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 lkF D@  P@w@J  oD@@k  @ok D@l@@F @ k p@
F  lkF krF DC kp oD@J Co D@@vA y.D@zoD@@z
 pN Wd up  qC kpG@ D@ ok @D@D@@kp@,P@@
N  DF Co DA N k kF pDd wC    Dw.pNlz
oCOvC kh DF ok D CoD Cpq ,l D D@@D@K@v qC
 lkF  DDKv D DA !Pwv kh d ok C CoD lk@F
Owv Pvk qC Mpd A  lkp wC @@ @@ k @F@h
DA pF D  k Dzpe@N D@ .kp@@ p@ qoAD@A
lkp Dh Co GV ,DrF ok  lkCk l .kpp@
qC Dp DF F D  Dpv DF F D  DA .lOw H@
ok wC   Dk kok .lOo p@@ @@zk D@FkD@@V
kk  lzCph Co DV y D  Pvk qC (GCX@@)
CpC p  C .kF lF DvA @F D@A qC @Np@@dk
 .lCk PF C DF OwDFoko DF  lA kp@ @G@O@W@D@C
e r D F  Pw D  l Co D@A @ l@Ck@D@C
.l DhCo
qC ,lkF OhD Co @D@F  @d @ @kk kCp@C @ @v p@
lkoh Co C CoD  D ok  YJ DoDz Hp@p@
,Ch Cih D  PvC DS O pz wC  @@
r  l oDC Co C lqp   PDd lOwCN@@ @p@ qC
Co @@V @CkC  l@k@F k@vp@  @O@w@h @@V D@@D@vok
.lOzCkyh
pC ,lkF Ohk kh xo Dk F Z D@C @ oD@@Z p@
DA do qC D  ,p  llD r DA kp oClD@JC
CDF  ,lph Co DA Cpv O DJ DF o C qC ,kF pGhD@F
CpF DACpv Od ,llz p DA DN G xo CpC
F wd lpDd lOw C Dp F y  lOz D D@
.⁽¹⁹⁾lopN Co C D lk  eN OwF PCo 
DC  DF ok  lOw UoCh D p C @ @W@@J p@
k p .lkF lO D F   lOzCk G Co wC @w@d
F DC DF lOvCh DC .l@@O@w@Ck@ k@h Cl@C @dCr@Co
DC p  ,D DF V F p  ,l PF p@o@
koCl  pz kpF N lDF C  PvC DC C pC  k@F@C
CpFlOvCh DZ) l  N C CpF lCN D@@A
DC DFpD ok Z p p C . ...(lD  N  yol@J
D C ok  kp@@ok @@V @ l@k@F kl@ ok @ l@k@F
. ...lpF Dz  DC qC Co Cp DODOC
f DN PF DpV
O F C .  Dz kp D@d cp@z qC p@@O@i@ k@F @C
wC  GOW DC p w DN C DjoD@N
.kz zo FhF
PF  DC Gh
UoCh O lDFCh p qC xJ wC @ @@ D@@@ p@@C
D Fpv CpF DKv oClN ok  PqDF  F ,Cp@@ok
  V pz F . 40 Dv Do oDG D@ 19 ok @k@F
PDz oDG p @ lFC  qC z A @ VoDh kCp W@@FC
M F orF co l@@F qo k  kD@O@C MkD@@z p@O@w@F ok
.Pvo DV C Dkok qC  PvJC
fG ,⁽²⁰⁾ND D  ,Mpd A Di  DGz @k qC x@J
C DR  ld qC xJ ,Po pG F wC  GOW D@C qoA
:kp A   C  pGDJ pF kok
C pF  ok DO@zn@ @ @ P@o D@@k qC kp@ H@@C))
pGDJ Cp .lvo C  DJ F DlA   lOp@@@J
F Pvk F ZpJ Co C Npd  k qDGDV C Co ok,lV
