁽²⁴²⁾PvC kDOC
.kCk w Co -DC v - Cpq DJ lwV -
v - D C P :lkp@ - @w@C @@@ - kD@ D@C
DF A : kF C kCk w -  C MC -  Co -D@@C
w Co C lDG l rV xJ ,kF l - wC D@@@ -or@F
w - wC  - w Co - wC D -p ZD@Z,kCk@
.⁽²⁴³⁾kCk
EA oDF XJ D v -  C MC -  : lk@p@ Mp@@d A
ok  Pio - A   C  -Clh vo Phk p@@@ l@Fp@F
!DClh :kp p  .kp DC A F oD oCl WJ@G@Np@
.kF Ph D qC MClrpF  N vo pOhk  Nr Cpq
 orF Co k  DpF  Dp @@N C @F Co @O@W@d !D@Cl@h
- A   C  - le yolJ DF Co C  Ckp D CoyCVok
A   C  -Clh vo d kDq qC .⁽²⁴⁴⁾Dp
pGDJ kp d Co -D C v - D (kF koApGV ) -
PF qC d C D D   D :kp - A  C @@ -
 lDvo v Co p k Dz C  PvC kCk  F pGV@ P@vC
 DNkh CpF Co oCl ,l Pw Co A D@@z :@l@@@
TR :kp - D C v - D .lD ClV CpF Co oCl@
vo PvC - wC  -  p F OwFC lDDF Dz CpF A
ok Co -D C v - D  kp p - A   C - Clh
lz DC  l ,lzo ,EDD N OvCpF :kp Pp yA
DF - wC  -  xJ . d F oDFok Dz !D .Ow
CpF ypk   -D C v - D CpF A  :PzCk
  C  - Mpd .lDpF (Clh vo C) Dz  w@p@
.⁽²⁴⁵⁾lzDF N CpF A pk  :kp -A
ZoDJP ok Co yCllWo  DJ pw lF -  C v - 
lF pF Co pvCp@v @ZoD@J @@@C qC @G@  .⁽²⁴⁶⁾kp@ @@
 !wd C ! C !Hq C !S C C :kq Cl laKFyp@
 loCkpF zN -D C v - Cpq DNokD qC  lDF!w@d C
- wd  wd .PvC PF ok MD l  lvo CpCp P@
A z  Npwd Z !A :lO  llA J - wCD@
C  -  le D lV Cl qC kz yD@hr@p@
D lV Dp !okD C - D C v -Cpq DNokD  - A @@
 - Clh vo F F  DvpF C F Co D@ @v kp@ MD@@Co
.lD O Dk C ok Dz qC lF D  - A  C
p MkDz F Co Clh :lkp -  C v - Cp@C
Co Ovk k  l A  lqo DOzC -D C v - D@@
DD .Pp yA ok kDq Nl F Co Z o k  kp@qCok
Clh F , ClV Co wd  wd weCDFC D kq Cl DvAqC ND@
 - Mpd A xJ .lCkDOC p F DvA DOzp !lv
lF pF Co yJo  kp ClV okD yA qC Co oCorF kA - wC
qD DJ lwV pF  ⁽²⁴⁷⁾PhClC - D C v- D@ D@J
 kCl ,Dv ,oD , - wC D - wd wd .lC@h
k yCDh ok Co D xKv .⁽²⁴⁸⁾lOzCk o@dr@@ om@FC
.⁽²⁴⁹⁾k
pG ok Co -D C @v - Cp@q - @w@C @@@ - @@ @O@
   DF  C wF ,dpC dpC C wF :kp@,P@zCn@
N F pNoCCrv  w F Co N !l C ClG F leC vo
A F  lz Co N CpF Clh aA  kp @@@w@N ,P@vC@ qC
:kp MN Co pz A C xKv .Okh
phC oDN Vpi D  l D  Dh D
A qC pk oDF  kp@@ qD@F A @F  @l@z l@p@A @@q qC
.⁽²⁵⁰⁾zUoDh
- C MC - CpC O : PvC lA pk Tld ok 
,k oC Co A  PzCn pG ok Co -D@@ C @v Cp@q l@F
?Pw N oDkopJ : lkp Cv orF D@F A qC @O@zp@k
?Pw N pGDJ :lkp Cv DA .PvC  oDkopJ Clh:k@p@
?Pw N DC :lO - A   C  - le@ ol@J:k@p@
 -  ,PvC kDO@w@C p@G@ D@F @ @i@z@C :k@p@
.⁽²⁵¹⁾wC
D ⁽²⁵²⁾pG P Mo -  C v - Cp@@C x@K@v
 DorF  Cpv O .kp Pvok F ok Co ⁽²⁵³⁾pG@@Z
DF VC  llz DA -D C v -D kqC (p ,p@F@FC)
-D C v - Mpd A pG C F  llzklO DpG@
lOD Cp  v kh pF Co A ,kF lz Pvok l@@G@No@
C DN l G Co DpG C  lDF w DwDq qC :l@O@@
qD C pF koA pF pG qC Co - A   C - C vo pO@hk
PDd ok ,lvo -  C v - CpC F HC .!lCiF
,kp N F DlA J D ok  koq DG  lA p@FH@@
pC  koh Clh F w  kF oDCm Ovk ok kF lz@J
DA F pz DF ,kz DWFDV D  kz kCk Ppd DpGC qC @@v
.P lCh Co iO  kpFlCh d
kp kohpF - wC  - Mpd A F DCp qC Cl DF p
F !weCDFC C :P@ kp@ - @@@ C @v - @@ @F o
.Ch qD C pF   G@ Co Cp@q p@G@ !l@@@vCl@h
kq q pF Co C  Pp Co C DGp -  C v- CpC
(Ph) kh d qC DC (G@d) Ck@v p@w@JC :k@p@ C @F 
- D pG DC  .l UoDh Dk qC kp A F qC ,Ozn@
,PvC Pvk F  DV  x  ClhF xJ -D@@ C @v
DOkh qC Co q ,kz DWFDV D  kzOzCkpF A qC @@@v p@C
. ECpv
C  - Clh vo F Co -  C v -   lA V pFFC
Cv - CpC .l Do Co p  C F kCk lv - A 
.⁽²⁵⁴⁾llz pO kp  kp Do Co p - 
(u) Cpq oDKwDh qC lF () 
Co- D C v pD l -  C v - CpC O
 rd ,k oC Co A  Pio pG p@F D@h  P@zCn@ p@G@ ok
 lkp oDV D pF DzC  koA o DC @Fl@C
:⁽²⁵⁵⁾kpv CooDzC C
 CpC k nC   p h  DOVC 
PCp ,lzDF lz OD N Pvk qC  D@O@VC p@ Cp@F))
.((PvC lC ,lzDG ok A ok DOVC p  Pw ok
h l C  k ldC lF DD kDOC C 
lF Co - D C v - D  kCk Pvk qC  @O@vCp@F ))
 PvC C pF k - A   C  -Cl@h @vo  p@G@D@@JqC
.((koCl Ck  DF Dk okPvk
⁽²⁵⁶⁾:kp r 
MCprC  PVph DOD vGe DNCpq  w
DF w A !yD C .PvC lz oDOp Dl A pF  x))
.((lz UoDh DkoApF k A

