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 OzCk   v joDN ok q @ P@w@@C k @l@@ .E
ok  DGCp  kF z C  .lzDF OzCk PvC OwC@N@D@
ko ok ,kF F ,kF CpD ko ok  e WO@
 lCq  kp F Plh  Dh X  D A  ,DGCpDzC
lF ,l lzo C do DkClOvC A l@F (P@vC)kCkp@@z
DJ  Pvk Z p ,l ClJ Piz  lFDF C PFpN N @C
Z p ,pNDGCp  pOF pNDFqF Z p ,pNDGCp  pOFpNOw@z
pNDAD Z p ,pOF pNkCoCF Z p  ,pOF  pNDGCppNp@G@h@F
pNpF  pO Z p  ,pOF pNkCoCEw  pNpvCZ p ,pOF
:lk N Co DwC DwC Piz  C v qC .pO@@F
, C ok  .pOF lzDF OzCl Z p ,Ph ,kCqA,@D@A
k  .Pw Ckp DV G DC Pw kp kp@@G@@@ q
Co pd  p  ,pF ll Co q  kp MDNDvDvC  Pw@C
 DOvk ko Co q  oCkpF PvC C @F@O@w@F q Cp@O@dC @
ok .pGF D qC F Co pd  D ,koCp D oCkpFp@F
ok pOF   DFF DC joDN D  kFi@z ,q ,@@ @C
ld DN  A ok q pk MoDG F .PvCkF joDN kDw@ P@@V
  DGCp   , DC ,kFDGCp  EGe@  r@r@
iz DC kF ((iz))  k ok  .DG@Cp@ ((@z))
.DFF
 lzDF ((DGCp iz))  PvC A v HO D  @v @@
DwC Dh DkClOvC lzo  :P@vC @O@w@FC r@@Z k @FA
 CnOFC qC ok pk  ,Ph  oDOFC Mol ,kCoC ,@@@@@
OzCl  ok DkClOvC lzo xJ ,kF kp pp@Fko@
.OhC   PvGe   pd ,HO Cok .pd
pk joDN  lzDF e pn P@vC @@@ j@oD@N @ p@@C qC
joDN   ,lzDF lJ OhC vC F  lzDF Oi PvC@@@
oCl ok kp  e C F DC lzDF T pn P@vC @@@p@@k
joDN ok pR D q D@ x@J .yk@h oCl@ ok q yk@h
D  ,kp aqDF Pd ok  Oi DC PvC DD ,Pw
.ykh oCl okDC PvC D
.PvC kF pR D p Ap N G @G@n@ j@oD@N ok q
DF DC PvC DwC  PvC T pn Ap Gn joD@N@@@
,PvC ((Tn)) pk MoDG F , p F Dh D@oCl@@@d
.PvCUq
.Ckp TeF oDF C ok ⁽³⁷²⁾((Ap ok q)) Do ok
PvC Uq joDN  PvC ((DwC)) joDN  r @Fp@ @RkD@d
PvC T  pn ,T   pn @ P@vC ((T@n@)) ,kp@@
qDG v    DWA DN q D l F .e pn@
P@d ok  @CoA ok Co k@h @@  (koCk) Co @Cp@Z@@Z
rp ,lF @ Ckp  A @ kp e F l@@i@F@o
.koCl joDN ok pR Ow 
Ow p joDN ok Co q Owp pRDN vDvC  D@ @O@G@C
.Co joDN kp  ,pz  lqp qC C kqDv Co kp q lCO@@
.PvC Ow  ok DTeF
Cl  wl Dq qC ,l  xl Ckp@ MCqC@ @F Ap@
N D pNDF @@F @l@ Ckp@ l@d ok @ l@@@kD@
,pVD ,oDv ,kA pw .lD Pz ok p qC Dp@q.l@C@O@zCk
Dq (pR) Cpq Mpd ,p ,v pCh ,@v@okD@ , @@vA
