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 kzoZ  PvC cp  CpF Cv  C DWC Cp@
qD F  lzDFOzCk oD F qD DOhDz  DlC qC @F
,PhDz C pk F vpF DWA F  ,lzDF OzCl oD F
D Mo C ok .lCh k koCl (oD F) VD@O@dC
kh Z  koCk k F qD DOhDz F :kzoC DG@p@@N
k  F UDOdC PvC  ,PvC PhD@@z @ @@ @@k
 PvC PhDz   ykh  k A ,lzDF O@zCkp@@k
koiF J lZPvC  ,lzDF OzCk pk k F qD@ P@vC
,lvo D k A FO  lvo DV F pC PD@ ok @
- vl D EDwd - MDDo S.PvC oDF PhDz  A k@h
((oDO C)) Co F @ l@z@p@z @D@@@C @ qC
F qD  PvC OhDz ((oDO C))qC k .lO@@
.PvC ((oD kh)) ,PvC ykh oD@@ yk@h,koCl@ oD@@@
C))Co DC F .oD kh PhDz  ((oD@O@@C))
Ck lDF  koCk oD F UDOdC  ,lO ((@
.lk CoC C F CoA oD ykh  ok DN l @G@ Co A q@A
z DF Dw z k)):lOwCk (oDO) C  Co C S@
S lClF lCh Dz Dd .((lOwDw pl DF kh ,v
C DGk F .ph D PvC Dw ((E)) @Cq D@F((@C)) @Cq
lz VO ,PvC Dw DCq Z DF Cq lGF lo
E CqlF a ,PvC Dw ((U)) Cq DF C Cq
l loAPvk F Co k C DN .PvC Dw ((U)) Cq DF
((lOw Dw pl DF Dzkh,v z DF DwO z k))
DwN) lCh DpF ,PvC lF ,PvCoDO C @ @C 
C  lCh MDGRC ,lCh k  DpF (U DFE  ,U D@F @C
.Pwkp z FD ,PvC ((oD kh)) ,lCh MDGRCp@k
,D   kF lO kF vD  N    A
,kz O oD khDOhDz F DOD lDF ,D DOhDz 
kh DOhDzpF O  ((FpWN PhDz)) ,lkF lO O@d
.PvC oD
FpWN EDF ok voC  p
C .Pw FpWN  ,voC  lCkp D@@h @@@F
V qC voC  DFDO C k .PvC orF DGO@zC
C ,PvC voC  ) PvDv F DFDO
.(PvC voC  ,uDvC kpF V h Co voC 
 yqoC FpWN CpF  ,PvC FpWN  voC @@@
voC  DF voC p  MDN .PvCD  kDC
D FpWN F DvoC  PvC D FpW@N @F C @P@w@@ @C
 PvC lO voC   PvC C MDN F,l@@O@w@@
C F  ,l lDN O@hD@@z D@oD@@@ D@F @ Co@Fp@W@N
.lvo Chw
,PhDz PvC C PvC N  D   A uDvC xJ
F pC PD ok,kh DOhDz D ok D  PvC OhD@@z oD@@@
oD F qD  lOw((oDkh))  vo D@@O@hD@@z
F qD OhDz p pC  lO(iv C MDGRC ok ) ,loCl@
oD F qD  oD A ,o oDA Cpv ,lzDF OzCk oD@@
b pC PD ok xJ ,koCk pk oD F qD v oD@@ ,koCk
 COo DDz w DGk F  ,kz@@O@hD@@z r@@Z
.lzDF kV Dk ok lDG  xJ ,Clz Dz
lF F ⁽¹⁵³⁾F Dq qC  @ PvC Dv DWJ  l@v kl@d
oCpvoC  FD ok  PvC lz ClJ pk p@@ @B
D,lCh oD OhDz p l @p@@ @C .kp@@@
PhDz oDDz p qC vpJ .oCl ((oDkh PhD@@z))
