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 D  Piz
lClh kr PFGe
A  C  pGDJ ClDh PFGe  Piz ,D oDFok
F  vC F  DA qC  lz qD p Ap ok oDwF MDA
⁽¹⁾.PvC lkp kD
:wC  kA FN A @1
Co NDlClh kA FN D F  kz oAkD Z p Ap
MD A FCo Clh  kp PDok lClh qC Co DA C  PhA  @F
DCD@@ @F  P@p@n@J Co C @F@N @ l@Cl@h ,l@C@h
 ,PvDkV lZ MD C qC CoDJ ⁽²⁾.lDvo (lrpF)
DC DA qC  PvC PFC qC N XJ oDG D A qC O@@w@
D  ,weCeF we D ,ld D :PvC ⁽³⁾ wC  GO@W@
.weC eF DwdC l
:Mk A @2
 pVC b OvpJClh F kp@ M@k p@FCp@F ok @@C Cp@G@D@@J
.lkD lClh lpF DN Co kh pVC  lkp H@kr@
ok A rV ,kF z  pF r A   C  vCp@G@D@@J
A kv  PvCh kp qC rZ oDkopJ pC F PDvo Xop@FCp@F
  .kF kh ClDh Ovk A  ,l@z@ D@@A k@h l@D@r@@
pF Dz qC  :F) ⁽⁴⁾(23) FpC  kC C CpVC @D@vC
F  .⁽⁵⁾(Co ClDh Ovk rV Ch kr @hP@D@vo
Ovk  PvC wC  GOW wd DC kCpC C qC lkp@N
ok pGDJ DDV D@W@o qC @@vC P@C @Ckol@  uD@K@vC
.PvC PDvoCkC
kCpC olJ MkDz qC xJ  CGh ok wC  @G@O@W@ D@C
.k kDOvC pN A  A lF kh P ok,kp
:DG A @3
DivDN llA l F CpW Dew qC O pW  Dv ok
MkCOe qC  lF kr qC Co A   C @ p@G@D@@J
MpdoDFok CCp O qC xJ  ,lkp DA @Np@@d
A F DA vCv qC  llvp OGS WO F wC  w
lqCkpKF DG F hPDd MDGRC CpF  lz kDJ Mp@d
x p  lCiF lClhqC  koCkpF Dk F Pvk p p @@@)
.lz OpnJ kDJ C ,(lA oDOp C ECn F l h
CpF  lk oOvk @h @vo @F @p@ Ap@ D@W@@C ok
F  Dw  Clqp  Dq qC Co kh F kCpC pOkr@@D@G@
w C F  ⁽⁶⁾.loDF kh Cp lOw@ C D@V@r@@
 wd DC ,wd DC ,Cpq Mpd ,DC  @@@@F@j@oD@N
 ll D C  .kpF Cp F kh DF Co wC @@@
 pOFGe wC @G@O@W@ D@C @@@V qC @N l@@Z@C
DDk  lDC  lzDF C vo  Clh kr ok xpOFp@@
DpZ C)) :P vC A DZ ,PvC EDWOw lkpNlF
,lpF DV qC Co D lC@i@F Cl@h qC p@C @@@F@ @@
rV kCk F  lkp pp DG qC o @C qC((!kp@l@C@h
kvA vC Pd DJ ok lCOF DN lkCk N (MD@@D@@@)
.⁽⁷⁾.llq
:pN A @4
 DJ F @C@  ,⁽⁸⁾l@z qD@ p@@@@N @A @@A qC x@J
PFC kCpC A CpF A   C  pGDJ ,kCk PFCP
,ll oCp C C pq ok Co kh Cpk DN lD i Cokh
D A,lD kh oD ok Co wC  wd  wd  D@ 
:PzCkp  l DA  kh pv pF kF pGh PDF @ Co @D@G@
DA qC ColJ  p xJ ,l ClDh  PFC DC ,DCoDF))
.((oCk rDJ OwDz F Co DA  oClF ok
C F wC  GOW DC   lD r DWC ok
C P A G  kz p pGDJ PFC Dh kCpC qC