.PvC vC joDN wl kh Wlh.lAp wl
 OD ,MCpVD  @p@VD@@ ,MD@@@  @@@@ qC Ap@
.PvC kp kD ... MDeD  eD ,MDkD  kD,MDOD
pz DWA qC  PvC D  Hp p  q D@@A @@@F ok
Co w C  kz w kA pF Cd p qC Dz kz@
C Ap  ,Co kp q  lk Hp Co q Dz lD@vo@
.koClG Co 
:PvC Pw lZ DW (vD) Hq Gh ok .16
:P .C
 pGC MDo  C !liC olC  OiC C D ,@C @C D@))
⁽³⁷³⁾((...HWCC C   ...S DC ,prC MCl
:DDGOzC F DA OhDv DA .E
,DoDF O  DoDF OFC l ,DGDF DpdC @@D@ C@@FD@))
l  GC NDh v O dpN C  ,Cl@FC D@@@dp@N@
p  Frd mD  Fpd m  WC C EDGz l@@v @D@vp@C
 OND l C VpC OqD r   vC @@@v
⁽³⁷⁴⁾((.OWe oD  WWdol
:lkp Z pGJ DF  C peN .U
 ,OS l C  ,Op C @vp@ l@G@ C ol@NC @@@))
k C  ,@O@@O@ @ @p@d C  ,@Nqp@FC @ @@p@C
⁽³⁷⁵⁾((.Ov
:oD C kDC P
⁽³⁷⁶⁾((... pO MCwC kDNC CkC Dz OV l))
:C DOC .k
i   oClGC re  Vr D C @@i@O@w@ @))
⁽³⁷⁷⁾((.kDpDG   D Fo C  ,oDSC M
pz lZ DJ  P  CO ((@G@N)) T@e@F ok .17
qC rpJ  p Dv CliOvC ,DJ k@h C@O@e@ D@@:koCk
.DJ Dd Piz ,fe lO qC kDOvC ,lDv
DdCpz oDFok  TeF  :PvC H k oDFok  D TeF
PF C Piz pRDN oD@Fok @@i@z @S@e@F p@@k ,D@@J
vC C  ,koCk GV k DGN OGC @ ,D@@@@@G@Nok
.lOhDv DA DC PD F Co kp C pk ,llDvDzCo
CkpJ Z ,lkF OhDv Cq Z lk lDF k Pw @F @VCo
lOvCh Z  lkF Z  lk@F l@@@ D@C op@F
ok kDq pwJ .llok Co D kpJ C PF C Z  l@k@@C
nC leC)) :l Hq Mpd F EDh ykhx@W@
EnC)) V qC  ((O@Rl@dC En@C  @@e@@ @@@O@
pF k pOF !lGF lF lCh  PvClJ D((ORldC
PwC kF dD Dz Div  lzDF D Pvk lDF d F ,PdC
 PvC Dw  , C .kp E Co D@@z l@Cl@h@
 lCk Clh DC CpA k   pOF Co kV 
xJ Pw Z ,kpF F qC CpA ykh Clh @ k@F@l@F p@C
Z ,lzDF lDF  Pw D PvC CFCo ,lzDF lDF P@vC P@vok
PDV ok DaA ⁽³⁷⁸⁾PvC Eh  l@zD@F l@D@Fx@J P@w@
DaA D  ⁽³⁷⁹⁾((,C CD   C)):lO@@
DN  rN  DN  C rN  DN  C NN))p A
 C  .l pGN  pwN oC Co ⁽³⁸⁰⁾((DN n@N 
:lk ECV Hq DC .PvC D
,CpN xVpC  Dp  le GF DpC n@C l@@e@C))
⁽³⁸¹⁾((.leC Dp   pVDC En  vDC fODC
:PD ,hDF C  PCo  :P kDq FC
F C Wv  ,VD C CqpG OC @ C H@O@))
H ...DVp FC D C OG ,XC   pD ,@@@F
p weC F   O ⁽³⁸²⁾((...D@@O@vC  kD@q@FC
F  DC :D ?PC )) :l (kDq FC) ,kDq pwJpF kz
