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Co DD C ,CkDCp ok (vC) ((EDF)) so A e F
Ddo F Phko  A ,koCk pF lqD@v P@@V ok
ok Z Dh O C  PV ClF  OGC .kp oCp DpA
,PzCk leO MDC CpF A p  Dph Com ,HCoD DFA
oikok F o pC .kF O pk D@@G@@V ok A p@@h
qC Co kh lCOF koCl G MpR G b  CkDCpS Z
A eN ok r D@ ,@ @C@@@F  p@@ D@@ p@@W@q  @
Z ,loCk  G FD  DA xJ ,lDpF ,CO@zCkP@p@z
qp .lOF lN u F PvC   DA ?kp l@@C@h
C F  Co u F DpA 1960 DDv yo  PvC p@@N
.lVN ,kF Dd  kDCoDh

21  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

 koCk CqoC D F Co Mol C  Ch Clh qC :h DC
pF p uD ,rDV DDw qC  ,w G qC D@@N @
.oA ok Cl F ,Co oz pF p  DpA

232  ,20 U ,o e

kp e ok Co CD ,DDDJ ND@ D@@@@vC ,MC k ok
F Co pGDOKv D qDWN lOhDv pO ,o oC ok DpA hCl@
C .lkp fGN ((o D joDN ok C ksCpN)) F C
Da  kp F  CoC ok Co OzCoN Da DF
ok DA CpOC .kp @@e@ ,l@@O@w@ X@o ok qD@W@N MCp@RC qC
C C DF ,OvDNC IDZ ,rp DpA yoCr@p@@
lF olA ,A Cl lZ p ,krh DJ F Dw@)) :l@z p@D@
.((kz lz o D OzC ok  Pw

71/5/15 MDC ,C .wDZ ,vCpk loCkqDF

,DV DOw  vC DO F ,D P :@@@h D@C
 p Ap  orFClh Dzk  DA Dzk C F lpiO
CpF ODh  PDV b qC  lOw Dlok ,l@r@r@ @vC
F lvo CpF  l Pvk,kh CoDODV  @z l@D@@
uCo ok  lvDz Co zk  Pvk ,kh PwJ D  PvD@o
F Co DV pvDNpv  PvC Ok ,MCn DF PwopN C,Dp@A D@A
.PvC l NA

172  ,21 U ,o e

FV DO  ,PdCo h ((l)) 1961 @1962 DDv ok
,DpA C Dp 1961@1962DDv ok  ,l@z @@V koC
84 Dv e  Co FV DO PV pJ  DOvo @D@@
Pp DCoDGF pNllz pq ,kF qpv C PV qC lok
CpF  kFCDpF qC iF ,MD C .kp opq Co D A 
lz ro cp ,CpvC DDkoC v F DOvo D lDo
.kF

24  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

DO 170000 DN 160000 F lz  D 1965 D@N 1954 D@v qC
o 1975 DN 1965 Dv qC .F ,lkF DOvo CpSC  Co p@@k
.lvo p 3000000 kld rZ F ,DO V D@l@z @O@@
u ok  Co p 1000000  UGD ok Co p@@1000000 D@@O@dC
CN, CkpF D qC Co p 5000000 Ckld oCp C qC .O@
 kDOC vN qC p@V ok ,koAP@vk C@@ @F P@@
 p 10000000 DC F .lzDF rC CpOdC o ,D@@O@VC
DCoDGF qC Dd DoCA U .kp P@vok l@@D@@J  oCA
CoDODV MD Cp ,Dd kDCPDd A DF DpA C
.PvC kF q

27  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

p qC ,llN C D  kkp cC D l@zD@F oCp@ p@C
,kz l pNF DV e ok Ph F llN  P@@@h
C F lDz  pNpF Mol C F DpA  lz lC@h @i@@
.PvC kF phC Dk PwopNpOorF ,C MolpFC

73/4/6 D ,CF wopN DF DpA

F lvo CpF ,PvC D  sN FD CoCk  CD Mol
 rAf oCrFC kpFoDok CkpOw MCoDOhC qC ,kh oD PG@D@
DN Dz ,rAPh Dv  oCrFC .PvC oCkohpF ,rAP@@@h
DN qC D Mol  C F DpA  PvC ropNOi D@zC
C pSCq ok , DpA .PvC kF DA DF D  kpF pF D@@A
DF  PC CoCk ,  p qC F ,Pw p @F ,D@@zC
.lzDF COwVpF  CoCk

73/4/6 D ,CF wopN DF DpA

CpvC
DGOJ A CoCkC  CpvC qC  PvDpA :@@@@h D@C
oCA Co w ECpC,lk Mol CpvC F  PvDpA .l@
.l