⁽⁹⁾.kkp N
A   C  pGDJ kr PFGe
C  pGDJ kr k ok wC  GOW DC PFGe
k ,lk o ,N oDJ Co C pGDJ .kF k x  CpF A 
khlqp Co C OvJ .lD MG D@O@v@F @G@z@h @ 
PGwDzolJ F CokD Clqp )) :k@p@@  l@C@h@
k qC .((lpF PGw  F DA  ,D kC rV lpF@
khCk o pF ,Pp@@ Co C P@vk ,l@qo@ @@ C @F
Cp koClFPvk Cp lqp C  p)) :P kp F  lD
.PvCOzCk zk Cp koClF @zk Co C @ p@  ,@O@zCk P@vk
.((koClF Pvk Cp wd  Co w koClF Pvk lClh
Dp wd  wd Ovk F Cp lCl@h)) :k@p@@ D@ 
ok N DF  x p DF V ok )) :kp D  .((P@vCkCk
.((lzDFV
Co C ,lA pq F pG qC ,OhD DJ qC p@v ,C @p@ D@@@ @F
Co C .P qDF pG F D A ,kp CoA  Pp yAok
N)) :P C F  lvF  lF  Pp@@ y@Aok
.((DA okCpF  ,DA lqp,DA
qCMpd A  Pw pGDJ yk pF qD lWv ok k@ ok C
FD  ,lA kp kh DN PzCkpF lWv qC pv C F p@@ Ml@z
C pkD .koA kp kh yk qC Co C P  p PD@
 ,N HpPvC Gp Eh Z)) :kp  lD yk pF Co
((!N Ow oCv Eh Z
pF Co C D .lz Piv C P@Fp@N  P@G@Cp@ ok p@G@D@@J
 kpF DF oDG v qC  kp N Co C  lD@@@Ck
F  pN ,r@d ,@r@d :P@@@  kq@D@@F Co @O@oCo
.(  ro k C pF DF Cv qC , DJ  Zk)
Op O F wC  wd @Z@ okCp@F D@F Co C D@
:kp  ,kp @N Co C @O@@ @@d ok  P@zCk@C
N Co wd pGV Cpq ,@@@ @@@N Co @w@d@))
.((l
yp oCz k Co wd  C @A  @@@ C @@ p@G@D@@J
k A oDFok .PwCk pA D@@V P@@q  l@@D@@Cl@h
Ch  l D Ch ,lDC wd  wd)) :kpoC@or@F
DA k wd  wd)) :kp  ((((10)).loCkpF DqC Pvk
.((lCOFDCV
kh,kF lz HNp Dh A   C  pGDJ Dq ok kp
,lk DNCo ok Co wd DC  wd DC qo .kp DJ F qC Co
D :P lA A   C  pGDJ kr  Pp yk pF Co DA
.CkoADJ Dz k k C  lClh F  ,C vo
....kCqA N ,pF :kp C F  llh pGDJ
DJCo C DC ,k ok  kD UoC C Piz F DWA DN pGDJ
 PDCCpF Co C OwDz v lF  kD DkCkoCp@ @hp@F
R PD F D qC O  D .PhDv zo Ph
kp Co wd DCpGDJ lz OwF pN l PV kCkoCp  llA
pq ok pGDJ Gld f ok r  .l D@@C Co kCkoCp@ D@J D@N
 wd C Dvkphk k ,Pp klW PG DDw qC Ohok
D DF w DvkphkCpC qC :kp pGDJ  lkp PF @ @@w@d
⁽¹¹⁾.lzDFClDh D qC  w p kp lCi PF
wC  D pC kr PFGe
,lChCp Mpd A DF PF F Co kp uD@G@ @FC @ @D@@@
kr  F wd olZ  OvCo :lO ,OpnJ Co C ivkp
⁽¹²⁾.PvC Ph oCCrv C z F !PvC EGeD
MkDG  Clh qC h
khDq kp pNpF  pNDvoDJ ,pNlFD wC  GOW DC
C ok Po Clh Dh Xd F pF DJ DF F kDJ DJ DF DoDF C .kF