:()   D ?weC F  C O l xC :D.w@e@C
,O C F :kDq FC  D .uDC O ,D wgC @ D@ l@
kDq FC H ...DN d xC O C :weCF  D@
CFpD F CGmC ! kp F   FC@W@ Cp@V@F  :D@@
⁽³⁸³⁾((...
CppGV  PvCh kDq pwJ  kz zo @W@ qC
F phDF DpV p .lk oCp kh oD COJ Co Cpl ok
NDGN V .koCk UDOdC PDd  DGOJ CpF C@w@@@
.lV  DF Dw  PvCDWA
lOzCn  kF C DkV oDRA qC @ ,p@G@@@@J P@@F @C
.kpF DJ zk DCw
lOwCN zk kh v F ,kr qC  kF C D@zp@@k oD@
MCpV kCpC  kDdA G  @No@ ok ,l@p@@@F uD@@N kp@D@F
GpN qC kDOvC .kp kDOvC zk GpN qC Hq .lOzCluDN
.PvC l zk Dh DN Co V Pd okzk
kh C Piz p CpF Pp qC (DC PF C) kDOvC
:lO kp D .EC D@@D@J @F l@kp@ @l@G@N Co @@
⁽³⁸⁴⁾((...FDGz  Cph))
k DA Oo qC lF  DA Oo qC G ,Co F  Dz   DW@
lF  koA kV F Co FCN  lz DaA @ E@@C .k@Fo@V
 DF V ok kDq FC  kp D kDq FC  Dz  @
pD C lWw ok  PvC A ypRC Dz (ok) lz O D@
kF C P kp  Co kh yo phA Dqolr C .P
DpOe  Dp (DC PF C) kCk oOvk C  kFlz E @
kCk oOvk pd D ok C .kF PV  F lkpqDFl@ @F
.kF PV  F l weC F  pODi
pO DOzCkkD
?PzCk h oOvk wd DC DA
PvC ee Tld :l CozD joD@N @vop@F @l@@ ok
F Cpd)) : l ,D xp qC pGO oDwF lv F Dok
d ,kp PDFp :kp p () pDF DC F @D@G@@z@@C
wd  wC  CpC lq ok Co aAlD@p@@
aA  CGv  kDV  P  Uph qC lz CwC D@@
pF aA  PF  CoDGV Pvk F lz O qC llzoDOp ClF
:kp Mpd ?lO E  llz O phDFDN lA D@zp@v
d kh  kF kp ol DC CpF DN ClhOG@C l@z @a@A
D  ,kp CpVC CpA xKv  kF OhDv Od  kD@C  kp@
 C m  lOG)) wC  wd w@d  @@
DA F Clh vo qC  kF oOvk  @ @@FD@vD@F ((C @vo
lDF .((kF oOvk   o qC kp Mv DC p  ,kF lvo
.kz VCp phA pv CpF DipGh C F
lz Oz h DF  DJ ,Fp C
A qC xJ ⁽³⁸⁵⁾(179 )  Cp@@i@v ok @O@A @dp@ .1
TeF C PDC  joDN lzD piwN p  Mol F VCo@dp@z
  kp CpF Co kDq FC V DJCpv yoCr ,l@@
:P  lz pG F  Po  C lWwF  l
,Frd  lr CpC p  ,C  eC pC nC leC))
ok ⁽³⁸⁶⁾((.O@z  @@w@e@C ECn@@C @FC ECn@@C @O@
krh DKF kF C  ((lD kqC  F ClG))DW@@C
 MolJ  N ok pwJ ok !DVp@ p@w@J)) :l@@@
 C PGD DN ((PvC kDOvp Cp Pd F Co N @@w@
.kzO
oDO C pv pF DV ,oCorF kp C)) :l O@A @dp@
qC e  DC ,lz OiA oCk F  O kDq FC oOvk@F  kD@@