Co C LZ  PvCo qC D  pGV ,kD@O@vp@@ kp@G@Cl@@
 ok  ...P qDF ClqpJ phDF DN lkpPDe
lA DC DiF qC ok lO DN  kD DV F kh qCoDk
 p DWC ok ((...l oClph kDh PvCh @k@F
p F DC xKv .llA p F Piv r kp  kp@@ CoD@C
:kp  PhCkpJkh
MkpGDJ lqp  ,Cl F  iFl pGDJ lqp @))
qC ,OCl Dhok CpZ A lqp  ,Clh @v @F l@@@
ok DADF Ovk  lz qD DA oDFok pN A  Ow ClDh
.((...lkp HVC Ap
C ,kp C :P  kDOwC uDG F ClG@  P@w@@ D@ A
kp .l PF C DF ,PvDz DC   p@G@D@@J p@O@hkl@qp@
HVC D pF C d  PvD kr x pOFGe@ C :l@koAp@FkD@p@
. ...lODOz PF F  xKv.PvC
Co CoCroD ,PhCkpJ oC O  No F  lA kp pG qC DC
pF MoDCF Co uDG F ClG  kDOvp Dpz F Co CpC  kp@
. ...PzD
D MDClC
DF kp PF  wC  @@ MkD@@z p@G@h @Z @p@ qC
kDOvp pF   F p k lvo D F wC  GOWDC
kpwk Mpd A F PGw Co kp@  l@@@ yoCr@ Co oD@G@hCD@N
uvDV kCk oOvk ,lz pGh DF DC .lqDv DGN DC pF Co oD@,k@@
 .lkq kp ,koA pF kF lz DJ FD kp kr Co 
xKv .lkq kp r Co pF uvDV  Pz D pF pCF r
:Pz DF
,lrFopN  oDFCph F Pvk DN Ovp Ckp Dd ,lF DC ...))
pv ?l yoCr PCpF Co oDGhC DN oD Dv@vD@V 
Z xJ,Pp lCh ok V kq  F OGC ?oCk @V
.((...yDF Co F
oCxJ A qC  .Pz HvDD CD Mpd jvDJ ok r D
DC,Pp Mo k A D NDVDWOdC  D@S@e@F  D@@D@
DN kpkDOC J Dh oD qC  k krz Co kh PDd
F ,kG oCkpFPvk D DC .kp DN D pF D Co PWd A
DzC CpF  lkN DKv wC   MkDz qC xJ qo 18
v qC .lvo ⁽²¹⁾XG J F DN kp Ppd DDv A v F Cp
Co UoCh  DDqC hpF DN kDOvp  F lZ DvvD@V p@@k
upN qC D ADN  lkF DC CoD D ok  DA ,l@@@ oCl@k
Fp DSC lkpPDC wC   DpC p@z
pC kCk l Co  p  ...Fo F TGz  x F TzC  Tp@d
  CpOhk qC   ok oCrPwk lDvo O F Co wd D@C
C  ...llF C F Co Dz Dp qC lDp  kh CpO@hk qC
D  lOwz Pvk DC oD qC  kp pRDNDA ok ClZ Dl@
DV pq ok  kp ph uDwdC DC DWA DN llz @D@@ @F
qD DRC ok DD qC  qo A DN ,lzJ@c@v @@h
.kDO poD C ok PzCk N F oq Z  lC DC HDVF pN
ro ,PzCk CkC D DF vvDV FCo  D@@D@@ D@@C @C
F DJ ok  lkp yoCr@  @F Co @@ oD@G@hC P@zok
.lk PC oDC  lOz DDD
CoD PDh  kDV CpF DC kDA
Cpiv lA pG F Mpd ,lvo DC F D Ppd pGh @Z
.kCl PGSjvDJ w DC ,lCh Cp D DF kDV F Co kp  kp@
DeGv)) :kq kDp PvDhpF o  OhDGDJ z A NDd F l
