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DV ok DpA MDDV
,l pF d oDFok olC  DpA C :@h D@C
.koAok kp pv pF DwF Z N DpA ok

24  ,2 U ,o e

:l DpA Dz DoD DCk Gn  kD@O@vC @
Dqo Oz F .PvCDz Mol ,DpA  koCk fpN @W@C
 17 iF :PvC O FCo @C ok  ,r@@D@N @O@@@zC
Z  l N Dq phA okCo Ok ,WC qC ((D@d@))
DJ pF MDvl F Opd F  kDw  Dd ok ,orF D@@z
Z pC  kp lCh Pd DV DO DN pF ,PvC lzd A
DOv Co A ,Dopk ,kro A DaJ qC DD F @h
.l

74/2/20 C D

llJ Co pk pN ,ioDN FCv ok pOi vopF , @ ok
DF ,Ph DF D  DSGhOD DF DGD DpA  A  .koA@
PDi ,lq fv DNoC  vCpk  pF d pD C
ClJ lV Cl ,N DpA ok t F C .PvC lqo
kFlO Pd ok .koCk kV D k r A CpF  l@
pF DpA pFCpFD pNpF d CpF ,rAPh MDClC DF DDWv C F
oDSOvC  DV MpR FDlok 50 pF D pO N  Cp@@k
.koCk u FCo @ DDpA @ D v F Dk

12  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

DC cC F Co pF d C  DpA C :h DC
ok ?PvC kp CpF C pF NDDV Z lGF D@@z ,P@vC kp@
ol    Co pNkDq ol   Pw DkD D  Dv lZ 
Z ,lkp lD D@@z ,l@oCk@ @C@V H@w@d p@F Co p@O@@
qC   .DpA Pvk F  Pw p@@F Cp@F qC @D@oD@O@p@
DC Co pF d   Pw DOkqC  ,P@vC @D@i@zC
.lCkp

23  ,2 U ,o e

 FpWN Dw    C DC ,lpF p ok Co pF @d
DN ,DpA VoDh PvDv C o lCN Dz .PvC  p@@
C C ok .l eN  D ,koCk DGNoC pF d F ld @Z
eN ko pk DDV  N DpA ok pFd ko ok O
DpAOwVpF iO ,((rOz uo)) .PvC Op oCp @
Cs oDz ok  koCk eN ,N DpA ok p@F @@d ok
Dk  ,eN C ok .PvClz pO ,GN DOvD@v 1981
 kp Cv C .PvC kCk oCp vopF  Cl ko Co Dw @
DGNoC ,DpA D DpF DF o  ok pF dV @@@Z
d))ykh  Co pF d qC kle oDwF Te@G@ C .koCk
qC o .PvC kp EDiOC eN C CpF ,lD ((Wz l@
 p  Pk v F WzqC kF kCqA d ,Wz l @d
PvDv  pF d F  kF lz V@O@ C .P@vC k@F ,p@@
 pNpN pF d V Z p  ,koCk kV CFCoDpA VoDh
FCo C.lFD CrC PGw D F DpA D lzD@F p@Nl@F
UDOdC  DpA D D .PvC kF  kDC@ ,u@@@
ok Co D D  OzClkV GvDN a A Dlp
Pd Cok DN ok  D D@ .P@vC @O@p@@ p@F
.PvClz kCk ((pNoD))

44  43  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

,kh phC Dv 15 DDF  DC  ok :@@@h D@C
,pk DNol  DpA DG ok Co h    oDF l@@Z
D  l oCkpFpF p D DNpR qC  Ckp D@F
kp pF  Co Oh  p  ,lDeN D C ok Co kh
.lD lDN ,kz eN v DV

49  ,2 U ,o e

,lD Pvk Dso orF MCoDiOCqC  ,D @@ D@@V ok
DOpz Cpl .PvCVoDh DDpv HV Co ok DA P@@
kh oCr Dpv qC  ,oDiOC  op DF ,r CF 
pF qC CD Co A  lCo iv vND@d ok D@o@@ ok
C Co ok .l kCl ,kh DOpz oDSC  D@C ,@O@vk
Pvk Dso v qC   (VoDh Dpv HV) Hp CpD
Co ok z CF ,O lZ DNoD p qC   l@D@@
,kkp GN v DV Do DO@VC  kD@@O@C l@zo
  ,kkp Dp Z  PvCDJ lk DN  jN O@d
Fh F ,O lZ DNoD vN Co DO DKZ  oDSOvC P@
.lk D

