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Ph  kDV oDC p .2
PGe F Co PDC vC ul A  lz zo ,O@zn@ H@D@@ qC
Odo PvC lClh vC Ppz HdD C  kCk CoCl  @@N
⁽²⁴⁰⁾.z  Pv Odo  :PvC p D
:lDp lClh N ok wC  Mpd
⁽²⁴¹⁾.G Odo PGv  D
DN CpF Pdo  f Dd  PvC w@ r@@ @@A @C p@G@D@@J
⁽²⁴²⁾.((D do C DvoC D )) PvCDDV
:lw oDFC ok kDOvC dp
MkDv  Pdo A qC PDC ,Ow D@@ ok @ P@vC @O@@@C @C
lzDF C p  oD ,opz  Dw  Dp@  P@vC oD@@O@vo
 ld DN ,Pdo FmDV H@G@v @F ,P@vC @oD@ @a@A oC@@
⁽²⁴³⁾.kkp ppFPvC
- PhF oD D  CoCl  N F C D : - oFr  h
.PvC oDv  oDV,p  DOVC Dp qC C ,Dp DN ok
k CpD - izrAN iv F ,k  p p CpF kDOvC
:lkF kp - Co wC  Mpd  l oDzC -
((lN qC G v ))
:lkp jvDJ ok Mpd  kF kp lN  V F O
((.  D lC   D lC DC ))
DCDC ,lrF Ph F Pvk lOvCh C MoDwV F @@C ok ED@e@C
: l UDWOdC vC  C F wC
((.C CpF F p   C XWd F   C C ))
lCh,lOp h Dz ,lCh ECV  qC ,koCk Cv iz C
PDG DF .lkUph F PDG ,lkp H ,llF Uph F Ph
.kz pD Clh DpFPDG DF ,kp PvCo  D Co Clh k kz
⁽²⁴⁴⁾.DODV pv lF
F PvDl C pF lDz pOF J MDA r oDOo  DOVC p@ ok
:kz oDzC r pk lCz
 ,Pw vC VO DA qC ph  oD@ @F P@G@w@ @p@ Ap@
⁽²⁴⁵⁾.l r oD F pC F ,lk kDV F dDN
oDk Vpi   lC  ND  nC  C D  ))
((⁽²⁴⁶⁾.wC He C C C CwN  pGN C
CoWz  PmC CC EDO C  Dp qC  ,Co Dw kp p@k @A
:l oDFkpF  CoCl F N ,lCkp eN
CpSmC CpzC nC   G  EDOC CNC nC  wO  ))
((⁽²⁴⁷⁾.oC r  m D CON  CpGN C 
NB MDvDwdC  @ lC   qC Op MD Co oDFkpF lv lz
:l
 r o qC  PvC DoD qC : ((oC r )) Ap pGN
 uDwdC  o qC  DoD qC  ,lCkCk DWC N  @@l@C 
⁽²⁴⁸⁾. F MDDW
 okD C ok A F @V@N ,@k ok P@@@h oD@@C @p@ @q
 ODOz  oD F  kh D qC Dk A pNqoDF @ P@vCop@
DF OGC - Ph F vC D  oDFok kDOvC .PvC D Pvk qCC D@o
:l - ull
Ph ,DUCr  DCn ok ,PvC Pp@@F U@ oCk D@@@N P@G@e@
PGe EnV k  vC .PvC q kp  k  qoDG ,koCk Mopr
⁽²⁴⁹⁾.P  k k   PvC
PvDPGe F vC DPh  DP PqDF p O OG@C
:lG DF C D
⁽²⁵⁰⁾.PvDPGe C qC pD r DP :F PvC 
Mpd  DZ ,PvC oFr C k F VN pC pGDJ @ @@z
F ClOFC lCk HG Dz Co A   C  pGDJ Dz wC
DV kpCk F ,A qC lCD Mo ok  kqCkpJ ((oCn p))
:koA o (l H FD) hq
⁽²⁵¹⁾.vC dC  Cp dC l GF oCk HG
:lCOz ,H C GN ok Cqp kDOvC
   :kp  @ k p@G@@@@J @ P@vC @C k@@@
.l pm Co ((Cp dC))  C .kF   DFp@p@G@@@@J
