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l
DC pD Dh qC  zDF @O@zCk D@N@ @@ok @p@r@D@
GD  DOe  DA lq yo  @ wC @ pwwd
p Cpq F iv lz @e@O@ D@A qC @hp@F qC Mp@@d@
 ll ClF DlCh  SdDG pO qC @
.PvDh C lq qC  Cz lOw A PhDzDCh
O
@ pw wd D@C Mk D@v ok @@O@@ l@qp@ @@O@
F DF  ⁽²⁾lvo Ph F @ 232 Dv  ⁽¹⁾@@w@C@@@
kDF .Pp Cp Co kp CFDvF DvA PGC l@vo Mol@
Co pF  kClF , DoCrO Pp l@qCp@ ok @Cq@v
p F xKv .PD CkC qo DWJ  PCo CpDw .kp @@h
 kp  Co DDJoDZ ,lCqv Co oCr ,lAoDWv   ,Cl
P DA kDOC PD  oCqDF  Z okkp lA  Po qC D
qC kF oCl PG C lDz .⁽³⁾kpkFD Co @ @@@h 
.O Ph Pd z F DvA
oD qDN  oDGq r loDZ pD F ClG C DF P@@F D@@@
@ P C Oz ,h  @ ((FGe)) V qC (OhD@qCA)
C yo  DGV qC hpF F DWC ok ⁽⁴⁾!kp l@N @@O@@F
: ConCoDzC
:kFoCp lF O do DCp  Dt :Dw MD
:ppv F  @1
Cp pO  kp   ppv p Co lq O
C NCm DOh qC fpN  hz F @  P@zCl@ P@l@V@F
 r ,piw  b J Dh l@ D@ho@.k@F
 lvo Ph F O A DN lkp koC kh xW okCo G@v
C .⁽⁵⁾lkp pJ C qC C Ch  kp kDWC Co D@oD@@C @@
 Cl lN F  l oCklh MDpd DN kp xWkoC Dk
J ClF Co H C) .⁽⁶⁾lkoAok CkC  lqCkpK@FCp@@k oD@O@o
.(p
:D ECl @2
DNn F yllz OwGk h oDzA MD@h qC p@@k @@
((Dq))  ((DF)) DD F  k O@ ⁽⁷⁾k@F ECp@z
ClV DA qC rp  lkF pD lCh  lqC ok P@zCk
k k A qC   PhCkpJ oiFCpz F  O@ l@z@@
.⁽⁸⁾lCh kpv pk PhC
ko   DFCpz   Dr ClC D@F r@@ D@@Cp@C
fO .lkp m C ok  llz kr C F lkF h@@
qC DV  DGq oDwF r ,oDF qC h kGF qC xJDDh F
F pq MDFC DF Cp kF l lk A lD  ECpz G@v @
:!kp C lN lC
 Pv  lz qDF oCk ko@h qC @@@@h @ @D@@@))
 Gv C qC DV lz rV oCk Co C PD qDF Co khOvol@N
A qC xJ oD C  .Pw C F lz l r MoDF kpJOzCkpF
.((!PvCl DoCk
HG ,vD F Dd .PD@ H@D@V  l@l@@w@J Co A @@O@
:P PzCk od  hDh
PvC pNDCk zrJ F  qC fO w Clh F !@@C p@@C C))
.⁽⁹⁾((! PDi yCO DFxJ
C  lCO Dho .kF wV PD Oz O :oDG@q
kp kr DA  DF  lCO  PzCk i r oCrXJ
O O pC ,oh w Clh @F :P@@@ Ckp@F!k@F
.⁽¹⁰⁾lz   lD lq yrA MpSqC lz
OwGk O qoDF MDh qC pk  :Cr F @O@@@z
D ((eG)) kF r Co C .kF DA DF O   CrF
:P V F  F EDF C ok  kF yCOhDGk
.PvC OzD yC pF pG DF Co D  lk lz hCk eG pF