73  ,p ,DNoD oNDOk

9 F kr  A PV PGw F Dz l ,kv DOwFp ok
,((r)) ok  DGpNDC .lzDF N 3000000 ,lp @@@@
.l Pwq ((Cpk)) dD Coq  rh P lNpR DO@vC
DOvC Z pC DWA .l oCkpFpF A qC ((CoA)) DOvC
CpoD.lOw lNpR o b F A DDv DC ,PvC l@Np@R
qC D pv N qC D C qC p ,CqoD D D CkD  P@@
lN  Dh PpJqC D  Dkh DOk ko@h @@
.loA Pvk F rZ ,l O kDOC kG

93  ,oCos .Frp ,C .sk ,Xh DN

   Dk p ok PvC fe  C :@@h D@C
C qC DpA PZ ,lDvo DC F P Z O@@@
o Co DOvk lDF DC .lOw kCqA pk DC xJ ,kpF P@
?kpGF DpA ,loCk pDhm Z p ,loCk DZ p DN loCnF 

74  ,4 U ,o e

pCp lDF ,C PdD  PvC A pF OJs pk eN @
xC FDv MCpOwqd DN  ok oDh Fp p  DN
PwDF  kF lz N N  rWN D@p@V ok ok A ok @ l@zD@F
DOwp  PvC rZ D C .OpeN Co A Dkh
,CPdD .PvC lD ((wDpKC l)) Co A DpA DCk
rh P D  FV  Fp DJoC P@w@D@F@ @@@a@@
,kF   DWA DNPwDF C ok  Pp pF ok Co DoDh
D ,DPC F VN DF DC .lF kh ok F Co Dk DV 
koA Cp C PdD qC ,dC hpF ok oDCpF i  k
A oCkC  liF DqDv CpF  @C@@F D@kD@@  ,l@z
ok PFDN F CpeC lF ,oD uDvC  lz koA kV @F ,k@Fq
,leO MDC hCkkDOC DqD uDvC pF ,D@q@d A koA
.kF

9  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

DpA D  1980 k ok rp DpA lD@ @@D@@ ok
.PD llV MDd,lzllJD  p DhV ,kp EDWC

1373/4/11 D ,CF wopN DF ,DpA

kh m pq Co Do  lCh DpA OGC :@h D@C
qC CpC P  pnKFCN Co oN Z D  .lzDF O@zCk
qC Co kh ,D P qC pJ DF pk DO@@ .P@vC l@z @O@w@h A
.kCk lChDo ,oDSOvC qClCPvk

186  ,4 U ,o e

vN FC l  OvCo Pvk Dso oCnDF ClC qC @
rDV  oCpOvC,Do OC D@p@@ yq@A  D@@p@A
ok CpvC  CpC Dz .l   oClCs C F DN ,lzDF@
oCrFC N DpA ok qpF  DpA ok FVDpA ,D@@oD@h
.lCkF rDV tNCpOvC qC Cd FD

1373/4/11 D ,CF wopN DF ,DpA

Coz   vDv DOiz qC (( w@@ @D@i@@))
Pvk F Co kCqACpZ  h D@C)) :@@vo Er@d r@p@
,vC DV orF kp   Dp DN  ,kCk DV DD@@w@
FpWN...PvC CpOdC FD  DFDNOiz r Dew CpF @@F
.((lzDF D CpF iF pR C lCN h DC MCqoDG
Dd ok ,CpC vC EC qC VDOC CpF DpA)) :kr@C 
Co CpC kh Dh FDN ,PvC Dk CpGo D ok leO W@O@w@V
.((kpF lCh o F Co qoA C DDpA  l MCqDW

1373/7/13 D

 loDODV  k pDv  DpA qC Dz @C :@@@@h D@C
pk  DpA C .koClDz F DOhC C ,l PDz ,oDOv
.l oDOo ,DO oDC DF o  ,lOw  DV p ok C lD@F
PeN  DpA  DOwC vC F  PvCDv 50 qC F D@ P@@
.PvC kF ue so A oD

 ,6 U ,o e

ok Ep lN Cl C F ,leO MDC qC ((p@N)) o@@N
DC C F ,Cpk  ((p)) kF Cd Dp @FD@@
DZ DloCkpF C F kh F ,DDpA qC hpF .l@kp@@
D ,kF lz OzCn q F ,DA  wCp ,DDOpFvN  D
ph Co DA ,lO p DDvA pv pF A lF DF DN lkp
OvpJ kCt G .lCpF H F ,kp llN Co DJoC DN DzG
Fp lN   kF ldF ,PzCk kV PvDv C ok  r@
PvJ lv DwC Pd D F ,DV PvJ o kp Cp@F
.lz kCl