DC  DeC  lF ph

NDd N C Di FC

upN qC  Pw C rV  lq ok N qC l@F p@@h P@w@@))
.(( p kz  NDdC
A   C  - Clh vo pG@ p@ @F Co @No@ x@K@v
 pOhk qC   qC !Clh vo C N pF v)) :kp@ l@Ckp@p@F-
 e ok Dh ok lFCh  N l MoDq  Z o@ @G@@G@d
oDOhC N F Co lz e Ppv lClh  @w@ @N D@oD@F
pG  oDFkpF MCCp Phk   M qC !Clhvo C.kp
.lz Pwv  eN  PD D k Dq lv (ok)qC  lz 
pF DOok  Cp qC  lC  rd  N Pv qC pJ ok CpF C
.kF zik  PwN ,PoD 
qC Pdo  PzCk oCp Cv pF Mpv @A qC l@@F !Cl@h @vo C
,w pC  OwF Ovk DF Co DODZ ,kp qCpJ C  @Fl@F
lz pd  pG Dz ok Co Dz ,Op l F Co k @@
Clh EDO ok ,F (kF oCD  Piv MDe Z).OzCn k@F
,VCo C DC   DC ,Op oCp G ko  F(HD C)
C .Cl PqDF C v F  ClA Clh HDV qCD  OvCpF
N v F C kF pKv  @F @ Co @O@D@C A!Cl@h @vo
C   F p) lz kFo  Pvk qC Cpqpv Z  .P@qD@F
.lCkp V Pzq Z (p ok) q DvA  (lC ClV