Cp kDV F Co Dz ,pGDJlqp  DC !Dz lOw kp lF @Z ,C
h qC p ?Dz DDWzlDW !?l P@FD@VC  l@C@h@
?((loCl CpJoD   qC DA ?lvpN oDkopJ
C)):kp DC .llz Cp C DF  lOvDhpF ODV DWC ok
DF lpF ,Dp ,i v F loCk kDV A OvCo F pC
Z olJ DF lk Cpq ,kp lCi D  O F Ck @C
.((lkp
 DA pOF lk Po D@p@@@ @F D@C @ @D@@@ @
ok qDF DC .lClD  k D kh  F lkp oD@oD@@C
:kp  kp CpivDWA
qCxJ Ck .lkCk Hp Cp qC J DC DZ lkCk Hp Cp))
rp  w Cp DA ?kp lCh kDV D@C Cl@ Cp@@ @
?PvCkp vC oDC pz upN qC  koD DC vo  ClhF
.(( (D )
qDF,EDeC DOwv  Dzl  DF  lA kp pG qC xKv
Fx oCr oDZ qC O p .lz Dew@ p@@ok kD@A
kDOvp D Co pv pF d D F l G qC kp lD@p@
DF CoC D DC ((.lvpF  Dp DN DF oDGC Dr ok)) :kp
kCp GqC kp oDF pk DC .k HV kh v F  lph zo
DDJ C qCkp pFCpF ok  kp oDGC Co x oCr oDZ DF  lG Co
r oDF C DC Po .koi Co zk Hp  lDF oClDJ  Pp
. ...Ppr Co C  kp Co kh oD D Dl
kh Pp N DC A DN Pzn @@z @@@ @F oD@
F  ok Co  F kp  kF @C .kp@F @D@@ D@@@F
DN kp pC p F  kCk oCp kh Dp Co i  kD khD@V
Co U  kp  kp XwF Co kp p .l@ X@@w@F Cokp@
ok qo v .lvo dpClG pk F DN kp Y i qC D@C.l@l@z
oCv oCr Z  lk Dv D C ok .lz V DKv DN lD@D@W@A
F ClG kh (olJ)  p@w@J D@C .l@z kp@G@ kD@A kD@@J
V F DWA qC x oCr kqCk  lv F x D@F Co⁽²²⁾uD@G@
pC ,lzDF p pC ClG)) :kp  PzCk@@w@ @D@@
F lv kCk go lDJ pC qDF  ,lv F xkCk go lD@J
.((lzDF p pC(C lqp) x
qC xJ DC  kq koC w D F @@e@ ok  kp@ P@p@d D@K@v
DFDv v F kh ,ClG p oCr kqCk p@@@ kp@@Co
.PhDNCl
DA,lk DA ok ivCo r  PzCl kDOC DA F k ok DC DC
qC  lkFoF  kvp  lV DDv v qC  lkF p
DF CN  lOzClJq  lOzCl kh oD F DC pk v
oD  Hw ppv kCk CkC CoA lq F  lA DN@ @D@@
.lz Cqo
lzA pF D  p p DF  lz pGhDF p C ko qC D@
 v qC G uDG F ClG .lGpF zo DF Co ClG 
Co DoCFpwF D  D  kF ⁽²³⁾ oClDp@ @w@C
k  Pip upN qC ClG kDOvp DWA F DKZ  MoD Cp@F
DZ ok lpF Co DA p@v C  l@kD@O@C p@w@F @@Z @F  k@
 @D@@ qC @@hq @@@Z @@A D@F kp@ @C ,⁽²⁴⁾l@@@C
lzW yCCkp Mp ,Pp MpG  qDF kF kohDCpC
 pz  ,Dk F k D qC O G kD@@J @e@@F 
kp Do Co vC DKv  pGDJ lqp  Php Pm  oCh FMr@
.PvJ D koC F DGz
lv F x  Pwz @ok Co D@C D@K@v Cl@@G@ oCp@ p@G@h