kh h DF Co CozD joDN qC Ce@  P@hD@v @zoCo j@oD@N
.((Pz
 eC C pN C)) :G qC DV :P lDF P@@@@d ok
((... DO  DGC C  ,F
((...CpDV DDv Co  !uDC DC))
((...lC FC lC C  C))
((nCD MD))
((...k    C))
((...oDC Eo  C MC))
((Cv kG  ...DF Do))
((...kA l  MC h))
 h o  ,lz Oz @h D@F @@ ,D@@@@V @C D@S@C 
.PvDo pNDD  pNPFDRrp
Slz Oz h DF  PvC D  CozD D  QkCd DC
Z ,CVD pRC ok kp d ok kz  D  Dw
kh P kh h DF  kh PC DF ,k@z@@ Cl@@J n@D@ 
okh h DF Co CV ,EC P F kCpC D  ,lwCo
.lw e 
Co kh Pvk DDJ ,DV  Fp l DDJ qC @@F ok
Co ok Ozn kh qC P F lkpF p h qC p ok
.DJC
 h l@@zD@J  ((@@o Cl@G@)) MkD@@z D@p@V
.lz Oz h DF  PvC Ce  ,kh oChpz
v CpD) DpV  qC xJ ClGDFC kh  @ CpD @ lCO@z@
F (Co h hpJ P@vk) (ko@h Mp@@d A @D@@@J @F@
⁽³⁸⁷⁾((.lV C Od Cn)) :kp  lDNo
kh DA ?kp Mk Co DA  Pz D p@F kp@ @F D@C Cp@Z .2
ok CpZ C pNDF  ?kG EC  rph vN CpF @@
DOdC DA ?kDOvp lvCF D F Co p F HGd Co@zD@H@z
Dw  CoD CpZ .ClFC ?kF oD ok l PD lCOF lvCF@C
GCk CpZ  ?lO pF p qC Co kh  kp Cr@CCo k@h
?PpnJ lz OCpF Co DA
 pV C  kDO@C  Cp@O@C P@vC@h@ D@@@i@ D@C D@A
kh h DF (Co vC DJ phDF ) CiOd  CiOClkDp
Co Ck DGh DC ?k DJ rp  lwF pOF l@
joDN .l kCpC PwFF ok  qC xJ  p@d D@F ko@hp@FqC x@J
kz DJ rp lz Oz h DF  Div  lkD@
PDd lC  N @  @@h  P@Cl@ D@@qC Cp@q
.PvC pk D  lz .l
DDJ  Div  DD  lkF D @@v qC oD@@w@F
PvC kF Chkh oDC ,lCOzCl DDwC CpF DJ l@@Zp@)
lCkp d (r D) v Dd pF CpA ,lDF D@F (x@F
rp  !!!DClh kCt qC ,kCt krC ,F , DDz Dz @ @S@@
 DWA ok  l PGR kp Dv  D@k ok D@@O@z@@C
e ok A lF wd DC DJ lD DDJ DC .PvCOp@@
Dp C DF  Dzkh h DF Z ,kz d r dD @@v
lD  lz d Dv  Dk ok ,lz PGR C@ Cqp@ @e@@o
we C) lD DF  CpF ,DGC k ok d Co@h
 MDD pOD ok ⁽³⁸⁸⁾,((C E  G@e@
kpF  ,C MDvDwdC qC lz D Dk  DWA DN lz PGR DdorCp
lv  oCr  ok  lCk Clh  ,kqDv oDV Co DzCD
Z ?CpZ .PvC Op  qC E lD zC N oCr l@ZD@v
dpC  W@@v MD@e@D@@C C@@@  C@@C @n@CC))
 DzA k DA DJ Z ,lkF Pd DvoDJ Z,⁽³⁸⁹⁾((Ck
.kF oD ok kp  Clh iv ,kG D   iv Z,kF DzA Mp
lF qC DvA Hv  co P ,wC  ClClv
:l ((GO)) .1