111  ,1 U ,o e

p ,kp  1948 ok k o C pA F DpA  DWA qC
lPDd CpvC qC Cp p  CFD

MDD OOwC ,Xh CpeF qC xJ ,DpA C@ t@NCp@O@vC
1366/12/12 MDC ,OzC tNCpOvC

qC Dp qC xJ phDF ECpC  P COF ,DG lC D@F l@D@z
C F Co kh DV lkF kDA C  lkF OvD@hp@F EC@h
G ok CpvC lDz .lpF ,ol DV e ok D@ Cp@@qD@F
P p qC pOF ,A  Ow  ,kFOp oCp ,kFD DNp@J
 lF  lOwCk CpGo  kF kD@O@C p@@h @F p@@k
kF leO MDC DN Dd C ok .kF lCh D F e,VoD@h
z  DN,llV DJC z ok Co q  PwCN@ @
pNrC TeF qC   kF p@ @l@F .koA @Cp@ ,A Cp@F
  pDh F .lz pz pWwrCTeF lq DkClo
dCp ok , A DC p P F  kp EDiOC pqDF Cp@F
oCp pN ko  lz kq DOF C F ,p k p @v@Nkl@@O@
O .llzOiA oCk F  lz lCqv C pJ Dvp .Pp
lCN  DwC C F ,D oz  hC uDwdC OzCl @F
oCp p ko ,lF Co wDwC D Xo  oD@a@@F
.Pp

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p@@v l@o
370

lCq ,pz  Ep oDOvC DOk DGN DF CpvC :h DC
 pqC  lA kV F,vC  oDOvC  Fpv CpF  lz
@ D PN DF DpA  xC .kz PDd CpoD@@@O@vC
J MCqDWN F Co C ,CpvC oDOhC ok evCOzCn D@F ,@vD@@v
 w@@ D@@zC @CkC  @@@@w@  ECp@C @@@ @Jok
.lqDv oCkC  peN ,vC Dqpvpk

186  ,1 U ,o e

D PDd p , ClZ  Cr F C  lz kCq CpvC
 aA qC CpvC Dqp.kF MCpCn ok DpA MoD  ,@@vo
Ep CoCr  Oo pNCp ,lz EDiOC A CpF  DqDv vN G
Dw C pF  .Pp pF ok CoCoD @@w@@
lCo pF V P F D  kp oDk pN D  lkF @ kD@q
.w DoCA Dw ClOFC kF C  lkFlz

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p@@v l@o
360

 hC D  k DV V QCp qC ,Cp@vC @F D@ l@@@N
Zpv oD PeNDvCpk DF N ok D @@s@l@C
lCi qDVC rp ,DpA p D  oV xo b .kp@
.kzkFD CpvC o  kCk

216  ,koDao .w ,ll Pvk qC Co Pp

pF Ck ((pWw)) MCllN hpF ,CpvC qC Dk ok Dv D
F ,f MCpCn ok PhDv okD Co CpvC ,DpA PD@d @@
,Dv Cpe pOF DZ  CpvC ,lk CkC kh pPi@v
DqDv Dw .PzCk DzC ok Co koC Fp dDv V MDDNoC
okhCk V ,lz h Dq p qC F ,w @i@F kCqA
lz kDWC Dq D ok Pvok ,Dew  DDw D D@G@
w iF kCqADqDv .kF lz A koC D  ov  kF
 DpA PhDv llV DevC  PzCk o@d A @@ ok @
  Co Dlk ,llz kpFoD @F D@@@@Cp@vC @v@N
kFD ,lzDF kp ho D@@A ok @i@F kCqA D@qD@v l@kp@F@
.lkp

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p@@v l@o
379

w  w  Dl d Op lkD :@@h D@C
D p soF kCk DW  DA MCol F yDFC O k@
kCqA Hv  w d H CpF CpvC DzJ Pk  CpC
Dvo lpJ ok  PvC NDDV ,kDv p @D@@ 
.kz PGR DpA oV

243  ,1 U ,o e

,Pp D ((w pOk)) oV PvDo D@q ok @a@A
Dd ok Pk DoDp oClN  yq@A qC P@vC MoD@G@
VoDh MDpeN A D ,hCk DllN DF FD CpF ,@@v@N
v qC Do C  PvC No ok DN DpAPDhk  lzD@F@
C ,hpF C DF .lpF oCp llN ko lp VoDh Mol
DC ,lOwCk OD vN DV qC DpA Uph qC CD Co pO@k
 o F v DV qC DpA ClPD  uDvC ,C ok
Dq DN .kF lz pm pOk C ok ,hC o F uoD X@h ok 
p qC ,Co kh D k  qC F PwCN Dp@A ,D@z@@v
.l d uoDXh ok @D PvDv DJ k @ kv DOwFp ,CpC