pz xJ .Cll  A lKv pF pG Dv qC pNDGq Cl@h@F
PJ  h Cr qC pk  ((FGe)) .@F ko@@C ok
:kpvCo pq MDFC ClGDF lz Co O C  kF OwkpJ
((pV)) D pG DF kh  pF  kDF Clw Cl DV))
G ok Pz  pF pv kh Pvk DF pC .P@vC @O@zD@@Co
lF   Cp Dd x Z PzCn DWF PGe qCD@p@@v
!?lFDok Ow A  l D D koCk D Zp  Ow kh
F Co PClk  H lz lClh .oCk pV qoAD@ ok @@A C
.⁽¹¹⁾((lDzFC
r ((FGe)) pF Cr F yllz  p@RC p@F l@@@@
OzA C DF  lk ECh ok  .kp pN Co C  Pp @hk@h
pGh  pF FGe v F :P lF  PvCh Co kDh Cn .PvCkp
 PpF O kr xKv P Co CpVD Oo r C .oDF CpFCo C
.PvC Ch qCA  FGe P
h C pF  A Dd .lCh@ qCA @@@Z :P@@ @@@@h
k p .F Co C qCA DN DF  DF :P  F xKv.COp@
:kF pO pq MDFC F  llvo r kr ADN lkDOC Co
DF D lk y ODz F FD Co w  kp gD ok))
pnJFN rp  Clz HNp D C S .l iv
.((Ow A lF ok Pw
oClk F ECh ok Cpq ?kkp DzkDJ kr  z w@ D@A))
F  Po oD F lk lKv   .kp OzA  DF l@A
.((P qDF  pF khh
 lA ykr lz C od VO FGe   P kDz O
OzA pl DF  lk Co C ECh G@ H@z @ kp@ p@G@hD@F CoC
lz pO ClF  kpv Co pz C  OvDhpF fG@ x@J.l@Ckp@
rCV  PhCkpJ oChkDz F C DF  lAok Ep @F@@@@h .P@vC
.⁽¹²⁾liF kh DCpCF OCp
:DD F pDWN
qo .lz D HNp CoDzA kp qC pz lF O
qDVCD kCk F ldC ko CpF  kF DDh F fO DF kp qDF
 PzCkqDF Co C O  koCkpF Co kp OiN PvCh jO .lOvCh
kp@ qC @@@@ D@@@J Cl@h qC @ Co oD@)) :P@@
.⁽¹³⁾((!?oClFD
ok kp@J  k@G@ D@ l@Cl@h P@@@ Cp@F @Cp@O@dC C
pC  ⁽¹⁴⁾lkp qDF Xpz yod ok Dl.kp@@
oD Z F Pvk ypFCpF ok rp l@l@@w@J@@Co A D@@C
.kF lz Dz kp D ok C w F pDWN okkpJ .lkq@@
oD F Co EDWd DN PvCh xG pOhk ((o))ypw qC qo
 kp PDi C  l DN Co Cw DZ  koCn
krDFq CpVD C ⁽¹⁵⁾kCk  Co C O PDi@@ p@RC p@F
 DkCpC F DOC  PzCl ClF @V@NC D@C P@@ kp@
.kplz C VO
:F orF kh
F orF kh  Chkh ,pGN O Dt qC p@k @@
Dq Op oDOhC ok  Ph DDJ DeOvC qC xJ D@@hC
 .⁽¹⁶⁾Php orF kp pF dD F  kp D  k@FA
((pOeF)) oDFok CpCpC peN C Chkh D@@@@qC
DoC kp oCOvC CpF Co kh FkC Ph  C@N @@ @k@F
O  kF A oDS DV C jvDJ .kF Op oDF OPh
pOeF .l oCk Co C pz  kqDOF C pF PvC@h x@G@@@C@FCqC
EkC   Ck)) :P A DN P N C pF Dk  lzoCO
.⁽¹⁷⁾((lzDGN
:D DF zk
MoD  P PF C F PGw llz   P@i@v @@@zk