DF Owz Ep  kp orF Ckp A DF kF C DV
DKv okPk  pN oDRA  lCo H Co D DKv  kCk D@@
.koh Z F DC
uCpok DC PG qC q DlpN C  DF pk v qC D@@
l eypDh qC  FpWN  lk Pe Co V  k@F
D Od kpf H  Pz D oC@@ o @C qC .k@F
, ok  .koClFp koCk pz p DC  kDOvp DC l@@v
 lkF kp GNDC DF DJ  Co DC EDeC qC hpF D@@D@
C  Pz  kDOvpDC CpF lkF kCk oD  lD@w@ @
.kplCi r N DF lkp D MolJ DF kp
PwCkC qC C DF DC .lvo DC F ClG oCp pGh DRC C ok
qDF ,lA PvkF qpJ  lvo DDv F oD ,Z DKv D@F
PvCh oD kp qC oDFkPWd DNC CpF  l oD qC Pvk 
PF  lvpOF Clh qC ,lA kpDV  ok Ckp)) :kp DA @F 
.((l
Co DKv  VN FD kCl@N D@C l@D@ D@W@A ok qo k D@ A
...)) :kp  P iv kp DF  kF C .lD lk@@@@N
MkDG  ,lkp oD Cp ,oCk DJ F Co d k O@vC@h@@
D F Co pC pC ,lv Clh F DC kp C@N@ D@@@N CoCl@h
oCnC D F Co pC pC ,rp CF Pk ok DzoCn@C
F ,lk lCi DvA  kDz o rp CF Pkok D@z
lv Clh F ...lz lCh oDZk D@W@@@z  D@@FCn@ C@C@F
 Clh F Cpq ,OzCn D F Co oD @O@zCk@ oD@p@C
.((...PvC Cpd CF pF Ph  lvvo
DJMpO ,Clh qpJ Erd D)) :kp pk Cp@@i@v ok qD@F 
ok CoD pGDJ  DGCp rZ k qC   C p ClDh ,pGDJ
...kD PC D ok Ap oD
DJ   (Dkh P@D@@d ok) @z @ l@@@v Cl@h @F
DDz DF V qC Co D (Cko@h @@zk qC @ @D@@@hqp@F)
pG  x Pv  zi@k D@F @O@zn@ ok @ ,koCk@qD@F
Pv  pG A qpC  ,kp kpG DDz D@F P@D@@O@vC
Dz,PvC lz lF FDNF F pG  ,MCl F Pv ,Oo P@vkqC
 ,kFDODk V DOk  llV Dd ok  V ok
 A D  lClF !PvC Op oCp DOk V DODk qpC
Dz qCp qpC .lOw lkF   A Dz  Ow k@F
DOCih p  ,lp  ok kh DO p@F
ok k p  lk oD Co D C p , l Cp@
.lC yoz  DOC kl
 (f) lChCp oD F Co D D @ l@@Cl@F D@d @C D@F
CpF  l@@V kp@ p@C ,P@w@@ A ok @D@@C  Mr@b@@
jvDJ Dpz rN G DF   ko Co C kDJ lCkDAqDGD@V
pC  . yCDe Cl@h D@@@@J ok  @@k@Co C
Co Dz pDh PDo  pnKF Co C kDJ lOw lqD@C@h
D ,GC ,GC :lkoApF kDp v p qC kp ⁽²⁵⁾@oA@Cp@
! d Co F h ,NDdHD
⁽²⁶⁾PpnJ Co eN f DC  kF DWC
DC F d  qA phA
,lkoCnDN Co DC zDJ Dp  oCp CpC A qC x@J
Dw oCkDqClC DN kq CoD DqA F Pvk oDF phA CpF DC
lkF VHD  p r  lkp oCkD@ @C @ Co
D F fypnJ F A qC  lCh CGh o C qC ,lW@w@F
:lvo
P ld F  kp fG Dd ok  lv Clh F ,lF DC ...))