Cdp F pC DC ,kF DFp    pGJ C @@:@@@
F Co DA ,liF kv   DwdC  DFp   pk lvo
Ck  @dCp@V @@ koC @ k@F D@V @C ,P@zCn@@@ k@hD@d
⁽²⁵²⁾.lzkp
DOVC k Mop ,kDV .3
ok wC  qpC ClN  V D F VN  zk DF FD C
- Pewh pF - vC A  DV A qC .kz N Do  F
DF FD  kDVC De lF lCN ,koCk k Pd N @Ck
OwDz  e F A qC lDF O ,kkp D kh k F ,zk
Op lkD ,vCok kDV pN C qC kDOC ,o C qC .l kD@@O@vC
q C ok kDOvC .PewDF vC wD ,pNPwv A qC  PvC A PD@
:lw
ok V qC vC b  koCk Co oDiOC @C P@@e@@w@ :l@@@@
kDV D  koCk Co oDiOC C vC : D DC .PwPe@@w@
 D  DV ,koCl rZ b Z ,koCl kD@@V @ P@@e@@w@.koCk
.lzDF OzCk  kDV D DN koCl Pew uDvC pF DOVCM@@@N
 ,PvC @hC o@O@vk D@N oD@@Z ,P@w@@ r@@Z ,P@@e@@w@ok
o lA ,llF N DV lA vC ,P@vD@P@e@@@@@w@@v
,llF N Pd lA ,llF @@N P@k l@A ,l@l@F@@@@N
lCN ,lzDF MDNF lCN k Z .PvC DV cCO@D@vo
⁽²⁵³⁾.lzDF OzCl kDVD
vC qC Dk F kDV PpF .4
lGDPzCk VN A F lDF ,vC ok kDV rWN eN ok  oDZ O
 kDCpDp DV .PvC A rC  w  kDV D@z
,Cpk Dd D qpv DKZ G qC k PwJ D@A @@k @F
A qC pNpF vC ulA  lClh DC .PvC kCt pNpF xd  GDV
- kDV vDvC l F ,lzDFkp rWN k C F Co kDV d  PvC
ok D d  vC DqC Dk - Pzn r pNJ  D
vC ok A kV   ul kDV Z  P@vC D@@V p@vCp@v
d  qpv F  ZDN  vC  CpZ ,PvC MDD@G@ H@V@
⁽²⁵⁴⁾.l Dk rD d qC F ,kqk Cpk
: p F kDV DOhC .5
DpNF  o  FD  PvC C kDV C ok VN FD O
 A  C  pGDJ)  p F DOhC kDV Pp ,z
lD kDV d,(PG p) pDd Dq ok  koCk (wC  oDC C
.kz kDk Ph DOvDh F A qC DN PvC k Pp
rV .E
,PvC kh Cp  DDi DF fDwN  CoCl k @vC @ l@z @O@@
lO Co kh F ,kz k DPC pO DN   C@F
 lFD a  kD@O@C ,@D@@O@VC P@@@C @@D@N @w@
 PvC D ,Dl C l CpF .lCk DA k D@D@p@FCp@VC
DF A   C  pC pGDJ DD@ l@@  D@kCkoCp@ @F@D@@
.zDF OzCk PDvo p ok kDPC
EDO C MDD rV
o k F OwFC P@d D@@F  oCkC @ @@Ck@ ,p@@k @v qC
o qpC  PvC - DOC  D p  D lAok :@vD@vC
kDdA DN qC Owp  Ow Mo F ,NDD C@ @D@F C
.lFD C qDFpv Plh @F D@C@V @C@hCp@ D@F k @o kp@
DF qpC DPd ok oFr o k DN e  oCkC @@zMD@@N
k DPC  DDw F kD p ok PDvo p vCP@d
DDw F kD p ok ,PDvo p Pd ok  Mo C F,PvC
pCpGDJ ,PDvo p Pd ok  Mo C F ,PvC k DPC
G qCkDOC C  DF Co kh Pd VkF A  @ C @@
 qDFpvPlh a  lkp PDok DDw qC MD@q  x@@h
 D C FPzCk DDw F DOhC o qC Dk  DV ok od
 qC F ,lkFD xh  MDq PhCkpJ qC DN  k DP@@@C