,pC phA F PvC PhDz,DOhDz qC F oD l ?PwZ
D oD  ,PvC  ,PwPhDz pk ,PhD@@z oD@@@
 DC p qC ,voC  uDvC CxJ .PvC  DOhD@z
 F J Dv lv ok lkp p  orF@Fp@ A .P@vC
C C PvC  lCkp koC voC D vD ,@@@N
 kG FpWN  kF vD ,voC  F P@vC @@
Pvok .Pw vD  PvC FpWN  lF F @@@F qC@@@
CF pd C  lkoA o FpWN F pOF lF D PvC
 lCkpGO Co uD ,voC   Pw@@ P@vok @@z
uD  ,voC , ,lCk pGO Co FpWN ,FpWN @
DF FpWN  l  D ,Co FpWN   lCk pGO Co
,phA ok qDF  DC ,lCl pGO Co uDlCN lCk pG@O@@
.lCkpGO Co uD
llV  p qC PhDz oD
F xwCpllV  DF voC l  vDvC OhC
w ok koCk CkC qpC DN  - p C F F xwCp@  -
.PvC PhDz oD
PwZ Dpd C lO ,lz C G ko Dk ok p@d @C
DOhDz PvoC  !?vDz PhDz DF Co PhDz
,PvC W  ((PvCp)) .lF  p :PvC w k pF
 ,koCk k F qD ,koCk oDF UDO@dC ,kp@ p@@ A o l@D@F
 Co p DOhDz .PvC ((oD kh)) ((PvC lF))
lO .Wv oD kh lF DOhDz DF loCkoD F qD@
DDN ,PvCp D DOhDz DN ,PvC  voC  pdC
e .oCl lFPhDz D A F D ,koCk e  oD F qD@
.PvC (()) e ?PwZ
oDp qC (()) ,v DFq ok oDF C CpF  PvDW@@C
 pk DzqoC OGC .l ClJ CkDC  yqoC ,kF
. p  koCk
d C lC  F lCh  O DwC l@@@
,l  CoA kF d  kF fe , e D  lvp@F
pC Z) kqCkpKF CpOvCDvopF F lDF C :lF Co oD C lDF
 o kpF lDF ,(kzm F DC b@ l@@@ @vop@F
kr qC @ zrJ D  vDz Pwq D DOVC S @ 
kV F Z ((v)) lF lCh w pC.l @D@@
,l D Dw o lDF kz WD@@ @@@Z l@A@
m,CpOvC DvopF pRC ok .koA Pvk F Co DO ,kp@FoD@A
Cp ,Dm ok .l ClJ kDA p  ClJ CpF
F Dpv EDF ok CS ,PvC rZ  v D  kz ClJ
.PvC Dpv D ,oDv SNDDhk  l p Mo
 yoD ,koCk oD F qD ClCp  PvC lC @ @C
Co oDF D pC .l DeOC  ok (Cop) l@F .P@vC
ok pC .l DeOC Dz o S l DeOCDD@w@C o
EAqC Pvok pC  PvC Pvok ,lC C ,lA ok EA qC Pvok
F DV ok oCk :DOVC Ddp S .PvC  lDok
DA qC  l MkCo Cl l@@ p@ .((@@Cp@N)) D@
dp x p ? d lDFZ Co CpN @ l@@vp@J@
.PvC Pvok cp Cl Ck D ?PvCPvok cp Cl .lk
, Cl  PvC Pvok Ddp C qC ClF @C Co
WO lk pC ,  Nl Co cp p .@@?P@w@@Z
.PvC  kCl WO lk pC  PvC PvokkCk
(voCD  vD D N  ) p A  PvD@W@@C
ok Dv lv CCpF (voC D  vD D N  @
.lz OhDz kkp Dk
Gn lD ok (( ))pRDN
 Dw ok ,koA kV F  C  N@@@ qC @@
.kqA ok Co DA CN  Dw ok  ,kF Gn Dw