Op NA DA F OGw h qC  kF k kvp Co ODV
C Dq ok D kF kp DA F PGw Wz  Ov Co k@h
J pOv Dh qC a l ok  llz eO CoGD@
.lkFll
 DwdC  p Dvo  kCk oCp kDOC p@D@e@ ok Co D@@@
p Oiv F Co D@@i@O@  kp@ @@ Co D@A @d ok@@@
 p qC vDG MD Dp upNqC r@@ kp@ .⁽¹⁸⁾kCk@
Cpz  N D pF Dk .lkpoCkkh DA F oD  @
ok CpJ DN  lvo ld F DAOvlN  p ,P Pi@v
qD kp N F Co A HNpN F DA kF  Dq qC p oDOhC
DDOvk PJ Dp kh  lkCkpk F xKv  llCh
.⁽¹⁹⁾lOw wo j
khDGz DzD Uph oDk D vDG MD Dd D ok
.liFDSi  Dk ,CpDh F FDwdF CC  kp
F FDOvkqC Co @ A   C @@ @ Cl@h @vo Cl@qp@ @
Co PdNDGN DDOvk DN  kp  lq MDop
okrCpDz .Pp oDF DA Pr OvD  lF@ Cp@F
F PvDvC DOvCo ok r PwJ  lJ EWC FC F Cp @Z
DA pFCo O Z oCih DDv  OhCkpJ P@F @C @W@
@@@@h qC @ D@@zCkD@J ,@ ok  l@@O@zCk@ l@@
DN  Piv DoD  MDGN  C  !lkp@P@D@ok
Oz pOF Co DA F kp Ckp o PF C qCCo D@D@@@w@
MkDv DCh DDC DN  llz VO  kpkh C CpG@o
.lz DA lq PpJ PV ok  lOwkp Dk  k
C  lOhCkpJ DA PzClorF  plN F DFq  l D Cn
C ClDh C  .lOwCk Ckol  pOw@D@z Co Cl@D@h
O  lkp HV Co DA PGe  lkp mkp E ok Z
DN DD  llz kpKv joDN CkDFq F PFC Dzk p@k 
 PvC lF PGD C  lz koA DFq FoCh  p@@@e@N Cp@F
.PvC kCk lA F Co D lClh
:CpC F PGw 
PCl  d CJ F PGw ld   qC @@@ @@O@ D@V
 CoDzA Co  C  kF @ wC @ @@@C p@@C @vCok
DqF  DCpC qC Si ,MD C .PhDv DDCp@J@F
DV  x  @ C pC F Co kh  kF kp EDiOCCo k@h
oDz F v CpF oD Z C kr@ yC@r@@  k@FC @vo
oDOo C .kp lN Co Mpd MDpd  kpl@D@ @ P@o@
koA yV F Co ((pO)) O DWz  olqp h oApz
oDOo  yolJ O EDGvC qC   kp eCo Ppd @C 
.kF z
MDG lA  Po :@ wC @ w@d D@C l@p@ kp@ Cp@
DC ,PF DCV DA  Clh vo Deo pG pv pF kpO@i@
MDOhC F VN lF DWA ok DA DdkqC  @ wCB @@w@d
Dd D ok Cpq kq NA Co O  p@J H@@,@D@@
Ckk  Dlok DDV  lz lF Ck DFqF DvDG Do@
DODd w oC F PGw Dkh DA p@O@v qC  k@F
.PzCk
ClClv lp kp Cp@ p@F @@O@ Cl@C H@G@v D@ho@
Cr ,q CpDh qC  : lCkp  Z Co @ wCB
DN kDOvp C kr lvpF Ph @F @@O@ @@A qC @G@ Cok@h
J lvo Ph F  D lCiF CpF oCiFCpzD@@@
lkCk pGh lF  .l Co ClCh CpF DN kDOvp qA Cpv
Oo wd DC lp MoDq F  q A .PvC lz UoDh pzqC @
Cr qC   lDvo kClF Co kh Ppv F  PDok Co pGhC kF