C DF .lkF Dr o qC Dk  DV ok PoD qC D@A ,p@N@@
,qDOC k C FD okvC DC .lkF lpF Pd D qC DA ,k@V
k  ⁽²⁵⁵⁾((rV))D F D ,PvC kp DC DPC F @
Dv lAok qC iF ,onMCqDOC FD ok DPC A HV@ @F @
.l PhCkpJ vCPd F ((MDD)) C F Co kh
((rV))MDD PhCkpJ DN   kp DkC CN ,HD C F VN DF
 xh qC DPCPD F VN DF F ,Pw   DeVC b
C F Dv MDDPhCkpJ ,DV ok PoD ,pN  qC  MD@q
ClV ,lz DA lD PdqC  D DF Wv  wD ok ((rV))
ok ,qCkpKF k C qDOC WvF lzDF oCp pC  kG @w@D@@ @FD@
pNF MCqDOC ,lC VkF PDokFD ok  PvC vC C ,Pd
C yCkDJ ((rV)) ,lz  pGNF  PvC kp DC DP@@C @F
MDV  qC pDh CoA DF ,A Dv ok kF vC Pd @F ED@O@
- DV ok PoD l  pN ph qC DCClD  a@@
⁽²⁵⁶⁾.lkplq
k F Co vC  ,Fp Dho qC @@@F D@kC @O@w@v ,D@V @C qC
DD qC F Z pC ,kz pD ,lp kDOC kDF F rV@D@
 FDOv ,PCok  l@D@ @@q Ep@@ @@@ D@ho@
⁽²⁵⁷⁾.lC pO ClF ClqVpV
 k
 yCkDJ ,r@V @@C co @ k@z@ @zo ,@O@zn@ H@D@@ qC
,V b F ,DFp oClJ h pF  PvC Pd F D@P@@@CMD@@D@
lOvC  F ,pNF fN CpF DV C ok .lD ((UDF)) Co ACN
:l VN ioDN lDz  
qC pC  lCkp cp (d e) Cpz HdD V A qC  D
kzHNp O ,Dh F ,koCk Owq  lD DDw DF  ,EDO C
kh FClOFC - lF l p Co Dw ,UCr Dd ok k @ ,@S@ -
.ph D koCkCo O DF h PhCkpJ CN  DA  kz VCp pW
.kz PhCkpJDDw DCPF qC lDF DF h ,C rW Mo ok
vCPd ,kqCkpKF lDF m C p   Co Ck CpZ  C @@k
:lkCk fN D .l GN
⁽²⁵⁸⁾,OGp C k  DC OD lC  rW  
PhCkpJCo A lDF vC Dd  DC ,k PhCkpJ qC m CND Mo ok
.lPhCkpJ MDD  UCph vC Pd F m Cpq ,lD
PvCwC kD DC fe PCo  lOvC  d C D@G@
:lCkp 
k  wC DC  DWC PVo D @ @@ @ D@ ))
((⁽²⁵⁹⁾.D D   rWCC
vC Pd F ov k DP@@@C @ ,k @@@@h p@@ ok
,lFFC ,DDw F o oNCpKC V C DF ,lkp P@hCkp@J@r@V
Co rV DG  kCk oOvk  PvCh Co oD  k DorF ovD@d
FD ok  G  kp D pDh  lk xJ DA F p   qC@C
pz DF PvC   kF DPC FD@@ ok @@vC P@@@dl@@@N
DOdC  CpZ ,lD  kh lN F lCO@ @@vC P@@@d@@V
pz p@@ qC o@Fr@ @V P@D@ok ,@Cp@FD@@F .koCk k@VP@w@@z
⁽²⁶⁰⁾.Pwfe
D .U
rAGNMo F DC ,pOF Mlz DF vC qC J CV ok D D
:PpnJCo A Mop   C vC G k DC ⁽²⁶¹⁾.kF XCo
C OC  pw  DDv  DV l@ D@@@@ @O@ @ ))
((⁽²⁶²⁾.CoD
MDd D D
Co C  kp ((C h)) C@@ @F D@w@C @F @vC @ D@V A qC
lq F PGw oDwF DOC ,lCk Owq d V qC ,@@@dCoCk
qC ,CpFDF .PvC OzCk p DF h Oip@  D@w@Cl@D@
pFCpF ,Dw p  Dw qC C ,DwC  O ,@p@ Ap@p@@@
