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wd P ok p qC   p F pC p
wd P ok pR C
dpC dpC C wF
wC  C ,VC iC oDF ,@D@@C Eo  l@@e@C
FC D  DG  Dlv ,  GG@d  @@vo  Cl@G@@@
 DF mC .C pDC GC A  l@@e@@vD@@C
:VpCDC
ND WC  DF CC  wC C  p@O@zC C C
 WC  oOC  Dd  Cl  O  O C Gv@
m F ODF nC GF CpGOvD C  lF C   ApC
eDwC lD@e@C l@FD@@C @GD@O@C ,@@@@C q@@C@
DeC  pC  DC pDF pC lVDwCpC
⁽¹⁾ C pF  Ckle
P ok p qC   p@ @F p@C p@@@ oD@Fok D@ T@e@F
P ok p C DA  PvC C oDFok TeF C .PvC@@@w@d
DrZ qC  DA pk MoDG F  , D PvC OzCk PDhkw@d
 p F pC ,kp P  Ppd C F oCkC Co () wdDC 
Z P C ok p C PDhk Vok DDR  ? D kF pqC 
?PvCqClC
 wC  wd DC pnN  oCkCr w  Ck @@
lqA pDh F ,kz llWN lDF Dv F Dv oDC C NF
.PvC orF oDwF ioDN uok   PvC A p@D@h @F ,P@vCA
lDF C ,llF oCp ykh kDOvC ko DwC Co uol CCp@F
.l d  lF Co uokA
pR wd P ok  pD@ @@W@ oD@Fok @ H@@C
  p F pC oDFok xKv , TeF DVC o FlCkF
 pOwG  pOF TeF ,PvC P C C p @p@@@ qC
. pNcp
  ,PvC OzCk PDhk klO C @@w@d P@@@ ok
D  ioDN p qC C DF RkDd @C @ P@vC l@z H@G@vp@C
kpF J p qC  pwN pqC ,koCl kDq N  ,ev
qC  .lzDF laJ oDwF oDwF ioDN orF C CPD@ @F 
qC DkDOvC v DDdC  lz RkDd C oDFok DpwNC 
qC PvC DOvCk C laJ ,PvC lz orF   @RkD@d@C
Cok D .lCkF pR RkDd C lA kV F ok  pD@p@@
OvCh PF qC iv DV  ok :oh pF kDq Dw FRkDd
pk DV ok .PvC kp P@F C D@C D@@O@C  @@w@d D@CqC
DV ok .PvCo Mk C DC OpnJ  DC qC @@ kp@M@k
qC DOC  OvCh PF w F VN lF  o FDC ,p@k
C qC  kp  lF w C F VN DvDvC ClF  PF
 Dq DC qC ,lC kp D lCkp Mk Co C ,lCOvC@hP@@@F
,kz pnO Co kDw z l kDO@C ,P@ P@@@d@
 ,lD DF Co lz d l oA kD Co vC PDp@@@@N
Z FD ok  PvC C Dw kp   lP@A
PF qC iv  DC F D C ok .lzDG@ P@D@v@RkC@d
,lCh C qC lr  OF qC iv  .Mk qC iv  koA
.lC kp C qC  kp  NkqC iv  
w DA ?kF PF Dw ,Dw@ D@A ?P@vC oCp@ @Z qC @@@
MCp z D  kDOC  CpOC Dw ,Dw DA ?kF MkDw
VN vDvC Z pF D Co Dw C ?kF DD C qC @@Cl@k@F
lr ok  DC p D F  fC MDN Z F ?