CoDG uC PD CmC 

⁽³⁹⁰⁾DwVC DkCp  PGN

l  loCl kok kh qC Z Z@ D@@@do @@o@@F
h DwV DOvCh ok DDl  Dkok @@)l@oCl@
 C F ,lqClC Pdq F Co DN ,loCl AlC (kz
orF Ddo DC ,l PD l eNq@ok @F
,lk oCp F  Pdq ok  loCk C PpdF Co N @@@
CpF MkDz PV  F .kz lpF Dzpv ODz Dp@
DizC C (ok) .PvC DA x P D ,PvC oDiOC DA
 lF .PvC oCzk lF oD PvC pOorF DwVqC Ddo @
pwF DoCklqHz  V D DF lDF kqDwF  coDF lCh pC
N .kpGF oN N Co pv  lGF MCqDW  kh dDqC DDdC ,kp@F
qClCF N kDA lDF l wd co DF lCiFpC @@w@d
nD pN Dhq kD@A ,(@O@o) H@vC @vp@q kD@A ,l@zD@F
 ,lz CN Z co  DF  lF DdF Dzh ⁽³⁹¹⁾.lzDF
D kqk  qok P F ,l CpCpF Co DNDv  o@v
.l N PwJ kA  PDVP F ,l N
 lZ .PvC CN orF  pz co  DF  l@F D@d @F C
qC ,llF DJ  qC lDF Pdq F  lA p pOF VD@
HCp kpF Ovk F ok lDF qo ,l oCklqHz lDF pA
Co CoDGN kp  kpF Pvk F pz D ,lzDF DO@VC@@
...kpF oN N pv qo ,lrF
  wC)) :lDp O oDFok wC @@ @@ .2
Cd x ,x qC kCp DWC ⁽³⁹²⁾.dCo   uDC,H@N
PdCo Hv l  DvA ok DA DvA C @F P@vC oD@zC,P@vC
.PvC CpkqC
kp PCo () pC pG@J qC @ () @@w@d D@C @@@V .3
⁽³⁹³⁾((DDwv G  oC @D@@ H@e@ C C)):P@vC
DF yoDpv ,koCl oDpv wV PwJ oC DF DC co lDvo
.PvC lF D D
okD    p  ,PvC wV oCrOlh ,co F CpF .4
DN co,PvC pvC co ,PvC Cd  lF  DwV Dl Plh
,l Xo uDwdC Od Z co Z pC kpF Xo ld
 kokuDwdC pC ,lF Xo  kok uDwdC  lzDF orF l@D@F co
.kp oCp wV Plh ok  Pw Z lF Xo
:pz C .5

DGWC  piC 

DVpC   C HdC

oD HwC   uDC 

⁽³⁹⁴⁾CwC m  oDC D

.PvC co orF pDh F lF kDOC Xo F qC oCk
MD@@...@l@C @F @l@C C  C)) :k@p@ D@C @@@C .6
P pDh F PvC lF kDOC Pdq F qC oCk((,nCD@@
.co
lD ,Dk GV qC ,D@@  kD@e@NC @@ ok l@F  co .7
qC  lzDF ClV  qC lCN  lDF DCrC p qC  l@ok
:lOw l   lOw o k pkp
  EDGvC Hw ok N  pz  pN olC DV 
p kp lzo  pk  F Cl p lD Z@ @ P@vC @C
.PvC pk op FCl
fC  k .lOw lF Cpz  FC l@@@ .8
pNDF q  DA  MDN  oDC  DqoA C qC DA co C:P@vC
ok w pC DC .Pw q DF do  Pw q DF w@V.P@vC
q DF  lk rN ykh  ok olA Co kh lCO@F@G@ @@
 ,PvC G  DC C ,l MpzD  kD@@C ok kD@
h ,kh kCk rN Mol  koCk Co kh kCk rNMol kz
.PvCkDC
oGW DJ C ok Di@zC D@F @ P@vC l@A @@J @ Cp@F
  Clk .CkF C ECn ok . lq ODvCkF
.Ckp yCp Co ND   ,rF DA DF oClpd
co oCorF  orF
.koCk  GV ,PvC MoDd  Z FD@@ ok co @or@F .9
,PvC v  orF lC  ,P@vC or@F qoA @ or@Fco
koCk qoA A .PvC orF P  ,PvC orF kCoC  C@h@
CN qoA F Dh qoA  O@G@C @ k@z C @i@z Mp@Rok
:p D  F .koCk orF co  @ PpdDF
,kF lFph kp N llvpJ Co DOwWiC ClG F l@@dC))
DOwWh ok xkDF F :P ?kDOC @Z D@vCp@h p@@C@F
:lvo PF k lF ,lCh  wkDF d Ckqo

PvC ok pz D F p pO

WF pz D q  ph z

DV  P  r  orF D

oDo p PCkp Z D

kF  PDd A ok V b @F @ l@A l@l@J @ ok C@@Ck
h  qC  lph HvC  OhpF Cph .kF OwC@O@@Co
HGv  C...lz (oD) TC F  Plh F  kpP@@do
.((kF PFk C
ol qC  F ,lk N MoDd  Z  @@ @F or@F co
.kz Cokh

Co  kh ol qC  F

qDF kp  W  F