:Pw DwC DNO
O D@D@@ oC @ kD@w@ C x@@ p@@@F D@w@@ @O@ @ ))
((⁽²⁶³⁾.DVuDC
F Co ((D)) ,DF h Oio qC p@@@@V Cp@F ,o @C qC
CN  DDwC DN PvC kp cp loCkqDF  pJ CC@@
D  O ok DA MDvDwdC  r@Cp@  l@oCk Co Cp@@k@O@@
p Ap .lr Cpk O F Pvk ,D lD@@ D@F P@vCk@@
:l pm Z  CpF Co D wkh
((⁽²⁶⁴⁾.EDGC C D Dd DC    ))
,PvC pk O rWN  ((ND@C)) p@D@ @F @ ,D@@ qC @A @C
C F VN DF pW  CpZ ,k kD@ @D@l@q @D@  ((D@@dC))@F
.kzDF ND ,DF ND  koCk ond pF O EDNoC qC Co kh,d
D oDC Ph eN
CpzocC F F A GN F  Fp DCkd qC F C@
,D DV FllO  l N DwCp Co C C  kp 
:lOz DZ ⁽²⁶⁵⁾.PhCkpJ ND  pW PFpN  cC F lDF
 FpWNk ,C pF  .PvC   DwC p ,h NCqDW ,Cl@C
oNh pF  PvC kCk D Co Pd C kDq @D@vD@@z@@D@V
oCrFC qC kh koCl MDDV D ok  DN  ClC MCqDW ,@
⁽²⁶⁶⁾.PvC PDV  OClF ypOw
 MDGN F O DC ,lD   EC@ ,p@D@ @F @i@v @C
.kz zo (( GV)) Mo F A OvokD ,pFA
ND pW PFpN  cC p x b  lz pnO Co O C lDF ClOFC
C DVok , F  PvC G FD No ok iv C DC .Pw@
DpW Fko ok D  lz C P ko DpW P@Fp@N  c@C
:lv F  kz C pR Pe  PFpN
((PvC lG pF D kp Z Co CD PFpN))
r p Ap .lvo A  pz F PF ,P@@Fp@N  @@@ qC x@J
iv ClOFC ok  DA ,PvC kp oDzC H C F ,p C@F
CpVC F kh ,kp DN koA D@@ @F ED@O@ @@k  @vo D@voCqC
- PvC p p  pz kD  - A F ,phA ok  lD DPCl@
:PvC DvpN Piv ,DpW CpF  loDzC
 CrC  EDOC  DrC  MDGD@F D@@@vo D@@@voC l@@ ))
((⁽²⁶⁷⁾.uD D  llz uDF  lleC DrC  wDFuDC
 cC pF   Fp@ D@Ck@@d @F j@vD@J ok p@@@ l@@@z
:lw ,l lDN DpWPFpN
MCqDW?Z  ClC MCqDW :l  lz ClJ kCpC qC oDw@F
,kz ClC lDG,lz HNp Co ODV p DV : ,PvC DwC p ClC
:l ?leN Z  l VN Z Co kh iv D@C
lDF Co DDwC  koClz !orF D HW .kp cC lDF Co DV
PzCn  kp cC lDF ,lzPDV HNp  A qC G  ,kp cC
D ol F PFpN ,DDV pSC SDV ok DC .lrF pv ODV DA qC 
kDwC  kDw C F ,koCl kV cCC DN  D  ,koCl@ k@V
o  lOw pe pD DDVok @@@ @ .koCk k@V
 ?kp lDF p Z DC CpF .lq PDVF Pvk ,dC C
l   l cC DF DDV A ,lz  ClCMCqD@W@ @ ol@
F Pvk) koCk kV DA ok PDV co z p F  Cp@D@F@D@V
D C F ,kp cC lDF Co DV  C DF F qpC D (.lqPDV
cC Co C pF kp PDV  lF  l@@ P@D@@V oCn@@F Co @D@V@
D oD C F  k rGv CpZ DF DDV  F @oCk,@@@
⁽²⁶⁸⁾.PvC PDV F DVN
lvo p F  p  hC p pk DwC O ,ClOFC p ok
,pkO DF lDG  kCk hC p  DF Co hC p  jvD@J l@D@G@