ClhkD ok Dd  ok Co C .⁽¹³⁾kp o oDG@ D@@l@ Co
ok kDOwC  Cp  PD  pG  p kD D p .llk
F .lzyF  kq CD D  Pwp kp ED@w@d
lD  kDOCClC pF qp qD ok  PhDF o  D@@@
.laJ kh F lroD
GOW DC MD D Z :kp @w@C @@@ p@D@F D@C
DF Dz :lO ,Pwp Piv Mpd ,lvoCp @w@C@@@
 Z A   C  Clh @vo kr@ ok D@O@D@@D@V@@A
PwF  kp Dz d ok Co lqoC Div A pGDJ  PvCD@@Z
Co ok rV F rV oDF v Co kh CC  lC@O@o X@d @F kD@@JoD@F
PD  pG qC:kp ?lp Z qC pk ,lkp@ @@w@@NCl@h
⁽¹⁴⁾.koCqA Co k DOvk qC ClV   oCkPd
opDzF ,kF lk Co olJ DDh  DzD DNkDG C oA
C qC kF G  ,kF kp lD l DDOwi ok Co ol@J
Co d DqC h  l x Co d F PFnW  kqD@@F uok
.lD FpWN
Co ok  ,kCk f@@Vp@N @d D@o p@F Co x@ b@@ D@o C
.lph DV F Co DDFq hq Clh DpPDC
,lvo CC @n@C D@@C D@ @F @Z Ap@ PCp@ D@@@ ok
 lz Co PCl ,oDkopJ C F) G C G@:P@@@
.(lph DV yFCo .PNk
ECnqC  lpJ oDG pZ qC o ,ECn MDA PCp D @F
.kpF DJ Clh F gqk
Co Cv EDF  Pw D@@Z l@Cl@h :k@p@@ D@k oD@Fok C
 kp Dk oDwF o C qC .klGF Co PFDVC EDF  lDF DlFp@F
.PzCk CCp qD  qCo lClhDF
PDWz  MCpV
,pk,kpJ koh Z F pGDJ ClDh ok  qC F joD@N
,pGDJ DokqC oDzpv joDN .PvC PD@W@z  MCp@V  ok
o  PDWz oDRAk qC .PvC ... wd ,wd ,@D@ ,@@
wd kF Ow pGDJpG pF pFFC qo kF DD@ C ok @@
...!DF DJ olJ DVqC :P C F DpO  lA Dv kDO
 C  pGDJ Plh DvFC  D  fO@ ok r@@ 
F ,PpnK Mpd A  l llN Co Dp Dl DN lA A
kr ,kpG@ @@J qC oD@  l@z @v@O@ @w@C @@@ @@
ok ylV DF  lCiF k C qC :P  lA wCDD@
kh CpF Co W  Ep DA oD C DF  l@@ P@G@e@ oD@F@C
Co ypk Pvk  F pF Pvk  ,lA V Dv 6 @ 5 wd.kp@i@F
 Clh D F ,DvFC C :P  kD@@ D@@@v@FC @op@F
....kp N z DN k C A   C  lePDvo
DF ,v h pC F pGDJ  oD A omFC lG@N D@@@ ok C
 olJ Cp F DDFF kF kp  ClV C olF qC @@@h @A
C F  kp PD Co C ,ol@J D@D@F CoD@ qC l@@Z @@N okCp@F
.kCkoClk
olJPlh ok lvo Ph F yoCorF olJ  qo qC wd DC
kpXwF CpF ,PzCk qDF Ovk DH  r ok .kF C lD@ 
CpivDF C .lz CrC DDv ClF olJ v qC @@ kp@ kp@
XwF Co kp qC p oCr k @ kF oDF A DF @ kh r@@Co@z
Dh vqC E  lvD p A @ p@zC @v@@FC  kp@
qC ,kp kpwkV qC Co kp  k qDA vv  Co @ @J
.k r Pd
 PzCklV od Cp    V qC olJ DV DN ok C
 DKv  pFV V ok .PvC kq DFq DV C ok C Dok
