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qC pOe kp : p@ D@O@Cp@F @ p@@k D@O@vCk @
C .PvC lO  pzo oDwF kp .kF D oDwFD@G@@
,kz DW qC  koC  O ,kz  kAC  oDF
d F l pz ,lF  Co C D@o D@O@vk D@@N
DF  l DG  PdCoD Co C DaA.kp p@@e@N  kp@
F  ,oDwF pd  kkppF ,PvCd kA DG @C
Pvk Dz :oCk Dz DF pd  !Do l .l@q@ D@@A
 :k fN DOCpF .DODOvkzk  lOw DOD@@@zk
 Ap  Clh F Dz S ,  pDz S ,Dz S Ow kp
PFpN Dz S ,ClCh uokDz S ,lO @C  p@G@@@@J
 Dz  F pSCld .oCk CpOzCrZ oCr ok Dz DF @ .Cl@z
,CkCk pN DODW Co uDG lzDFD C pC Clz HNp D@
.lzDF D C  p .Clq,Gw ,oD DGk COo
 Dz DF  l oGW Cp l oDOo DaA  DF Dz
qC lF oGW ,lzDF lCN DGNoCF  DwC   . FCo
oq F loCk Dz Z zDF Pvk Dzzk  Di  D@F @C
Pvk zk Dz k C F xJ.l@@ kp@ D@Nk@h qC Cp@
lF .lOw DODzk Pvk Dz .zDF   lOw D@Nk@h
DvDvC P b yp  ok iz :l ,lq  DS@
F ,kG C ok vC qC O ,PvCOzCl vC F @ p@D@@N
 D C F PvC p ,PvCkp kDOC oDC @vC C Ap@
,loCl oDOC C qC Dz  kA .PvC oCiFCpz  vD  pOv
 l DN .Do MpdMoDq F lA lF l@
 yh C DF ,lF Co C O kC .PvC Dw kA kz
Dz lpF A DN   k  l C PhoCr qC  .l F
MoDq   ol  ,loCl oDOCC qC @Z .P@vD@@z @k 
A ko ok DC .PvC Dw lz , l ,lA Do Mpd
 .PvC Dw Oh kl,Ph oCr qC  @w@
C l Ph C pDh F ,PvC hDz  F O@h
Pvk Dz xJ .lz UoDh vC qd qC Pw@ D@@@w@ p@@k
zk  ,l DODzk F  lO@w@ D@O@D@@@zk
.lOw DNkh zkC ok  lOw DODOvk
p F pC pOF ,CN  fD 
 ,l p F pC Owp z F l@C@i@F p@C D@@z
C DNkh ,lzDF CNDF  fD DNkh  PvC @C A D@@CoqC
kF lCh CwW ,lkF oC DNkh O .lzDF CN @
pRDN PeN  qC pOF Co pF rZ b .pqC  p FpC qC
,l pJ kDq DC  DGC qC kp lF Dz .lkoCp@
C CpF ?CpZ .l pJ DolA @v@  D@@@d qC@
ok ,lk oN  ,loCk HO  ,l @v@
eN  lw EDO J ok J ,PvC Ow yCp@W@d@z@
  ,loCl p  oN DN DC  DGC  .lk@kp@
C  Pw oC Od .l  C l a@A.l@oCk
DwC O .l lF l  C ,l lF l@F
.PvC pFCpF lZ ypRC O A ,P ,kp  ykhA qC lF
 lk D  joD@N) l@D@p@@ H@D@ @FC @F @@
 ,F DF OGv l  C F Np@C D@)) :(P@vCo@@@C
rp)) ⁽³⁾((  DF OGv l  C z@ @@O@@@
 kh G C p rZ F Co Dz pC  l@l@l@D@@z
qC Co Dz rp   ( Dz F @ C D@N) .Ckp@
Z) zDF kp pN CpA kh G Cp   r@@Z
pF uD Dk C)) .( Co D@@z ,@@@@ k@h
DFq p DF ,DFq DF  DC l Mkk F Co kp ⁽⁴⁾(( .OwC
DwC .l Mk vC F Co kpDNkh  DF  ,l Mk
oCp pRDN PeN Co DV kh DF kiFkh ,l @ @O@
.lk