?lkF DW :lvpJ C qC h kDOvp C kr Co O ko
.kF Oo Xd F DDF Cp @
:lvpJ  lz HWO O Cn kF DGz D ok pv C
.!?lkF Oo Xd F DW DGz D @
...wd pG v F @
oOvk h DF  lk yCpZ F h  lz oO kp Do
F xKv .l okD Co CC  p@O@vk Co r@@@ @D@FkCk
CpoD  !l Cp Co DC pz pG@ kCk D@p@Cp@oD@
Co Co NoDwV Z  lkp oCkkh oD C qCMlz F D@@w@
DA  kp oDzC ((Urk)) DvCo ok  DkF xJ .lOw@Cl@
lz v ok kh lDF l ok o FC.lkCk PGS j@vD@J
:l kp oDzC H  F pF e CkDV
qCDODv A DN ll D  lkp lwF kh J MDDV F))
.⁽²⁰⁾((lkpCp Co DA DpG ((F))  ((Urk)) V
DC pz pG @ 237 Dv ok O OvCh PFDVC ok lJ Dk
pF  lkp Cp HpV Pwk kld Co A Cp@C D@D@@F D@@N
Cn .Pp Cp Co DWA  kq d pG kp F EA  !lOwF EADW@A
zh F Mpd oDG lp qC .lz lD@ ((pD@d)) x@JA qC
w Pd ok  kF kp DOvC Co A lD w @D@N@
ok pCV .PvDhpF kF PCp  pz  vC PDvoA p
:l oDzC Z O CF pz
qC PCp w l@q @@@w@ @ l@@@F Co Mo@ D@h))
.⁽²¹⁾((hDFDF
MoDq F Mpd pG oDRA lz DJ qC xJ lvC F @D@ qC @Fp@
,Dh Oi DOw lF F kp pz  lz p DCpG@
DN lF  PppF Dh O  Po J D@@F D@
Dh O kF lvo pG F  D .lvpF D@Cp@G@ @F @@A
 Pwp xJ PvC p qC oDzpv  lz VO lFCo A  PzCkpF
PDh  pG  Gzh Z N)) :kp p OhDvHDi@ Co D@C
:lCh Co PF C xKv ((!PvGzhZ
yh F  l DJ Ovk qC Co ypG l@O@vC@h@))
.⁽²²⁾((PvC A DCo,pG
ypRC e Co ClClv pG PvCh ((O)) vDG MD
 PTG zN  lz lCpv  l  Co D  DJ Co
lD oClDJ oDqo  DC on ok Da Cl@@@Cl@@v D@@CoA
xlN ko  lz D  DOhw@k Cp@F l@z @D@@D@@J
F pv DOvA C DlDJ .P p  p p qC kpD@@N
. ok Clh Dh DlDJ qC F Od  lqN D@@
:lpCV
.PvC vCp p qC olF Mp@G@  @O@o p@ qC up@N qC p@NCp@))
.⁽²³⁾((k DJ Co Co  lVDv p  PvC oDwFoDqo
A DDw  Mp HV ,O@ P@w@D@zD@ @@ @C
e  lF ko Co O De  xDW ok  Pp@@
 ok pF C   lkp p Co C kh DqD qC x@J l@kCk oCp@
⁽²⁴⁾Pv C qC Co DA  @ pq MDFC .lOz DoDzlVDw oCk
lz D De krDFq @ lCOwCk pkD  ⁽²⁵⁾DwF D@
:kF
DD Co DzpGDJ kCqpOhk @C @@F p@C @w@ Cl@h @F))
.((lCkCk DWC Co A lD r DCokCpF,lO
DA pz lOwCO C qC .C lz Cp pG Pw@C @N D@W@F))
Co C lz Dh lF x@J ,l@ko@h u@w@C l@@z C @O@@ok
.⁽²⁶⁾((lkpWOwV
wd  ,kkp D DO ,kz Pvk F Pvk D@@O@k
lhok vC Dk ok DFDN CoDOv a yp@G@  ykD@