F Co le yokCpFpk  kF pw pF wC  wd yokCp@F
hq  kCl MooD  Po J F C ,kCk D@p@ p@@@J
Co zk  C kCkDp wd F  D  .PqD@F ko@h
lC olJ kr okd le .kCk DWC Co yC@@  P@w@@z
lqp N ,pwJ)): kCk oClk Z C F DC  ,lz @p@z
koC DF  kF C PDok  oA ((!...PvC pGDJ lqp wd  @@
.kp pw CoV oD ,D pOz pF oD Fp koA
FCo kp kh NA DoDz DF  kp WN Co kp  ok
 kq p@@ H@@ p@F D@@Z k@h  .⁽¹⁵⁾P@hCl@C@ Co
CV C)) :kp ,kp Cp Co wC   C JDJDzo
w wd yokCpF  C p DF CkDG ,loCk qDF Cl @F @O@oqC Co
.((!kz  A   C  FpGDJ
lkF kq koC ⁽¹⁶⁾DFDv J oD ok  D ,Ph D@q ok
 PzCk kp D F F oDzC  kp Cp@@i@v D@W@A ok D@C
qC xJ ,kF la@J kp@ D@@ Mp@@d A f@@ @@D@zr@@
Co koD  kpF p iz kF HvC pF oCv  Ppd DCpi@v
khHvC o D qC ,pk DC koh hq DC A ,lDvo CiOvCF
.Pwzkp  kq q F DZ Co C  PhClC  kpp@F Co
Oz DF A qC xJ  f qC J orF DC A  D D ok
,lv Clh F)): kp kh C  ,lq U vDd co P@vC
.((kpF pv F DDF kDV ok Co qo  Hz ,OD CoD pC
PG  MkDv
 kFD  Dh krDFq wC  GOW DC  V  z
CpqD .PzCk QoC F h oCorF lV qC  kF O@@ @C
MpdA kr Co kh k k pGDJ Pdo D ok wCD@@
F rZCo Cl p ,lOw Dz Dk DC :P@zCk @p@  koA
 PDWz ,wd A qC z  MkDv  PG :kp .l@k QoC
opv  DA Co wdyokCpF  C pk PCo ok .wd A qC D@i@v
.lD OF DCV
Mr C :kp !Ow P@@@ D@F @Z , :P@@ C @F kp@
⁽¹⁷⁾ lD  ok  PvCDC
x b A   C @@ Cl@h @vo qC x@J :l@A P@Co ok
zp Dh ok pF D .lvp @G@O@W@ D@C @@z  P@G@@@F
V  CpOdC F CpFD DC ,Pw A opF Mpd lkpOw
V  CpOdC F Cp@FD@ D@C ,P@w@@@ A o p@F@Np@@d
pF lk Z Z  .lA lF Co  lkDOwC@@Np@@d
.k ClJ kp CpF OdCr DN Po rF  PvDh
A D  FC F lv Od ,l@l@z@ kD@@J @Z @@ Co ok
Ppd ok Npd oD ok  lz kDJ @ l@l@k Co Co Ep@ok
DDzkDJ z  p  DGC pZ o :D F C O F.P@vC
zk A pFq FC @O@@ @F  .l@z@ l@k @w@d p@@Zok
lqp DJ lF  PG ok CokD :PD@vo Cl@D@hP@i@vp@v
.lCkCrZ
.lzHp oCv DC DN Pp EDo Mpd A CpF uDG FC
!?pEDo C CpF Dv  v C DF Dz :P C F i@z
?PvClh volqp C  Ck p ,CkD C :P uDG FC
!?pFEDo C CpF  Pw  pF Clh P C DA
CpOdC F wC  @w@d :k@p@ @w@C @@@ p@D@F D@C
.k iv F H C o J ok wC  wdyokCpF
Np
xp  lzV kp DF .kF Np oDwF V  PG  ok C
yoCorFolJ  Cp lV qC C .PD oDF Mpd A pF OdCo F
Owz DA V PG pFCpF ok kp Piz lDG  kF OhA