pd OGC .koCk pd pNoDv J Cs ,pD@@ p@@ @w@@@
oD  :l .PvC qDN l  pGN  koCl qDNC
 PvCo  .Ckp rO oD A F Co kh DV D @@@
oD A F Co kh DV ,Eh D lF oD ,lF Dz  oD p.Pw@
lN ,koA kV F V Dz oD Ch D Ch ,lCkprO@@
PvC lDF  Dz kh CpF PvC lDF ,l kDWC @@D@VCp@F
N C  PvC DOVC F pC D oD p  ,Dz DO@VCCp@F
 PvC C   DFq , oD  O . @@@Z@
.kz ,yDG  S F  Z p .yDF  S @N !okCp@F
oD  oCkp F      F F Dz FZ p@ @
 l VN  oDO F lCN Dz .koCl lD,yDF OzCl
,koA kV F lN  CrOC Dz ok aA .l VN oCkp @F
. oDO k Vok ok ,PvC  oCkpC Vok ok
kpF lDF C .lzDF f lCOF DN lzDF fD lD@F C @e@@@ p@
D PvC p h .lDF pv PJ lF Cpk F ,@@J@F
 ,J F pF :lk Dp yqDFpv @F  kD@O@w@C @@w@
,Oo  :l  ko V ykh  w  ,CkDOwCDW@C
.DF pv PJ N
D :l  .F Co @C D@@C  D@@G@C H@O@@ ok
kp F lF o C  l  (lDF  Dz),@@O@o
oOvk  aA ok pC vC pGJ .lDF  pv PJ@@@
pC .l pJ Cpk kF De ,kG l@@Jk@h C kCk@
kp MkDG pk x p qC F ykh ,HzqD  qD P
pC , ⁽⁵⁾(( C SR  kC @@N @C@@@ @Fo C ))
kp oDSC  w C ,oDSC  Pzn Clh oC ok DC P
pC .kCk Cpk F  Pp@k@h C @@@ .k@F yk@h
Crr ,Po V kh C DVok ,C Gv  kDV P
Oz ,llz l r CpkCp@@  ,kp@F@ @@V Co k@h
kh l Cook kp C  lkpClJ oz  @@ ,l@l@z@
fw kh C  lOvp pD FCo kh Cr@r@ @p@Nr@r@
,koh PFp kh ,kpoCp zk p H ok  k@z@
kV ok Co Pd PA ,lz DJ ,l@z@ @Cl@k
.llk iz Z
qC pNrr w Z ?kF  qC pNrr @w@ @Z p@G@@@@J Cp@F
Cl F CCo Dw Z olF V ok ?kF Cl@@@Cl@@vr@@d
r F C ok  kF  pwJ  kDCk  kDOvp Co ?kDOvp
.kF lz orF pGJ Dh ok k qC  @Z)k@F yl@qp@
Co rd  (kF pGJ pwJ r F  ,PzClpwJ pG@@@J
F lGFC kh  pwJ .PzCk Cp Co C olZ kDOvp@
⁽⁶⁾ .kF rr C kr olZ  kDOvpCo QoDeC
Wd kp  olZ  lCh FD@@h ol@@Z @@ @F @@w@d
 O !kF kDq olZ C DC Wd  , olZ D@FD@@h
:l kDp yCFDh ok () wd .lCh kDq O,lzDF
D dp w C D  D ,OWe D mDF D@))
h  PvC kDA x p ⁽⁷⁾(( C Dz C DeG@@dCo @D@
Op oDkopJ D F N  x p ,liGFD Co ok Co k
lA o u ok A kkppF) .l YD DF w @Z ,P@vC
DV qC D ,D D ,lD D DF PwOzn@ D@V qC @@A (P@vC
wd Crr pNrr ,DOznDV qC D ok .PvC DOzn
Crr wC   F wdpC DA .Pw wC  F
pC  .ClFC ?lz DA pOw ,PzCn@ @@l@ ok Co
,lvo MkDz F DN ykh koA Fp e F Co Crr
wd DC .ClFC ?kp ClJ ,PvCkp ClJ qpC @ Co @zqoC D@A
Co   ,kz Clh Co ok OhDGDJ  kp oD wC @
Clh Co ok  PzCn DF rZ pk.lDvpF kh UC DO@ @F
F Co DA wC  wd  lkG kCpC Crr ,lzDF kCl