 l cpCo co p  Co w iv CiF p@C @S@
 CoCk DwVkDFC  wV C pF @ D@w@C)) l@@@
((DADV))  ((DAkh))A HV F  PvC O@@@@d
Z F :F PvC  ,WwF voC uDvC pF ((PvC
A pC  ,lzDF PhDz  qC  k A  koDFk C ?@@k
F DN koDF k  A CpF ,PzCk @@k @F UD@@O@dC@ @@k
w D .PvC G F lF  ,lvpF oD@@@ k@hD@@O@hD@@z
p lC  ykh C .((koCk Clh @D@)):l@@@
Z F :vpJ C qC .PvC oD F l@qD@@ P@hD@@z @,P@vC
k ,k @C Cp@F .koA@ @@k ?koCk Cl@h @D@@@k
lvo oDkh DlC F pC PD@@ ok D@N koA@p@@k
.kz Oh H
Co lC kF d CN  oD DF  O pC DC
oCNCpFok S , ok Co DlC @ @C oD@F ok @@W@@w@F
! ClJD  ClJ Co Clh DWA ok GF pF ,DqD@@F
P D ,PvClhC F   ClJ Co rZ oCNCpF ok p@C
lzDF oCNCpF ok rZpC Z ,Pw Cl@h ,Cl@h p@@k @ P@vC
⁽¹⁵⁴⁾ .PvC pkMDi  S kle i
PhDz oD DN  O lO lkF pODC DF @ Cl@
D PvC PvokF CN  ok  oCk DOhDz  PvC
: DWCok xJ (Pw@@ @D@qA @FD@ @Z) P@vokD@
ok pF   lz ClJDJoC ok p C  kF C .((Ck@@))
 .((Ck)) :l,koCl ivDJ Gn   Dw@
 ,k p , PhDz  dPhDz oD l@@@ qp@C
Di pC  PvC Pvok lAok FD, ok pC @@@ ,P@vC
kz  ok  Cp  A ko okxJ ,PvC  l@Aok
 @ Pw D Pw oC  l CN@ kp@ kD@@J Co A
.((Ck)) : @ lzDF A oD lCN
ok  Z p :lO ,lOzCn pNCp  C qC Co DJ pk Cl
d,kp N Co A COF  e DF ,kq @e@ Co A C@O@F
  Co A  @ k N  e DF  @Z p@  P@vC
  ol PvC C Dpd kD .P@vC ok @ l@@@
 kp lDN  ,PvCok  kp lDN (Co Cl@C)
D  l lDN Co h,  PvC Mo C F D@
.oDC   llDN   PvC z C F
(( )) pF koC MDzC
Cp ko pF k voC D vD ,N @ CoCl@p@
qC  @oDC k D qC F qpC DOiGzh  lO@zCk kCp@C
OGC ,PvC lzcp oDFk @ pNDvo DF DF P kz p @
  C  CC F F voC  qC PDd @F @
pk ,lzDG G FD  C O .Pw G @FD@ p@@k
.lDDF DwC CpF 
 e PvC  DN  N l ?PwZ k @C
A pC ,Wv DF Co PhDz   ,PvC PhD@@z oD@@@
d pC  lk PGSWO , ok ,lzDF d ,P@hD@@z
PGS WO  ok Z xJ ,lkPGS WO  ok lzDG@
oD )) C kh  kp p N l.PvC d kCk
N.PvC PhDz  ykh  ,PvC lC  ((P@vC@@l@C
⁽¹⁵⁵⁾ .Ck   p voC oCk Mkh
PvCC D ((PvC lC oD ))   @@
 ok,lk WO  ok lzDF Pvok p C p@C)) @
.((Pw PvokxJ kCl WO  ok ,PvC Pvok xJ kCk WO
oD Co C N .PvC PhDz ,PvC voC uD @ @C k@h
oCp oD  PvC  F OwFC PhDzDWC ok  qDF .CkCk oCp
.PvC Op
pC pC))  N  p  :lF w PvC 