Cpk  lzDF Ow PzCl yh vC D DN G C .kz
DV qC C CpOdC@F kCk@@ qD@VC @O@d ,kD@O@w@C C Cp@O@dC @F
⁽¹⁸⁾.lrhpF
llzh p DN  lkD v pF Pvk C F kp vC CpF
lV zF Npd Od ,lkp v l@@@F Cl@ D@F @@@F
Cp  DkDF .k OvlJ kp v F kh yCCp
Cp qC VpF DC qo .kp Wk DA qC  P@w@@@
ok  Co DCiOvC Pz MCom  Ow q pF  P@zn@
C qC llk Co DC D .lkoh kp DJ l@@O@zCk P@vk
F   Pw oklF DC .kz Cn  DA DF  lOvC@h
DA qC xKv .koCk PvkCo CpGO lClh :kp  lz koh
. liF uDG  Cn DA F ,lo yCDh F C DF  PvCh
krhpF PvCh  D ,kF Ow @w@@W@ ok p@@k qo
F  P lA yh C F DC ,l@vo Co qC p@@@ ko p@@F
:kp  kq liGo
qDVC DA ,oCk Oo l  OvDhpF D  Ow@@ @D@@@ @N
....!?kOo
Pdo  oDFkpF
r Cpk @F Co A  k@F @i@p@  oD@Fkp@F oD@@w@F Mp@@d A
lA Z Pz uDG FC CpF  V Dp ok .kpyoDv
... kohpF kD  qDF o DF ,yDF ip CqD@Fp@v D@F)):P@vC
N lkp qDA Co V DA pC  , qDA V @F k@hr@p@
.(( Dh Dz qoDGqC
F qC aA   PvC p Dz kp DF Mp@d A D@O@vCk
DC DC ,koA DFq pF Npd od ok P@zCk @@ A D@F @@@
Co N on D ,@O@w@ H@p@ Cp@D@ :k@p@ C @F @@w@G@ND@F
...k PDJ DJF pC  ppF Co P,pnJ
A PDC F oCpC qC xJ  kDOC p F Div C lzDF kp@ A
 lkF  kr kCpC pNG MolJ  N Dd F DN :P,Mpd
....lOw  p ok h pOFGeC
oDwF Dz d ok @@ @ kCk yoCr@ Mp@@d A @F kp@
CpF lDF C ,lC Pdq F Cp)):kp .l@@@@l@F
.(( oDOvCC  kh
lA C MFDN pq ok pk zk A Cp ,DC A MkD@z qC x@J
qpk:kp C F wC  wd DC .l yk pF Co qDV
Cp !?yk pF Co yCqDV qpC  Oio ypV F @h
D DF C DGz oCk qCpFC w F Co MkCoC C  :P@
⁽¹⁹⁾.kp pFCpF
MDiv  poD
 p D  iF  kV Dok w@C @@@ @G@O@W@ D@C
Co C  DWA DN ,ClOw oD  kF Dpe uokDp .kF@D@
ok  lkF Dv Ow  kCpC DwF Z .lClCh PF@C@p@
Dp DiF qC joDN .llvo C F Npd MDD@@D@v
.koCk pDh F DDOvCkC
,kpPw Clh Co ok Co kh CC  oDF v C :l MD@Co
Co ok CoOV  PzCkpF kh Co OV    PV k qC Od
.kCk Clh
DD@N Co A @J  kp@ oCl@p@h Co C@or@ @w@ qC @D@q
Co A yqD pDh F lzp  lz pGh DlF  ,kP@hCkp@J
oDOhC ok oDFk Co or ,J Op xJ lF DC .PvCO@hp@
.PzCn CHdD
,ClClh :l  l Dk kp @ l@k l@W@w@ ok qo
F Co C DC .qDv ppF Co    D@ @ @F @okoCr@
D CC  lCkp H Co D d ,kp C :kp  kp lN ,kpFDh
DkV lC ,lCOzCn D CpF D qC rZ  lCkpF UCoDN FCo
.kpD C F ok oCr DWJ OCo F  oCr k D A .pnKF Co