 ,OvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p @v l@o
110

F C .lvo p F e D Dole  1357 qC @J ok
r Dvo  PzCk DCDOwC  DpA t F Ep DGO@@J
kCkp 28 qC .lkF kp kDWC Cwd FCo  Op@n@J Co C k@V
qDF oNDOk ,DpA PvCh F Dol@e@1357 D@v D@N 1332
.lOzCl N C qC C rV DDpA  kF CpC

563  ,Pvkp wd ,J Pv v  o

kA ol C  PvC  UDOe ykh pNoD DA :@h D@C
kA ol C  loCkV DC .loCk vDv V DC .l 
.l kDw olC  lk O F Co

152  ,10 U ,o e

 .kF DpV ok ,okCDwC ok Dph MDCl@C 1970 @k ok
OwDF  llz lDkp DDqDv  PD vN rZ
A F qC ,C vCpk PzCk DC Cpq ,lz oD A pFCp@F ok
. eN CN Co rZ Z D ,PvC kDvh .lrF pF
 FNDClC leO MDC  lz pW A F DWCpv ,eN @C
v F pW  DGcC DNk qC 1979 Dv pGO@C ok .koA
 upN C Pd ok.kpPDd ,lkp ((po)) oND@O@@k
CqDv Co D F r po PvC   PzCk kV D @C
OwDF  lqo oCpC DpA ?kDOC D@@NC@Z l@@F D@C .kp@F
F pF  C F ,D pD pO@do @F  @p@N@@h
oDO .lz koC ok Dd D Coz P F ,lzDFw@
1980 Dv CC DN.PD CrC Ppv F ,DNk qC xJ DF kp
D pD  DOwDvv ,LZ Dew@ MCp@@k @ k@F
Co c Dzkh D ,lkF lz nd ECCoz qC D ,H cC
P GNp k HNpN C F  l@ oCp@ @ l@k@F l@k A ok
Mol qd ok  D  Pp oCp D kA D@ P@vkok
zJC F Dq A ok ((NCok)) .@oD@@@ D@k@h
DDO pOorF qC  pGo DN lz p@@ koC l@@k@v
,po vC  ,CvC .kpF l F Co rp D@@p@A
D  kDOvp qC  lz pNoD Ck F P@vk @D@w@@O@@
D@@@ P@@@ C ,k@F D@@@C,C @k .l@@ oCkk@h
qDA kp DDqDv   l llN Co Fpv...D@@
o C qC .l Dk kh DwC d pNvDvCqC  PvC lz
Eh.l oCkkh D  kDOvp qC  kp DDN p@NoD@ qC
, kCk N Co DpA PvDv C pV ,Pzn aA OG@C
DDqDv kp kFD ,DOhC Epv  DO@ @Cr@C @@@
 kF NeN .pF d qpJ  eN qC p@V ,@kp@
pF ,HNpN C F  PzCk DGk F Co DpA DD@ D@@G@
vC ,DvDOC A qC x@J @@ .kr@C@ @@V o@@N MoCp@d
ok ,lzDF OzCk kD F pC 1980  D ok .lvo O F ,poC
DNl  lz qDADDk  ,oD DN V ,pNoD Pd Dq
.lkF OvCoA ,oC MDdC lG uDG F Co A

24  23  ,C .wDZ ,pF d  orF DpA

 !o pvCpv ok   CokCpF  CpCh :@@@h D@C
 vC  Clh pDhF Dz qC   qCok Dz @J Co k@h P@vk
F DNo MDW CpF Co kh CN DN  Ch CrVD ,o
qC Co ww  DF    p  kpvDe@@vC  l@p@F oD@
Dzk v F  l pe pl o F p@@@D@@
.lo D ,PvDpA A uCo ok PDwC

197  ,10 U ,o e

DF  rN GdD @ qC C@@h D@W@@C ok @p@r@D@
k kpC .oCk DF ,Op Mo (( @@F@@))
F pW  PzCk Co DvopF  MDD pGo @ @D@@p@A
F DOd v DV V)):l ,lz pN HF MDD@O@C
Dw ok  kF lCh DJoC A C e  PvJ lCh 
uDC  PvC ok F DpA  ,PvC lz C rDvvDkoC
kle  Co wp pN HF...koCk D  Co A ,v
 DA  lDvo O F DF ,lzDF oDWC e pO 
MDN pRC pF ,loCk oCp A qC pODk D@N p@Nok @@D@ ok
 X F  lz DzG DOvk ok NDl oDZk A l@@p@@
HDV...kp lCh A pRC ok O  D ok  lDWCz@@F
DF Co DDF DzC  l Co DDwC HF @C @ P@vD@V @C
Dd ok ,PhDv oDFk CN  Co DDO@hD@v .koCn@@
pF G ,oDO  V .PvCCkDv oD ,DkA kp rD@V
 x A  lOw d kp  kCk ypN CN@ @ P@vC
.((PvC O lCok ,l