xJ lk WO ok Z  lk WO  ok lzDF Pvok
,C kh ?lzDG   lzDFPvok   DW qC ((P@vC P@vok
FCo    N .lChoD  PvC PhD@@z @
  .koCk kV ,kCk  WO @d @@l@C D@@
qC PhDz  ((koCk kV   PhDz DFCo  ))
PhDzC C lDz ?lz Pvok DW qC PhDz C kh .PvCDV
,PhDz  ,lzDF ((Pw   PhDz D CFCo)) @
 ok  lzDF  ,PhDz  ll WO  ok  lzDF d
CN ? PFDR oDZ DF Co C .llF P@vok @W@@O@
C  yphA . PFDR CN DF  Co C @ @@F
F ,((oDkh PhDz)) F lvo qDF .PvC @l@F p@@k
.lkF lvo DvoC pd D
v DzC
 PvCC A  ,PvC A VO  vCo  PvC pNDF ,D@@zC @C
C ,PvC ((PvC  oD)) l  OhD@z A @C
 ok hCk  lzOp p ok oDkh PhDz @ ,k@h
ok lzDF Pvok PhDz pC N Cpq ?CpZ ,kz@ @@voC
lF (oCk G  Co C lvCo) .lk @W@@O@ @@
C l .PvC Pvok xJ kCk WO ok C Z 
WO  ok lzDF P@vok P@hD@@z p@C)).P@vC @@ ,p@d
xJ kCk W@O@ @@ ok p@C)) @ P@vC P@vok((l@k@
F cC F ?oZ .Pw Pvok ((PvC PvokPhDz
zC pC))  iv C qC S .l@@ ((@C q)) A
oDZ F ,PpWO CN Mo oDZ ((PvC kp lzDF kp
 PvC kplzDF kp pC :l@l@C A o C@N@ @@z
Pvok WO C  ((PvCkp xJ)) :PvC C WO ,Pvkp
kp xJ pF WO  ,PvC kp F @@C k .P@vC
WO  ,Pw kp  F A@v .P@vC @@ @ ,P@vC
kp  F C oDZ  .PvC  ,Pw kp xJ pF
F D  .PvC Pvok  ,Pw kp xJ pFWO  ,Pw@
koCp r Co z  pC .pF WO CN MooDZ
:l ClJ PDdoDZ ,Pw ((E)) lzDF ((C)) pC :F 
E)) ,PvC Pvok PDd C((PvC E pF WO ,P@vC @C))
E xJ Pw C)) ,PvC  PDd@C ((,P@vC @C x@J P@vC
.PvC Pvok ((Pw C xJ Pw E))  ,PvC ((Pw
 ok,lzDF Pd ,PhDz   lC  pC  N Dd
ok Z)) lF . G Co C   ,lk WO
pC F  PvC C SC ,((PvC Pvok xJ kCk WO 
PvC kp Z)) F lF PvC kp xJ lzDF kp z @C
kp kp p  PvC kp kpp , ,((Pvkp x@J
MDGRC qC  kz WO k MDGRC CMDGRC qC @ ,P@w@@
lA q k  C  qC ,kz WO CMDGRC @k
(())  PvDWC .lA q C  ,k  qC
.kz DzC oDZk
(( )) oDFok vCo iv
p))l Dz l ,lq pd Eh DWC ok vCo
C l .((PvCkCk WO  ok C k F PvC P@vok
D p DWC ok  lPFDR Dz  PvC @@ @O@ p@d
  .lzDF Pvok ok  koCl kV pk D@p@
qC p Cp ,p lZ A D ok lzDF p lZ  PvC
lD)  ok  lzDF Pvok  lzDF OzCk kVr D p@ @C
PvC fe O iv C pk MoDG F).llF WO(D @p@
Fpe lk PGS WO  ok  Cp k@z P@FD@R@
EDFok uF p p (DS C F .PvC p@ @@@
lOkh DF DA .kCk  OGC ?kCk WO  ok @C
lzoh Ppd lpaF q ok F lzoh  lzDF rp q pC