213  ,koDao .w ,ll Pvk qC Co Pp

DF FCo ok DpA DA)) :lvpJ p DlD@@ qC @@ @O@
b)) kCk jvDJ((? D kCk lCh DWC  ,oz DCl@C
((kpF F qC CpvC  kCk lCi qDVC ,DpA qC oV xo
CpF ,kpOw fv ok C @e@D@voC o@O@vk A @J ok
Sh CpF ,A qC xJ  kp okD CpvC Pwz qC p@@@@V
COw Dp , ok oz GDV  PDhk MCllNkp
.koA ok yDF kDA Dd F Co DpA

218  ,koDao .w ,ll Pvk qC Co Pp

F VCo  CpvC F VCo  DDv qC  :@@@h D@C
F Ckpkrz DOz ok  DGh ok @@@@ ,C MD@D@@V
vC D z  ok PvC Dpv l  C  ,w
PvC C pF DDF DC .ul DF lF DOC  Pw o C 
 , DpA  lOw DpA PvDv FDN DC  ,lpF J 
.Pw DV ,DA

218  ,6 U ,o e

p ND ,kh vC Pd EDO ok @@@@h C P@A
TeF ko llV hMoDG F Co DpA m  oDSOvC ,wDpK@C
 ,C C ClC ,pk DDV S EDO C ok...PvC kCk oCp@
qC Mp  PvC CpC l zk , p F DpA D@F @@@zk
DCO qC  .PvC Op oCp lDN ko ,CpvC  w@@
OGC  kCk Dw F lDF Co DC v J qC iF  kF @CC
.lz ECpC kh TDF C

ld VpN ,le , wd ,lD OD @ @O@Co ,Cp@C
251  ,ldC

F DCpvC HC ,CpvC DF CpF DpA PDd PC F VN DF
oCkkh DpA leOMDC qC  @a@@Jp@v qC r@p@ o@
.l

18  ,Fq .wspF ,DoDh ok DpA VoDh PvDv

xJ ok ,uoD Xh Do Dk F PN o F lDF DpA
 p F ,GDV lZ DDPC kDC CpF kh m qC ,kp@J
CpF DpA DD a .l kDOvC ,vC Do pD@v
 MCrWN oCpOvC CpF  Do vo pPC H@w@
Pk...lD pCn ,lA DOdC hCl CpF q MDoCl@N
DF D oDqDv oC @ CpvC  P @ DoDh ok DpA 
.loCl 

214  ,koDao .w ,ll Pvk qC Co Pp

HDV qC  DwC l MDClC C qC vDN D DF :@h D@C
 DG kp Di w kF F DpA  F ,DOw
.vDO oDwF ,kz koC D CokCpF

65  ,7 U ,o e

D F  aA ok ,k@F l@z kCk  @F @ CqD@VC qC oD@@r@A
DF 1985 skrDJ ok ,lz lD ((oD@@r@A @p@O@k))
 qC PDd CpF ,DG hCk F Dok CoCl@@N kD@O@vp@
,ll V b pok C,oFr CqDFpv .kp kDOvC ,z
D pGOC ok Co DA  oDrA  kG oD ok V b C Cp@q
D F , DG F ko koDOvk ,CpVD C ok .lpF ,D@v
.kF rAoCpvC ,DA kDOvp qClC

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p @v l@o
360

 OD llN pZ C F Od ,@@ @C 1982 D@v qC
C DqCok oDF Owi CpF Od Doz  D@D@@p@A
ok DpA D ldC  l PDhk C@@  @@e@
Dv qC  p .PvC OwV Ppz((WD CF p))
DG hCk V kA h p F ,PvC lz 1984 qDA DN 1982
lZ qC  @ DpA Dok p z DD DJN li@FD@D@J
pq ,DG okCo Dov C @ koCk od CpOl ok @J @k
.PvC Op oDKh
 PVDv DF Dov z DD DqClC oDK@@h @o @F
 ,z qok Oi DD@ @G@z M@@d qC P@D@@d
kh DV qC ll pDd ((WD C F p)) D@l@dC
 Dq DN ,OqDF qC  Dd okCpvC Dp .loiF D@@N
D kohpF ,lkp oCkkh ,llD DF DG ok Do@v
e ok CpvC NoC d DN lkq Ck Co Dqokok Dew
.l VN Co

112 ,89  ,PwC ,DpA .Dok .vC OJs Dw

qoDG Dd ok DpA  CpvC DF Dz oD ok D :@@@@h D@C
G Dz  NDDp pF d p  oClC  Ow
.l

65  ,7 U ,o e

pODph  pOorF CpC :CpvC Dk pq ((FCo DevC))
vC EC qC xJ CpCzk .kz Ewe CpvC @zk
zk  slC zk  Mo F ((h)) pGo @F
CpF ph p qC ,CpC ok Gn olN oDC ph lA ok @C
.PvC pOF CpvC