.lkF ykh Dp  ,DDC  ,Dl .lzDF koA oq
  pOZ  kp kG pDd wC wd DvDvC
DFp Co F ok oDF vk Cn  .lzDF DCp ,Pwyk@V ok
x p  l C ,l Ppd @@ qC @@C qo .kp@
wd DC lDz  l Dh F q DC.lD Pw qDGD@V
H D ,lzDF CDA ,lzDF DF  pF DWA ,kFpGh , kp@F
F Co F ok kDF ECpC qC Cl .l PpdDC Cp ,D
.llz e wC  F wd
 x p !uDC DC)) :lC@h@ C@G@@h Co @@F ok D@C
 lClF ,vo DV F ,z D D F D lD@@h
Hz ok Co DFp phA .lkp pF .kkppF ,Pw rZ@@Z
HdD DN .lD ok EA qC lvD w CozD Hz ok kp CozD
DC O PvC Oz  kp Co ioDN DGOzC C ((joCOCjvD))
DA qC Cl ,kp PGe kh EDeC CpF CozD Hz ok@w@d
ioDN b Co H C  .lOo  kp kDOvC Hz D@@vqC
C qC p  PvC ((jvD)) HdD DGOzC D@N .l@@@@l@@D@N
Cla CozD Hz ok D  PvC kp DGOzC Zxa@
,D D ok  lkCk D  lOp wC  ClGDFC ED@e@CqC
.koCl kV lzDF OzCk   A  oCk
D CaF Od wd DC EDeC qC  CozD qo ok pC
lz e kF pNlp  pO  @zk p@@@ @F  kCk@
DC CpF ,Po DA DJ ok  kCk MD@W@ p@@h qC Co yk@h
qC ,x pF DC .kF  wd HO CpF  wC @@@w@d
F kF PC  D ok  Co zk .lkoA kh v@F @@zk
Dzkh  ,lkCk oCp ph D  p ok  lkoAkh v
pC .Pp D A F  p  ,DC ph @D@ qCD@C .l@l@A
C qC ,kF kp Co Dph C  DDFp AG @ @F @@w@d
lOo PV qC  lk P  .lAJ h DRkDd
.lkp GN wC   F wd DFmDC  l@F 
 ,DC   l@@@@ ,ko@@ @w@ A @Z
 kqDv ok ,l Pvok VNkh CpF F ,lvpN
Do ,PvC  d Co kCk iNpC D  l D@kC
d  kCk iN D ,ph ,kp  Co oDC ,PvC C ok Cl@h
rZ Z  .kqDv   kh CpFCp .PvC p C DF
HO   F wd MCoDiOC pO@or@FqC @@ @C  ,l@@
.PvC wd
 w ,lkoA kh v F Co DA DoCkpv pOor@F qC @@
pC .kG Z kA C .dDo lr Fpd :kF pC kr@D@D@vD@vC
,Pw p C ok k Piz lvp qC lF lkpED@w@d
F .kF Oiz DF oDwF kp .kG w dDo lr @Fp@d qC p@@
p  .kF lz oD C oD oCv oCr DF  kF wC 
  F wd  p F pC ,@  D@@C @FmD@V 
oCkC ,kF l DC o F pz C qo  Co lrFpd wC
lFDC GDOC) .lz ((GDOC)) rV ,kp FN,kp @@w@N @F
DC  pDF pC lVDwC CpC eDwClDe@C
.(pC
C  k pOF ) ok  pk F kF p @ kp@
wC   F wd V DN lkF kCk C F oCv oCr@ @k@F
kp  C k qC wd ,PvC oA D DW@z @  (kp@@@FCo
yV F Co A ,koCk kV oDv k ok  NA  oD@.P@vC
 ,lk DN Co oDv  koA oD oDiF @W@@O@ ok ko@
k ok ,Pd qC wC   F wd  NAA ,lCqp@
 C kF ykV ok  DoClV FD ok ,kF kpzo kp C
,PvCh  Pv  D  J ,PvCh D@kD@@z  D@ @S@
F wd v F pF :l koA oD C F ,PvChPD@
C ,koCk kV DwC p ok  kD oDC A ,pk p qC .