63  , .qpF ,pD kpF kDF @ DpA woDO

NoC  ,CCoD F d CpF DpA P@k ,p@@k p@ qC
kA  oDFCphe ,CD A  Od  kCk N okr
DV ,kp ClC DpA HDV qC  @@NoC @p@ qC  @l@N Co
.Pp Co D p p CoCr

1373/4/6 D ,CF wopN DF DpA

Dv qC .PvC Op D DoNDOk CpF ClCk ,l@@Ck @C
N DpA D 56000qC F ,DpA lCk  DN 1949
C l .PvC kCk yqA CrNoDJ l DV  DkpG@ Cp@F Co
DpA DNoC k Cpd ,lz D@kC @o@ A ,@vol@
AeOCoD DC .PvC lz DF ((vCpk)) PN  @N
W vopF ...lOw  olO DD pNo@ @D@z
Dl CoCk,DpA l@@@Ck @ l@k@ D@@ @q@@
F  Z DDV DA qC F  PvC pz F eOCoD
DF GNp ((pJ)) NoC pwC 6 Cld.lOw GNpD Dl@D@p@
kr DCk ok Co kDOvC   W@Ck @ p@ D@@h@V
eOCoD qC ,llDvo O F Ozn Dv ok ((D))p@@z
.lkF vol C

D ,DoNDOk lCk  DpA

 v pq pz  DpA F DOvoDF z qC  :h D@C
Pvk  lzleO   oDhC ,Ov PeN D@o@@ D@@N
DpA Pvk .l  kh Dqpv qC Co oDOD@V D@@p@A
  kp pDv  D DCVh F ,DNolpFC pDv  oC@i@D@@V
DA DF ,h h p phA DN D .PvC Oo p ,DV l@@qo
V kp  CpZV Cllz

266  ,11 U ,o e

F  ,C  lz N m pd DpA oD ,N DpA qC x@J
ok Dk pd kDWC pDhF   kF D  pDhm kV pD@h
ok ,DoDh ,D C  D ok  .DOdC DV @@V
V qC xJ DpA  kp Hw Dh DDV ,DpADV tNCpOvC
Co uoDXh O qd  Fp Do ,CpC ,D@O@w@D@J ,k
.PwCk kh m p

529  ,Pvkp wd ,J Pv v  o

yCDV MhCl Ov ok ((Dv))  oD UC ok ((xCk A))
((DG))  lkF kCkoCp CpF Co p  HNpN lF ,kF
 kF DkCo C ok DC .PvC vo D Dw  PvC F@@C
F rAPe p  D lN oC F ,DG@@@p@ @F@@C
,oDrA ((xCk A)) ...lz pk rZ Dz DpA OvC
,MD C WO ok .lOhCkpJ Mo F  P@@@C Co@z D@F
Co DG))  kDOvp oOvk ok kh D F ((xCk A))
ok DC .lF Co ((DG)) kp v MDk F ((Dv)) ((lF
,((GZ)) DDND Dp vN DG1961 Cs
.lvo O F  pvC

 ,OOvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p@v l@o
385

ok (GZ)  DOvChok F ,DN PGo   DF leO@ MD@C
CpF ,a leO MDC.kCk PGS ECV D MDewN ko
ok  Co zoz DN lkF lz CrC pGDvk ok  tF CqDFp@O@Z
Co DOvJlv A   kF lz kDWC , DOvCok 1964 pGDvk
.kDOvp OwW MCrWN  DJC ,lkF Op@ MoD@vC @F
C DWC pDh F DpA qC , DqDv  DOw@@ qC @@
,pk koC pF   lzO DpA DWA ok .lz kDOC Cllz 
DO ,l DO DOF  lz N J qC VDN @w@
.PvC P  l oDO  v oCh kA,lz kCk DqDv

 ,OOvC .qpGA ,DpA VoDh PvDv joDN ,p@v l@o
386

,l kpF F Co DDv Ozn ok DpA  PvC  D
F DDO  NC HFF Co DJCs ,PhCkpJ DOvKhpv kCt F
.kpF ECpC Cpv F qo ,PwF DJD HF

MDC Dqo ,A.AFk ((Pw   A Ep)) D

,Dzkh k  F ,IDJ DA  oClC  :h D@C
Dhsk  DoDC qC  l  ,Dzkh Pew  F
.l pV ,l DpA xJ  l DpA

270  ,12 U ,o e