 p   lzDF p ok S  D  lzDF C @ @FD@N
 Hz  ok lzDF OzCk NDpdDZ C   xz 
l DW p .lz  wh  ,kzwh e 
Co Dw  Dwh ,uF Dp  Dp DuDvC p@F
ok D qC oDwF  C ?lkp F J k o@@F
Co pKp Z ,PvC  uF p lCk  @C
uDvC pF Co w wh MDGvDe ,PvC pO D lOw@@ l@@F
,lp  Pvok WO lk DWC uF  P@@
lDF ,lpaF q ok F lzoh lzDF rp q pC @Z ?Cp@Z
rp  lzoh pC  ,kz C eA  PDv A ok @w@h
wh e D ok lDF qDF ,kkpF lzohok F @q  l@zD@F
wh e A ok ,lzDF Pvok p C pC @@.k@z @C
ok wh ,lzDF P@vok @ k @@p@ p@C  ,k@z@@C
p k C qC   pC x@J .k@z@ @C @@e@D@@
 p  kz k ,kCk W@@O@ l@k  kp@(@Fp@W@N)
.lvo WO  F  pk p A Z ,lzDFPvok
pk DS k
 ,Dh,C ,NA ,EA :DoDZ pD p uDvC pF l@ H@
hC uDvC pF ,MkpF ,MoCpd ,PvG ,PFo :DoDZ DG
Cla qpC zrJ .kFoCOvC Cp  Ckv ,F ,h :DoDZ
DG  ,koCk G Co DoDZpD  ,koCl G@ Co D@@@C qC
PvC lz PFDR qpC  p qC .Co DoDZhC   Co DoDZ
Dp uDvC pF qpk H DA .Pw Pvok DCqC Cla @
WDCo p b l DGC DC !?kp WD ykh
Co Dp DvF DA !?lkp WD Co Gd !?lkp@@@
oCk  DoDF qCF ok P CN F !?kp WD
H qC pN  ok lH ,pOk S ,lz @@ Cp@@hC
Pvok WO F  p DuDvC pF  ,P@vC k@F l@l@V
Pvok WO F lzDF Pvok CppC))  C xJ .lvo@
 p lDz .PvC  ((PvC Pvok pkh DOd lvo
.lvo WO D F fe p  lvpF CWOF
qC PDvok pO 50 Ppv DF oD : p p@k D@S@
100 PpvDF pk oD  l Ppd l@ @v @F Cp@@N
kr kp .l PpdCpN Pv F l qC PDv ok pO@@
 l Ppd h  o DC :l F J Z kh
pl DF DR   PDv  pvloCl C pl@@ k@V qC
F CpN qC  oD :lzDF x pF DDNC .l@@ kD@@N
PDv ok pO 50 PDv ok pO 100 PpvDF ko l@@
50 Ppv DF CpN oD l  kp@ @C D@d .l@@P@p@d
S  l Ppd pO 100 Ppv DF l oD pO@@@@
) ,PvC yCp l kDN pl DF Hz 8 PD@vok
,(PvC Pvok) lkDN  DF k  pv ( C F J
,Pvok     ,p kldC A ok PvC  Z ?CpZ
.lvpF WO  F
@ G Co ((lvo Pvok WO F Pvok p)) x@J
p)) C B koCl P koC hpF ok  C kh OGC @
CpF k ((PvC PvokyCp xJ lvo Pvok WO F Z
p ph N D pv)) p @F @ P@vD@W@@C .P@w@@
C :  :l lvo DWC F @vCo .((l@@@
F  lF  ,lvo WO FlzDF Pvok p@C @ @@p@
Pvok O  pd C .PvC Pvok p xJ lvo W@O@
 rV  ClF ,lzDG oD ok  p qC p pkp  PvC
 F CN rp   ,vDz pOF DWC ok@p@
p C qC  C  PvDWC .Pw@ oD@ ok @@p@ @r@V
⁽¹⁵⁶⁾ .lvo PwFFF