pF pNFO DaF DV CpF  k oCkepV r Co pk Dk
.PzCn DV
F p  Dz lGD DF DC ,koCk Cl@G@p@  D@G@q p@D@ @i@v @C
((D)) d  kz zo DN  ,A D  @@@MD@@G@N
CpZ,ko oDz F hC p  PvC d C  F ,Pw hCp
D D  ,lCkp D pDh lz pO @ @@ D@@ @
ok  PvDDV F rGv CpZ kCk D FDS F o @Cr@V MCop@@qC
@F P@vk ,@@C l@F @D@FC kCp@C  D@@D@V @ P@vC p@@C
DO  Dl C pF C pOF .lq V  kpDoDO@@
oDA .PvC lz  ClC d ,DA ok @ P@vC @D@o@@ok kl@@O@
,k Hv Co  DvA  PC  Oo DF DZ DO@@@@Z
DV qC PDe CpF kD kp ,Do@ @@@F ok @ C@@@F
.lzDF OzCk Cp F p cv lz oGWkh
DA  kz  ,zDF OzCk Pvk ok DO DD@Fp@ qC oD@A p@C
D kz kF DwC p  Ph F O  PvC D@ @D@@C
 pOwF  P@vC @@C @D@ @C @F @D@@O@C@F ,P@@@@dok
qC lZ p D  DF ,pk DF F ⁽²⁶⁹⁾.kkp oDzFDO@
 ,A lDJ DC ,lz zJ Z oDD@@  @ND@ D@D@w@CCl@C
F  PvC D  DoC  PvC DOVC ok p@k oD@@z@FD@@O@
uDvC C pF ((.lCkpF DJ CkD F CoDF qC)) D ClO,c@@C
54 ,(DA lC OOwC vN) lz DWC DWvp G PvC
⁽²⁷⁰⁾.lOw ClC d CpVC DCh oDFk DAkp
kqk Pvk  .k
llNCo kp kDOC  DOVC  z PC  DpV qC pk @
,kkpV  kp hC rN pOwF lCN ,Dd  ok  l@@@
pVC CpF ClC p ,lO CV qC @@@F ok .P@vC ((P@p@v))
DOC F d ,pk Dp qC pRDN lF vC DC ,kF e@@
Ppv PA qC DV ,lF DN kCk A pz @F @V@N D@F oD@v
:lDF
((⁽²⁷¹⁾.DlC CD oDwC  oDwC ))
lAok zV F DGp DOvk pF MDvDwdC  C r D@V @C ok
qC DkF ,kqk z oDRA F VN  DV F PGw qv k  PCo D@V
:p lz pGN F .lClA pF kqk
,PvCDwC  C !?lpF lDF Co kqk Pvk  Z  :l pk
⁽²⁷²⁾.lA do F DwC k
:l oFr lOvC l ok DC
kqkMCqDW pC .lq Co pd C PvC DN Dzlk Dz  D@kA
pC lzDF OzCk   lzDF  kqk  kp Mo ykh DV ok
Co OC oDZ C ,lOF @D@  x@@@J D@@@Z @F  l@@ kqk
,Pw@ @l@F o P@D@@V @C Ck p@@ p@hA D@N l@@@@@@
⁽²⁷³⁾.lkqk
p,p C ok ,kz   oDv llz MCqDW pC ,pNk DF @F
DlDJDC  lz qv k  dpN @ pe : @ iz  d ok lZ
Hv DOVCkp qC ,PvC Ppv pV lzo  ,A Ml lF  Ml D@N@
.k lCh OiCo DV DOVC  kDOC PC  kp lCh PC
koCok MDw  ko  ok dpN ,dpN  C :p lz pGN @F
⁽²⁷⁴⁾.PvC pk
,lD((Ph)) Co kqk DOC   Dw jvDJ ok lz 
:l
,PvCPDC F op kqk ?PwZ P  Ph  :PvC C EC@V
DDdC kqkkh  Ch  F DCk ,PvC DOVC uD F Fp
Dlz iCD DOwz DJ  Pvk  Dlz O  DO F pW
.l qDF Co oCk phA  PvC okD NCqDW Z lk l@D@F ,k@z@
 Dl ,kz CpVC MCqDWC  DDV ok  PvC kCk D Fp@W@N
 lz O DkA  lv DDh  kz kqk DoCr@
DF ,kz CpVC D C  DV A DC,lz CD p@k D@kA