 q pk ,lz Ch O lF ODv ,pF pC :lv@v Co
qC lF lDz ,ko Ovk qC NpR DN ,lk Ci Cokh Cl@qp@
PvpJpvF D aF ,l okD Co NpR DN @zkD@vD@vC @
DC v F C lz l D DC .lD pzFq ,lD@
D P  .koA oD C F D@i@ p@@k @C .k@z@
N ?qp CpZ lvpJ C qC w .kqp koCkpd lF l
V Cl qC C upN qC zqp kp Dh.kF DW@z kp@ @
kh !Ow ClV ECn Z oDZk  CkN , :P !PvC
pF Co w PF Ck .F pi V PF D ok Co
Dd ok Nl .PvC V OGD  pF lDk  DGk D@
pGN F  pz kp C phDF  ,kF khDF qoDG  @@@
zk C CpF .Pp Co kh N kCqA pd () w@d D@C
kh HvC F GNp lF ,l oD Co khCoA CoA ,k @@D@
F C l Dh C CpF  .Po wdDh v F  kq z
H)) :lCOz .kCk D DC P,P@vC l@A @@@d l@@
F  C P F kp sC Coykh pKv @@ ((,@vp@N
.Ch DC ,ClD V
okMpd Z ,kF wC  ClGDFC lz VC C DF  w C
 w@C)) :kp@ @v .k@F kD@O@w@C p@d D@@h p@@F
 ,Ow Dvo ,oD  D@A :kp@ p@ !((Cl@G@D@FCD@
Dz pF Co Co  (Ow w C) Ow pW  oD@@D@@
onF oD C D qC DClh :l p kh ClhF .Op
qp F Co N DC k  !DClh ((DC E PGoCC @C))
O wC   F wd PF C) .lDvpN Co D@A,koA ok
O .kDOC zk F DZ  kF oDF C ,llk CoF ok Co C
 Ho PDd Cp ,lCkDOwC DV  lGF Co fwp@@ oCr@
.F CpGV Co kh D Ch  GDN  !DA (lClJ upN
pk rZ b DF h DF rV ,CkoA kV F kh CpF  Dv
 FN lDpF C . FN Dz qDVC DF  ClA .kz@D@J
CpF Co rZ b ,PvC wC  wd DC ? D PvC@O@p@n@J
ok ,l Z  lF FN Z pd lCk C D@F .l@C@h@@k@h
CpF ,lCh kh CpF Co pd C  ,Pw pR C @@@@
CpZ .PvC OpnJ N FN OGC :kp C EC@V ok .l@C@h@Cl@h
OwF HDN DwC  o F C Pdo EDF p ?lzDG@O@p@n@J
Dezh PvC lz C G ko C FN C qC pd .ClFC?k@z@
 llF qDVC xJ .F ?PvC G  F@N x@J ,l@@e@C:l@z
C :kp DC .rpF Dz Co ok Co h   Dz Cl Co khpF
. CpnJ N qC DN F  !z kDJ ,Ow D D N!p@d
DC qC pd  (l CpnJ PvCh Z D@F D@C @Ck@@@)
F ,lD DJ ,lkp oCpC DA Zp .lD DJ  PvChqDV
kF D pd  lCkp  oC Co H@@ r@o p@@v ED@FoCqC
C A  kp PdCoD Co C ,Cp   lF D@CP@l@h
ClGDFC DC qC  ,PvC Ow DC Plh  Nl oklvpN
Co Co ,C qo  PvC w D C lF  lGF Co C wC
pNkq Z p  k lpz C CpF .kz lpz C  ,PwFD p@F
qDVC kp oCpC ,lF kh Ck qC ykh h DF Co  @@@C
.pF ,z D oCk oCpC  Dd :kp DC .pF lk
.l PGe DA DF ,lOwC kp @FD@@ ok l@@zo kp@ @C
cp Co Mk  @ kp@ D@F P@vC @@ yk@h@Z
Oz D  Dw rV kh  DDNC !kp :l,l@@@
Dw  ,lOw DWC  Dz Cpv  Dz @O@w@@ ,l@k@F