wd DC  D ok DF @i@D@F ?k@F @G@ D@okD@F
V b F wC  wd DC  kp f DDF wC
.kpz rDV Co e Z  PzCl lr DF fpv
kF hk  pR ,C C   PvC C H@@@ P@@@@d
C  FD ok DC  OzCk kV C C @@ @@@.P@vC
D  DC x qC CoDJ PvC kCk D C xC@
DC MDN qC CoDJ ,PvC PF pF CoDJ qC DOC uDvCp@F D@C
 DkDw  MCp DF qoDG uDvC  PvC kp Mk uD@vCp@F
RkDd ok pD C  PvC OzCk kV D@d p@ @F D@q Aok
p qC  NDN  DCx qC PvC CW@ @Fp@
.PvC OzCk PDhk lz mDiNC wC  ClGDFC ulkV
PF D
olZ D C   Te@F P@@@F @D@w@ oD@Fok Cl@O@FC
kCk D C x Z Ch PF FD ok DC  PzCkPDhk
.kp EDWC C Z DC CpF OvCh PFDN 
Ro Ph PGSN - 1 :lr DF PF ok kV lw k
Pd F  Z DF Dv FC F D  @Cl@@@z @@
olA wC  wd DC EDeC A qC l@@F .l@@vo P@@h
DC D DF P kCk oCp  wd DC ,l@kCk D@@@O@w@v
 uDvC C pF F ,D Pd  Ph uDvCp@F@ l@@@
 l Pd kle Ml CpF l Pd lChpC D
c  Co w A  ,Dzkh oDOhC  lzDF @w@A qC l@@F
w A DGk F pk MoDG F  ,l EDiOC PhF ,lCk@
pC pGJ p qC  (koCkCo Ph Pd) lkiN 
 ,Ph  Pd Dw D Dq DN .lpF PvC lzE@
kV p qp k DN A oDFok  kF CDw ,kG RoDw
PvC w OwDz    ,Ph  kF C p qp .PzCk
 kF C pk p  .lzDF kp E Co C Clh pC F pG@J@
C Dd p F .l EDiOC Dzkh CpF @h l@oCk @dkp@
lF h CpF Co kp N h   kG Dok D@w@
DV kh CpF  C ,l  DV kh CpF,l@ @@@
  lzDF pGJ  oCl pCk  Ph Dw pk ...  l @
.lzDF OzCk ODhk C EDiOCok w
 lDW De@@ A ok @w@d D@C @ @Cp@z qC @@
wd DC F (pk Cpz  lD) kp  A F DepD
CpF  pk  kpF F qC  P Pw DF D@@i@Co
 kF  ,lzDG oD ok l cC F  lD D@F D@kC@C
ykh ,kpF ykh qC lF w CpF N koCl dD
DF oDOhC pk lF ,Pw ,Pw vC D@k Cp@F @O@G@@@p@
qC D N DC .lzDG D DF oDOhC Dd p F  lzDFw@
 kz UoDh ClDh qC Ph koCn  kF C C DqoD@
.koA ok Pv z F Co Ph  l oD ,ho@ @@F
.koCl lDw q  oD C  kp uD@w@dC C k@h@
D ok kh Dh DOvk DF  llC kDq H@@ @CoD@Fok
C  kp p  PzCl Co A oDC MCp@V @P@zCn@@
.kz H
kp WN oD C F Co C  w lCOz ho @ o@@A
 A ,kF Gz F p ,PvC  oD C  PhDv @@
 C  Dd G .kF OwF  Pd F   pDh@F
D qC C .kF PdCoD ,kF kp r Co C D C qC,kF
GNp k C CpF .PvC Ep@ MD@k qC c@@C @F  D@@p@q
Dz F Po  Mo C F ,l C kkppF  PdF
DN N oDFok D CpZ Ck :P D@ @F l@r@@F 
kp F ykh DV C F CpN CpZ ?PwZ  pk,l
  C  l p olJ :P lr ?l @p@@
kp l p ?loCk F DW qC Dz .PvC  ,:P Pw
PDC Dz kp lF D Z p ?kp l@@C@i@@@ D@W@
F Co x  pC ,l kp DC .Pw CpDA qC  ,l@@
 pO DV  qC .lk DWC Co C C l@@O@vp@@F D@W@A
. l F  C ,PvC() Cp pODph
O iv Z p l  ko@ @D@@ kr@ l@r@
   DF  DFq EpZ DF C .lCh Co p D@.P@vC
 Co  oD  PvC kDA q  l D Co D PwCNPzCk
GNp k  D .k DWC kh PvC pO  pOOiv qC
qC lF DpV C OGC) .kkppF  F  kp okD@ @FC CCp@F
(PvC D p phA DDv ok  wC  G@O@W@D@C MD@