.l pFCpF C DF C PD  Pr  ok lCN@@ x@ b@@
OGe  Pp oDOhC ok Co DDw C  E w@dD@C
rV lr DK  O  lCk o DA k@V D@@Cok
.lkpG G Clh p  h,P
 lkF Dz DOvA ok @ wC @ p@@w@ @w@d D@C
lV pG kp Cp  vDG MD@ r@@AMD@w@ D@@Cp@G@h
pCq oDFok Piv Dp  @ wC @ wd DCyoCorF
 koA kok F Co DC k oDGhC C D  llz Co Mp@dl@p@
.krC DCpF lC Xo
F @ wC @ kD DC :@ wC@ @ kD@ D@C  @@O@
,oCOvC  llz CN  o ,oDwF oDFkpF ,kpOw@ @CkH@G@v
vC PC  kF kh Dq ok MoD@@  Mp@O@ Cl@D@hor@F
.lOzCk p DNC Cpk pF OzCk l  plN ,PzCl@or@Fp@F
kp Mpd PDC F z  ,DDw qC iF A p@F@
PwCN C ,O Z ok kF oDh DC @@ .l@k@FkD@@
ok kF Dzk  D qC  Co Mpd DhokP@@@i@z
 MDCp  lF iv C D qC   lG@F @@vC@@D@V
,DG Pp pk p qC .lzDF xDW @ C @@@@D@C@N
F JDJ  lOhCkpJ DC qC PDv F Pd CoCroD@ Cokr@
kz pqCpv DC v F CCp CC  lkCk yoCrO
oD lCh  PvC qCl@Cp@F P@@@d @D@@ kl@ okC))
 lz oO kp Do r C .laKF ok Co DvDGP@h
qC lk DWC DC l pF rAMDw DC kCk oOvkD@@@h
:V
:CpDv F DC oDdC @1
DF Co Mpd Cn l@oD@@F Cp@D@v @F Co D@C kCk o@O@vk @@O@
 ko DO O  DC D  lkoA pz ClFyCkCD@h
DC eN Dlq)) Dpk EDO ok Co A N lz l@F
.koA ((@ wCB kD
:oDGVC PDC @2
 kp CpDv ok PDC F oGW Co @ @w@C@@@ @ D@C @@O@
CCp DvvDV A pF  .lkp pz A qC D@C Up@h@D@
pF  l pO Co DC MDpd DN DN kF O@zD@@ Mp@@dp@F
.l pOiv DC DF DzMD
:kDOC pDe @3
DN ok Co Pd @@@Zp@v  M@G@ D@J @@v @@O@
Mpd F Dz CC lvo D  kF kCk oCp kDOCl@l@z
F Co pz d DDV MDO eN D@F D@A @@@l@z@
DCo qC  .lkp Sh Co zk N  llD@vo@D@C
o Mo F Co kh Dz  kF A Mpd F @Vl@D@vo
CC ,Mpd F o Gv yp DF F  loA@ok @zp@
DC ok Pd Z qC DN lkp wN DC F CoA ok Oi@
.lzDF
:DGz yo @4
 kp PDv O kr@ Mp@@d qC ,Cl@@@J  D@O@w@J qC @@
 PvC CC  evC ,DD @ wC @ kD DC kr)):P
.((!OwC lrF Pd l pF Dew D F Pvk CqC
DGz kCk oOvk kh pN xJ qC p F  lz DvCp O@
F Co DC  l voqDF Pk @F Co D@W@A  l@r@p@F D@C @D@h@F
.lkoAgD
lkp pDe DD Co Mpd Dh h oOvk Cp@VC @J ok
DNC ok Co DC  lkoA W DCpF  lkq @d A kp@
F o v  z pF  koCk N F J zJ N  llk Ow@Fok
:l MN Co A C  ⁽²⁷⁾PvC OwG
CA nD W C MDwC CdpOVC n@C H@w@d C))
@@ND@@  @D@@e@ C@v MD@e@D@@C C@@@
((.⁽²⁸⁾((eDDv