C F ,lkp Mk kh Dh Co C ,lOz Dkp C F  lO@w@
 Hn Z o ,D Z o ,C Zo .lkCk oD@ l@
!?l oDOo Z DNkhD DF C ,k
 kF kp PdCoD h Co kp C DpV  kz @@ l@@F
DF  COwJ ,lkCk Uph F kp C  kF COwJ  PD A
 lk D vC joDN  koCk Pl@ @vC  P@@D@w@Cco
 ,kz oDOo Z zk b DF kCk qDVC vCD@a@@
o F Co EA ,lk oCp  ok Piv Co @@zk@@@C Cp@F
oD C PwCN  lz kDJ Z HD FCF  F .llGF
FDeC  pd   F wd kh .kp ,lFD F PGw Co
kF ykD pd Dw .kp ECpv Co F ok ,lkF zkC DF Co
lF kF N  qo A  OwF w@ o @FCoEA D@ @
 kF orF  D pz olZ C .kp ECpv Co D ,CiFC qC C
!?l PDWh Dz ! kp :P !OwJ olZ D ,Pw
MCkV  pF  Co FA .lq pF D @z @S@MCp@ @C
A qC V  d ,C C@@d ,D@w@C ,P@vC@d oCl@D@V
!?lCOwF kh pGJ lqppF Dz ,lDzA
yCkDJF Co C ClGDFC .kz@ l@@@z D@N l@@@V@ kp@ @C
r CpF ,lDvo oCorF kp C DF F Co kh Co@,P@zCn@@
Fh pd Z dDo pd C ⁽⁸⁾(( cDo Fpd peC )):lCh
,pd P C qo .PvC kp EDiOC Fh vC HW yokD!PvC
pz  oCorF ,PvC wd !kF kp kCqA N  O@vCo .kp@kCqA
pC ykh C .l lN Co kh EDeC lCN  ld DN,PvC
.PvC p qC   pF
p ,lkF Oi lDvo DA DF F Co kh () wd  @D@w@
lq q  lz koC DC O .PzCk oCp   okx@
D ok .kF kCk DV Dd ok pk ,kp PGe@ D@A D@F k@F
xa ,lDvo DA DF F Co kh wC  ClGDFC Dw@
C CpF uDGC CDFC yokCpF qC pNqwDV  p@NyCp@i@k@@
oDkD  koCk Pvk Co C h () wd  okCp@F.P@zCl@
 ClGDFC lCOz DV ok .PvC CpC yolJPD@W@z
F  DV !DV uDG ((PC wF)) okCpF :P CF @w@C
qC Dv v PwF kld ok uDG .PvC  @h@C .@N D@Fp@
uDG  lOzCk Dv 57 ClGDFC) kF pOZ wC ClGD@FC
v p qC CDFC olJ r F ClGDFC .(kF Dv34CV kp 
!DV okCpF :l C F PA  ,Po@ oD@@z@F @O@@Fp@N 
!N DFp F  DV((PC wF))
kDp P  ,PvC kDOw@C p@@O@@ @@@h oD@@ Cl@G@D@FC
DGq olA yCpZ () CDFC lCOz) kz Co CDFCCkp
D F p kh Dq ok ((zD F pF l D)) @k@F
joDN C qC F  kF Dvo ol F @Cl@C .k@F @zD@@@F
((oC  Di Vo  C upC Hp D)):lCOz
PC DF ,l EDo qC  Co DJ ,lz l@@@@N H@vCoC@v
DA dp  F p Dd .llF yCph Co q PwCN@D@J
 lk D  ,lzDF DG oCl  lVpF pDF lejz
kp p qC wd  ClC ,PvC OzCk lzo  lF oDwFClC
lF ,lA C pv DF F () wd  O .(kpF MnA F
F  lz lF A k  DF ypv r ,Pw C lF okPvk
O D)) :lCO  Pw PVF .PvC lz koC pNC @@Z
llk ,lz O  uDG ((,weC V  oDwCDF uDG@@C
P  p C C)) :kp ykh .lz Owzwd pZ
((.Od
 le  C  @@@C @@@C D@F C @  @d
pDCA