F lz oGW D .lkp G l   kp .koCkDDpV
kp CpOdC ko  Dw  ,l C Dvo.kp@F @@l@
F ClG  pFq F ClG ,wC  wd DCMp@d ,l@k@F
vC Pe C C F DN lz DFq EpZ DF.PvCh Co p@
 lzDF lr Pvk ok pD Pd  l EDWCoC 
PF  lDF Dz ,ll go kp D OhC DN Dz Pvkok oD
DA  .l D Co DA ,lzDF Dz Pvk ok oC Dq @,l@@@
DF lF .l  PvCh D  oA oD C  lkp@G@
DA  l kC Z kp F PvCh l lWw ok@@p@@
.Pp  p A  ,lkp G llz pDd
F eD  kF lr ypwJ  Cp Piv kp D D@@
oDOo oC pFq F ClG DF ,Op PF CpF N :P@ .kp@C
wC   F wdDF , oDOo oA p F ClGD@F ,@
p  o DF () wd DC DF kCk oOvk Di . oDOoC
ok  PD ,PvC pGJ lqp C :P .l@ oD@O@okD@q
oDOo Ph F  F wd DF C qC upOF  ,koCk wD
DF wd DCDF lr pC  kp F J D @D@@.@@
lCi pk ,kqDv kA C h F Co kh Pvk  l oDOoPh
.Po lCh pF DvFC ClDh qC Ph  l PhPw@C@N
DF J lD C DF J kF pq oDwF kp@D@@
Eh  .lA ok EA qC Eh DGD p@@k oCl@@O@vD@@vp@
.l F J PwCN Eh l
ok C qC  kF kp@ D@@D@R  ,k@F C@V C ,l@r@ x@@ p@F
 DF ,kF lz orF kCrDz  kCrCpzC kCror@Fq
 CV op ,kp ok DC Co PvDv ,PzCk CCpxC H
C Vok ok  kp oD ,PzCk Mz  MpR op ,PzCkPvDo
C ok  qC F ClDh C  ,lz DN DvFC ClD@hD@q @F
Pv  Pd F rV  lOzCl  l  DC .PhDF
F wd .lkCk Pvk qC  Co A ,lkp p p@@k r@@Z@F
ok lvo ykh  Dl F  ,lz O wC @@
.llvp Dzkh Dl F z b F DvFC ClDh Dd
lr ,kp Oz Dv HVo D  ok D@ @@@C qC l@@F
M A   lw CD kF C F qC  l@ @D@d@F
C .pF PF  CpF kp qC l  l@ @CCo @D@@
ok .lz Ohk l F  Z  PvC rp l PwCk@
wd l ,l okD Co ykh llz oOvkh D@
 CpF Co ypv ,kp PF pC  ,pF PF C qC CiF Co  F
.PvpF
DFPF DDN kF VC A DF wd DC  DrZ qC  CpFDF
k ,pk lvD  qC Ozn  kF aC D@@ @F l@r@
.PzCl kV D ko ok Od  kF kA C DF PF oklw@
wd DC p qC Ro Ph PGSN ,lr DF PF @@C@@
Ro Ph Dw kG cp kp  Ph Dw @.k@F
.kFcp
lr Dh Piz .2 :lr DF PF ok kV lw k
qC Co Dq A   kF lr Dh Piz F Fp k lw@
kF pVD  vD kp DN  C .kp r@D@@O@ p@@k D@qp@
.PzCl  vDv OwDz  kF w F pDWO  pDO@@@@F
,lkF pVD  vD Dkp  uDG A Dh qC oDwF D
pC  ll C A  ,lkp ok D Co H@ @
vC fD kDq kldDN lDF ,lDF DF DNol  lCiF
 lkp ok Co C .l d Co vC z ,lPD@o Co
 Dl  lOwCk .kF lCi  DA lzDG@vC p@C
 DJoC ok Z  DpA ok Z DvA ok Z Oi DkCtqC P@V
pJ kClF D Dz Pd qC  lCl@A ok l@dC P@@@dp@q ok
 loCk kDOC Ap ,lDw DC  PvC k C F l
 qo C C  ,lCk vC h  Co hDd p @F
OvC C ,PvC vC l pF kh @@h @ l@@@uD@w@dC
kp ,ov  Dz ,DvCph kp S  PzCk GVZ .l
 .PzCl k ?l PDC Dz D kClF Dd qC ,DpAqC Ow@
ll Co C lkF oClOvDv  l ,D  DhCn@
lr  .l PDo Co vC fD kDq kldDN l@o@G@W@@
DO kA ,kF OO kA ,PzCl  Co o@@z @C @D@@@F
vC kld ,l DOCF vC kp F lA@ @z@h,k@F
qC ,lDz  C) koh ECpz lDz  D .l@@@FCo