qC ,yCp oDRA  MDGN  DF kqkEDF  F ,kqk  DOC l@p@F
pV F ,Pw Ph Dh PDh DOC lpF .ko F
pNPiv l ok l DPh wv qC pV ,PvC P@@h qC
⁽²⁷⁵⁾.PvC
:kqk Pvk  Cpz
F D A CrV C ,vC p qC  lD OD @O@@ @C @O@G@C
D C F Dh  lzDF lz C G@ qC @ l@A@ ok Cp@VC@@dp@
 Ppv eN p F oDv DOC CpFDF .l@zD@F @O@zCk@D@A
pO F ,loCk oN Z vC DdC F DDzAD F kz@
:kz oDzC DA F oCPvp  PvC pz PwF qC FpF
-3.lzDF oDk xh D Fo qClC F kqk D yqoC -2 pw PD@ -1
-6 PDCok PDh l l -5 D ok PCpz l -4 D ok d OzCl
-9 Ppv okD MpzDG -8 kF Dh -7 D CpF C e  qpd k@V
-12   d F -11 MF  MFC l -10 Hp C l l@
oDv oDGVC l  oDOhC -14kG Co  kF D -13 oDv D v
J lz Ppv D ok oDv OzClPD -16  oCpC l -15
-19 D PDz  GD -18 DeqC J kp FN -17 D@e@ qC
Ppv  eN -20DkCk CpF Gz p Cl
FoFr d  PvC lz HV ,Ppv ld CpVC klO@ @Cp@z k@V
ok ,ioDN MDzoCr F FD  C F ,kkp CpVC ,Mol
Cpq ,PvClAok CpVC dp F d C oDF z  ,vC C p oDZ
pz HVF  lD oCzk l e  ok oFr pz @@e@N
F ,DV C ok lz DSOvC Ppv ld z qC oD@w@F kCp@C o@Fr@
⁽²⁷⁶⁾.kz oDzC DA qC F
.e Dv ok kqk a ,oCpC o qC  kqk -1
pD A D Co kh  DkC C DF kh pz v qC p@z kqk -2
.PvC kp
QoCF D kpiF Co lz Ppv D ,pz Dd pF Ppv MGR qC J oDv -3
.kpGF
r lD .Pw qDVC F  DA @F ko @ @@D@C qC P@p@v -4
.Dd  lWw G qC  DC  pCh ,okCpF,olJ
.kh PDz qC D HdD kp p p -5
.DFr Dh qC D kqk a  oD HdD qC pVC kqk -6
Col    C F ,lk DWC pNF D p k Co Pp@v -7
.koCkpF Co D pk  l qDF D lF
.lzDF l oCk C DV ok lz Ppv D -8
ok oDWN DC D DF kq S .k@z D@W@C @@ l@k ok P@p@v -9
.k
kqkF ClC ,PvC oDOhC ok PDC Mo F D  ,@C @i@z -10
.MCoCkC  DDhoD w  Cpl uOhC lD .l
C lzDF kh  kF kqk D  Ppv d F V l@ oD@v -11
.kp oCp DkCk w DkC
.kz pOvk A DNC qC J  Ppv d oDv -12
GzDOdC DF ,((MDGDF kleC olN)) vC CrV C FD@ -13
.kz Dv Ppv ld ,DkCk kr
e @ 
qClD llN Co A DDJ aA p  PvC  oDG@ @vC ok UCkqC
l oDJ  (()) oDFok .PvC o@@@  @@e@ ,@vC p@@
ok :koCk kV pN  CpC Co k ,PvC @@zD@q oD@G@@O@zo
zDq  lDG ,V b F  PvC ul UCkqC ,D@p@@@@F
 D  CpZ .PpnJ CN Co CpC  C .kz@O@w@w@
HC  lDJ DwF Z A EDF lv  PvC kV@ oD@ Co @p@hA op@
,pN Co CoClp ,FD ok .lzDF OzCk pF ok CpO p oCD
lCN DoDF kp  lCkoA DJ DZ Co q h F  UCkqCPr@@
D yp  lph lD .koAok l F Co C oDFk  kCk  Co k@hq