24  ,s DNk :qC  F ,1266/8/20 C D

DDkoC D O  pRC pF G  Cp@vC @@@ oD@@C
kh qC ,kF lzrrO 1982 Dv ok ((@@O@z))  ((Cp@G@))
lD DF ,DG oGq  ok CpvC NoC k Z F :l@vp@J@
Z p  Pp N CpD 1985oDF ok zoC Pd ?PvC
Dz P CpF CpvC oDFkC C.l @i@N Co D@@G@ p@Nkq
kh DV DG D  vDv orF p CF  ((@C))
C qC  .ko oDz F orF qpJ ,l e@ Co
 Dd Co kF z o F ,Gn p DOGw P @C
,D CoA p qC oVxo EDiOC t F) l kDJ
DF Dph Mo F ,DG P F VN DF ( Hn@ qC oD@
lCl  ,h oClp Cp vC DzDO@ @w@F
.PvClz PFDo pok ,l lG vC oV  F Co o

113  ,PwC .DpA .Dok .vC OJs Dw

qC .PvC Ep qC ,PvC HDVC qC pz DoDOp DN :h DC
DoDOp DN .PvDpAqC D DoDOp DN C .PvD@p@A
o A Co w  PwDpA C qC .PvDpA qC @@w@
.l U U Co D CokCpF  l PN oA  kp PN

76  ,10 U ,o e

uDvC pF CleO D .PvC oCk o CpvC PC  DF F D l@@@N
:PvC kCk lJ  F CoD pO rZ F ,Ow ,vo COz
.hC lN

216  ,koDao .w ,ll Pvk qC Co Pp

leO MDC ,ko @ w oClDq lD DF   D@v k ok
koCkC  G pF.kCk CpvC F evC ok koD@ @v qC @@F
,pFp,DN ,Czh HF DldC Dz MDewN @C ,D@@@z
 d DDJC ,V qC dDD ,peO D@i@J@N
pOC lz PCl Dz ,DN l pOJ ,N ,@
F PGw kDC lN C...lz D DvC OD ,oCkCol@
1350 @ 1970 kvCC DN .kG pWw oD DN ,@Cp@vC qC D@k
N p...kF kp koC VoDh FCo ok Co ykh, p pk
qC F 1354  21 ok CpFDF .lOwDF CpvCoD ok DN kF Op@
lOz ko PlqpJ F CD D@V ,D@@v D@@C oD@@Z @v
Co CpvC ((Dk FD)) Dqp ko ok CpvC DO@vC@hD@N
.l PFDVC

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p v lo
378  377

lClF ,w  DG CokCpF  Ep okCpF DO :h DC
loCk oDOp Z p.PvDpA  CpvC qC loCk OiFlF Z p 
DF  lz leO lDF .PvC vC Do Cpv @@F @O@hC qC
.lpF F qC Co @  kDw oB ((CpvC)) DC p

259  ,11 U ,o e

  d  DN lz CoA DF klO vDv Dp Pd ok
((DD Gz)) qC PGelF Od .lOw C ,Dw Ck DF
V C ok pok DOk ClC D qC  ,DG Oi
 kp kD lDF CpvC De qC Pwi ,lkDO@vC ,@@hCk
Co DroC koC ko pz oD DzC Dqpv lCh
PvChok CkC kh PvDv VN CpF VoDh llN pF  l Do
.l N ,DpA qC 

26  ,PwC ,DpA .Dok .vC OJs Dw

lDN ko  ,Ow l PvD@@v ok p@@ D@@NC @o @F
pO Z p lvo p F Do C ,PvC Fp D@o@@
o  ,pO ClC Op p ok @O@d  Cl@C @F okD@
F CpvC NoC  Dq1982 Dv ok Dw C .lOw@ k@@
d ,MpF pDe DO DpV ok  kpF d DG D@h
CpGo ,lkp iN Co pz Dw  D  PvC lz
lOp N DWCpv (CpvC Di Z  oClp Z) Ep@
qpv ko Cllz ,Co CpvC qDN D ClC C  lA  kp@
.lk oCp

63  ,PwC ,DpA .Dok .vC OJs Dw

l F  kp kD CpvC Oi DP qC lDF D@W@C p@v
F ,w OhDvlDO C k CpvC @ qoD@G@ ,D@@A
DFp C  PvC Fp Do   Ep  qoDG Mop
.lCkp kDWC ,kh wNd CpF N  F

26  ,PwC ,DpA .Dok .vC OJs Dw

 kF DpA DDJ  ,kDw RpV C CpvC :h DC
krz Co CpvC ph,Dv PwF F kr @ ok @ .P@w@
.Ck

266  ,11 U ,o e