bqC rp ,Ow Clh DlF CpF kp pNChp@@h l@Cl@h
,Pw ok w F PDh  v l  oCl k F  Dw
pOF kzd DOODV  lGF lDzhD oC pC  lClF
.lzDF lzDJ qC vC PC DC kz DN DNp@ @ P@vC A qC
PDi Cp pCxJ .pNChph DNkh qC Dz CpF   l@@Cl@F
aA F Co D  kqpDFCo Dz   lClh ,l ko Cp Co  l@
.((l Do PvC A ok Do  PGe
DF fl D :lO  lOwp pl F (UoCh CpD) kp
F :lO !l wN C F Co Pd lCh  koCk Co @D@@
 EDGvC  lkpFyo DC h pF xKv !PvC lz pD kp C Clh
qC   ll MpdDJ pq qC kDWv  lkp MoD Co A RD@RC
q pF DG lF p pF pzDC  l@ D@C yk qC Co D@G@ A
CpC Ch qC p  lzoCv HvC pF DC xKv ⁽²⁷⁾Pw
 Fo kp DC ,llz kplz kr D  l@O@p@ Co C
DC kp Ppd DC .lOp CoC kp llA ,l@C@h Cp@ Co Cl@@
DFDv  F DC Z ,lkFCoD D ok r DDi@ qC @hp@F
 Pp Co HvC k Dv FcCpV D F lvC F qC kp@ l@@vo
DF xKv !lz p olJ lDwd C ((p@G@C C)) :kq kD@p@
CiOvC DN Co Co  kq DCCo p@F P@zCk P@vk ok @ p@W@@h
q pF k p  PhClC C opF Co kh HvC o qC DC .P@D@@z
Co yoD pWh D DF  lOioEoD pv pF D@@Cp@C ,l@kD@O@C
F lv Dh ok  lkCk DOC ClF ppv o pF Co DC .lOhDv
⁽²⁸⁾.PhCkpJCCl F R kw
De kC  f ypnJ
CpFD CoDGp kDJ ChD F DC  kF MDDpV C qC xJ
lvD DF Co pD F ClG kh lD D .Ppn@J Co f@@
D A.l l koCk pz p DC  kDOvp Mpd A kr D@C
lF A kC  pz qC hpF  lz l DA D kCkoCp
:PvC oCp
Clh EDO F  pz lF ,kz oCnC D @F P@@@d @1
⁽²⁹⁾.l  OwDz Dh pv  pGDJ Pv
CRkDdC CpF pC  PvC wd F O Pd D qC x@J @2
.l N DVkoCl d D  PvC wd F O lA J
DGh  DqD ok wC   F O CrvD lDF D@@ @3
.l kD  F rV C qC  l pNCo
PvC ok  X@@J A k@V@ @ @@ D@@CP@@F @4
ok  k Dv lDF  koCl A ok d D  PvCSOw@
.lOvpF wd CpFpk
qC z p ok w@C @@@ @@ CoD@  D@kCqA  oCp@dC @5
lzDF DC ok lDF lOw  ... qDWd , ,Cp ,Dz :ClhDq
wd wd DV F r  kpF lkD Co DA Dzr lDF D
.k l v
,lA Tld  joDN DFDO@ ok @ P@vC @@@ p@z D@@@C
OvCo ,PvC kF vC DV qo A Dw  fD pNl
 PqDF kh C DDV F Pd lz  DCl@F p@C
pC  ,PDN w  vC pv qC vC D@zk P@vk
F Co Pd C pzok .kF l  CpF Cvo lz @
pC  kon kh izd qC Z C  koCn C D
DDw oC  PvC lO HD PvC Pd pv pF Dp V
.kpF oD PvC pDd DCl oCkC fe CpW ok Co
MDdDq F PvC kle  P f  koCk DF k pz ok
qC)):kpkh DGh qC  ok o C qC . CpF  D
DN C llWN lpF lC  PvC qA C lDz ? D@W@
⁽³⁰⁾.((lvo Cp O
,kqDvoDzA Co C ok  l o Co D Pvk @v p@z ok
Pvk  kzlO CpZ PvC rDV wC    pC Cp@q
OGC !?PvC kp Dd DN CpZ Pw rDV p@C  ,koCkp@F A qC
   PzCn DJpq Co pz  V qC pz DN D@@
DF rrClG F p Dqok  PzCk CkC . 100 Dv DN wC @@
.lz OzCkpF  kpF oD F C  lpN
F  Dz qD DN  kD@O@C @C@O@@J oD@@Z p@z ok
 l EnV D v F D qD pRC ok DA DN PvC OzD@
.lkp Pwv qoDG okD
  Dz Co DvA  D@V @@D@N @W@@J p@z ok
D  lkF lV D l pF @ @@V ok @@w@C
F lvo qC xJ DN lz lDW ,PzCk k F DA qC@D@@@@
ok DZ kp  A l Dk Z p ,l DOCD@A qC Mol@
.OC 
?MkDz pF f fVpN CpZ