pGN F  kpiF ,PvCh P p  l@zp@@F Co A ,P@vC@h P@ p@@
⁽²⁷⁷⁾.PvC Op wDN DvA F Op  ,DpA qW
 H C D Ep ok lvo PGR F D@ D@FoD@@w@F oD@A
⁽²⁷⁸⁾.PvC oDk A ok kCDh lq C Owv
-Co  ,v  qC .PvC kCk CoC oCOvC  lO oD Co  @vC D@C
⁽²⁷⁹⁾kCkDV MD  MCo oDz ok - PvC UCkqC lJ a 
((lClh krDd pNG)) Co A A   C  pC pGDJ 
:lDp DV ok  l kD
qp@ @F Co @@C yp@ @ l@@l@ @  l@@@ UCkqC))
⁽²⁸⁰⁾.((koAok
Co phA C F ,op @C@ ok Co @ @vC ,@C k@V D@F D@C
v (()) qCV qC kp  C CpF D@C ⁽²⁸¹⁾.P@vC @O@p@n@JoD@
D kClN CpF ,lD kohpF kh pw DF D lD  lkD@@O@vC
oDFk DN kp  Mo C F ,PvC lz D Okle ,klW DUCkqC
qC xJ DC ,l Vo kh   C pw F oDFk lCN 
ok OGC.Pw pnJPpF  C  koCl Co C DF UCkqC d pk ,@v
DN  OzCnJ pw DF UCkqC CpF OqDF Co vC r dp C
 DF q ,v qC xJ  C A  PvC oDqDvD kp do D@F l@d
, cC ok - klGF Ck UCkqC l ,G Mo F pk kp
,Mo C ok .kzpW  F A  - kz pGN ((e)) F A qC
.lVo kh G pw F oDFk lCN C pz
dok kD p MCqDW  Co e Dkq Ep  DGp qC oDw@F
ok (e) D  F  OhD@v A qoD@F @@@ .l@@Ck@ kp@
.kF lz Op piwN F C d C ,A ok  PvC MDso
F DN  e  kz zo ,@O@zn@ H@D@@ @F @V@N D@F D@C
 CpZ .kp r Co kp qDF u V @@@F ,P@vC ((q))@@
hUCkqC ClN DCh ClV D ((e)) D lD DF qDF ukp
UCkqCDCh pC D  koA o  F ,Mo A ok  ,kkp@@
F oDFkq  l d    r Mo C ok ,Pw @@C
.lO OiFlF
:lDp e kV Mop oDFok wC Do DC
pN  PCp ko  lz koC oD ok oDF @v @C kp@ @ @C Cp@F
 kp  kp op Co MCqDW C ,HGv C F lClh .PvC@@C
⁽²⁸²⁾.ll oCqA Co Dq  loD GvCo
:lw e pN k oDFok r p lz
F oC  OzCk Crv F pRDN , qC p@V ok @@e@ @D@
  Ckp .PvC kF Ckp Z V D@kok l@l@@N @@@z
MokDG qC ,Po lCh kh C q Cpv F  lCkCk DO@dCl@ok
 oDwF  PvC PV @@ @F  l@Ckp@ oCkk@h @v @@F
.lF ((e)) F oD  kz ClJ qD @Z @ P@vC kD@O@CD@@NC
⁽²⁸³⁾.lzDF OzCk pV Mol ol C  PvC MCqDWCl
CpC  oDA dD MDN F D @@ @ D@l@ l@@D@N Cp@F
.qClC Fp Do
60) 1345 Dv ok CpC D oDA
10) 1355 Dv ok ,(
8) 1376 Dvok ,(
1987 Dv qC Fp Dook  oDA qC MDC phA DC .PvC kF (
34) 1991 DN
⁽²⁸⁴⁾.lk D Co (
lOC ,Ep D lCk ,((pO)) iv kD F DwC  PvDV @C
:l
  oD@Fok Ap@ @@C@ qC p@N@D@ @@D@ r@p@ l@D@z
⁽²⁸⁵⁾.lzDFl
:l r JCs e ((DNAo ZDv)) pOk DF
 PvC kp A N qC pV CpF ,P@d ok @@e@ @@@@N
p qC pC C  l kh pw kp @ @F Cl@C ,@@D@@l@F