D DF Dw PvC  ,lA kD Z ,PvC i@oD@Np@@
lk D joDN rp  ⁽²⁾(l ClJ  koC,j@oD@N
Pw  ODd ok D lzDF koh ECpz  xW ok D 
xW ok D kp C  Dd ok ,lzDF l@z x@@W@koC P@vC
D F kp pz  lz  Pw ,koh ECpz @@vo
qDF q  qDF  ,kp C  lCOz pGO hoDN @Cp@v
h Co C  kF kCk ((xDFC))  A F  PzCk .k@F
ok  ykh  kF  kDF q yokD Z .P@zCk@P@vk
  q  vDF ,PzCk  kDF hC ,kF lzorF kD@F
:lw HnC Up ok kw PzCk iDF@  x@C
pNDF kh Pvk J ok  lDzJ DGq  ppd DvDGCo ))
kp () wd DC  PwC ((!lD p oD@Vo qC
D . ⁽³⁾(( lr S CpF C PF l mC wC vC ))
 GN iz C kV C .PzCk k@V MD@@N Cp@@k C
DC !lCh PF () wd DC qC iz Z CpF .kFvC
DA . PF V b F  :kp  kp DOC PFqC
.lkp  p p OvCh PF qC V b F
oCn D  llz DD@@N :k@F D@p@V  @D@ @ @C
ok   l PF  kA) .l PF N ZO@i@z
pDd V b F (.pO  ,oCl lN Pd@C @FD@@
kp D ok CkCqA  l PF wC  wd DC lk@G@
Dzkh Pd so CpF ph Co kp P@@@F@C .kp@F Co
PF .kF  o   lkF kCk iN  Eh.lOwCk
q Co lr PDC ,OzCl G kF pO @@D@C kp@@
PF lDF lO DA OwCk HVC Co C DF PDiF ,kp
FD ok ,DDN C FD ok Dd . PF kpDC ,l
 ,   qC F ?loCk C Z DC,D @C
?l PF Pw pk pd . PF :loCl@p@@k
PF  z O pDd  !lz O l PFpC .ph
.PvC (())   DC ECV DWCok .
P lDF OGC) .PvCh Co DC kF C F qC   l D@d
CqClC DN C  lkF DJD pD , DGpN C @@F @Zp@
l@ l@W@w@ ok D@C D@@@ A ok (.P@zCk p@ Cp@@kD@F
qC Dd oD .kF DC kr  pFq F ClG lkF (pGJlWw)
.koCk Dz DF OGe Dd P  lpF Dd kr kp Mkk p@
  C ok :P pFq F ClG .A D lF pFN lO@@
C)) :kp DC ?lq uld Z Dz PvC OvChCo D D@d
Co D  lz N DC p  p (( l @@O@@D@C
 ,lkq uld Eh P pFq F ClG .lCh P@@FCp@F
  kp DC l Z Dd , p@ o@ @@@@
.GF Dd ?ZN.o
eO DWA ok  kp oCp  F CpF qC DGz p@Fq @F Cl@G@
kpF khDF  Co zD F DCV qC Cl ,Po wC  DC.lz
DN  ,N lrpF lz lF  kDp pC lOwDF pFD@@z P@@
p lJ C C ,d Cp l hCk l lF Cl@
Co  D Dd ⁽⁴⁾.PzCk od DWA kF l Dd Dq@
DF kp pz Dd lCh Z :kp DC .lD@vo D@C @C@F
D lCkp PF lr DF kp P .kp PGe @D@FqEp@Z
...l EDWC Z vC Pe@ P@vC k@F @@@Zyp@@
.PvC C ok vC Pe ,lDpF PF  Dz @C@h
kV  D DN .lz lCh PDC l pC Dz  op lF
?lCh PF  qC Z CpF Dz :kp DC .kz @@Np@koCk
 PV C qC .lCh  Clh CpF  .lCh kpCpF
lzDF pz DN  PF   ,pz p D PvC p@z P@@hD@A
.F P .l PF pk kp  lCh P@F .P@w@@@
Ow pOF p v D  Mh DNC C ok  P@Fx@J k@p@
CpF lzDF l PvCo P Dd ?koCk ClDZ D@z Cp@F
.lpGF pN Eh oDwF P Dd .pF lDF kp DC .l@@F
PwC D kpF DWC qC pC !? Z:P d Cp@
Dp !?kp lCh PF kpF DWC qC pCDA .@ P@@@F @
e  kpF DF Co C  Pp Co Cp DGpDC . CpVC Co h
pF xKv .Ow Dpd C qC pOZN kp :lF @@q @F
pGJ pGpv DGz lD l ok  pkHz v ,A qC l@F  P@o
 V Co DClh P .kpDk DWA ok  P@o@ p@C
.PvCA ok N Do  oCnF