C F  .Pw DvA A eN  kp CpF PvC D Fp,D
 DGV oC DDw CpZ :vpJ ,e Dw @@@
PpJ  DF Ep ?l kDW A oDFok  Op Co @@p@
o ,vC D@dC @@h @F  p@z @v @F ,koC@ qC oD@@w@Fok
⁽²⁸⁶⁾.PvCkoA
(k rCoJ) PvJ :kqD 
NDl TdDG
FpDd p ok  PvC ((k w)) TdDG qC DkC pSN D rCo@@J
okDGO Dz D  PCp lCkp cp Co A Ep CpO lV Mo
OwDCp klN A q  ,PvC DkC DN PDd Op@n@J A
DF OGC - Ozn k lZ F Ckld CpC ok TeF C @@@@@J .P@vC
ok C .kkppF - ((DkC klN)) C F F rCoJ cC
k F CN PvC OzCk DDi  CoClp kh CpF r@@ p@@ A
plz  ⁽²⁸⁷⁾DGDG   pD pO  @w@@@
.lOhCkpJrCoJ DFC F  lkD p C ok D k p  kp oDzC
,DloDF C  PvC lz zo TeF C  oDFk phC D@D@v ok
Z  lkpcp kp  CpF Oi DGpN  DW@ ok Co A
p DGDF D DzA  kkp DGDi  ok pv HV@ D@w@F
:plz pO pGN F  ,loCl vC  rCoJ
ECpC p ,CV G CpF Dh Gn  k p@@ qC D@ p@@
.⁽²⁸⁸⁾PvC CpeF  kk
qop  p qC ok F  Dz T@e@F @ CoC Mop@ o @C qC
C ,kz uDwdC J qC @@F C@V @w@ Cp@F @p@@N  Cp@C
Dz qC Co rCoJ l  eN  PzCk A pF Co loD MopuD@w@dC
ok lkpN  b DV  l x p HdD  p@O@@@l@C
oDOz C DGDi G ko  lzDG M C ok  h iN
.kpoCp r
k Mop.1
k kV F DwC  kkp fN O C lDF DkC pSN TeF ClOFC ok
qCl  P lDF A pOi jvDJ ok ? D PvC lqD CpGDJ PS@F
OzDF A DN  PvC OiGzh  MDW dDv F lvo DwC pA
lA kVF Cv C DV C ok kz pw C O DkClOvC l@z
pF  ? D ,koCkCo kh O DkClOvC PhDz CN kh ,DwC DA 
DN o F CoDOVC - kp vDvC C lC@N@ D@w@C D@A A
? D l  DOVC  kh MkDv
 DwC PhDz l lCk  @@w@@@ b@@ p@D@d p@@ D@N
,kqDN J F w   D  qo p  PvC l C pDqD
DwC pN ok Cn  ,kz rC @q @C ok D@w@C M@@W@p@F
.((OhDzD PvC kV DwC))  PvC lzO
o C ok Co DwC  l D@O@C @@C @@  P@@@d ,o @C qC
.⁽²⁸⁹⁾kkp DwC kD CpGDJ kDOvp DF  koCnDoF
pok l O DwC ,DGC PSF  k EDiOC Mop uDwdC qC l@@F
pSOHND  DkC kV VO ,qDA D ok ,koCn k EDiO@C
 ok.lkp EnV kh v F Co kp qC pS Cl p @ k@z@
, CpF,z kV DkC D kDF oDN VO ,qDA D@
 Pkk kp oDzC ,lp ((DvA)) F  D@kC @F C@N@
DF PNoq A.llO ((C)) lN  pz F  F  p ,Pe@w@
Op oCp kApzDkC kCl ok (pC  Ckr) OvpJ Dk cp@
 k  F EDh  PvCe ldN kD vC pk v qC  ,P@vC
:PvC lA p Ap ok ,fw
Fp   CC lG  C F  DF  C CDN EDOC C D ))
((.⁽²⁹⁰⁾Dz
PCN OdCo F kV DvA DkC DoC ok MDDN k@V qC
pC kVp  F D  DkC  HND ,lF i@N Co p@@k D@kC
 lOw PGCoD D  vl pC kV F D  D  lOw vl
.l A DPw HO S ,lCMG  lClh kV p