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 yqA lD @ DV Oi z  oC qC p p@@k @v qC
vN @ ...  Dok  PzClF,VoDh oC ,CoCk  kD@O@C ,yop@J
pq  C ok .kz oCkC  pFlN ,PCl "pq" D F @i@z
D Co DV z  oC qC iF  F FpDOD @
oC qC.lCD  lJ OzCk UDOe r Cpq MD .kqDv
 lJ d  kDWC w ,C ol D pq Pwi D F Co w
A lzDF v oDwF o ppC .l Coq D D
F Co PDC p oCkC  pFlN  l wN klO DO@D@C @F Co
 @ e DOk ,Do Z ok .loDKvCoq MD @
kDeNC DGNoC pl DF lDF @ koCk Dp pq Co ODC D@@A qC @p@
,DwlF .lFD DWC rp Pk v F pC C  ,lzDF OzCk
 ,Oi cv ok ,oCpVC DDOvk D  lJ
.kz
(D  ) pk  k pW  pF  ,Od D D@C
,lA llJ kDeNC  DGNoC  vp D  A Cp@F  koCk r@@
iz C .Pw  v Dvo  ,pk iz k@V @F qD@@
Ov DD ok  "oV xo" oVDD ok lCN
@ @O@@@@v D@@ @ P@vC @@@ .l@zD@F "D@@@v"
Pv" Dv Mo C ok ,lzDF (@@NCp@@k)oD@w@kp@
.PzCk lCh "p
 Dd  ok ,  D ,pW  v qC p ,HNpN lF
pk  k qC Ow DGpN koCk NCop  MDD ,k@h ok ok
uCo pF  iz  Pw  C pDv qC DF  ClV  F ,P@vC
p qC ,xJ .kqDv D pl DF Co @v ,koCk D@V C@
 MCoDOhC ,pk p qC  lA Dd Mol rWN  C N
,kz e Mol rpN  lz rpO   ok DPw
.ko Pvk qC onfD Ovk k qC b WO ok
Oi DD ok ,oC D@C qC @p@ Mol@ Cr@@ @O@G@C
@ P Ciz ,DD qC CoD@J ok .koCk MD@@N oD@vkp@
  PvC o Mld (Gv) ro  @ oV xo D Dv
MCoDOhC   koCk @ DV oC oCkC pFlN ok @ ClZ Pw 
DoD oV xo ,DD qC pk CoDJ ok ,xpF .@Cl@@Z
lzDF OzCk kV pqPwi Ch ,koCk l pF r Copq Pwi
ok pq Pwi,DvDvC Ch  lzDF OzCl ClZ pRDN oC oCkC ok 
 oCpN qDF   p p DNDN  C qC .lzDG oD
oDO   C N , oDvkp DD@@ ok @
l pF Co Dv C kpD Pw p    PvC
Ppv F oC   d  kz kpKv CkoD F oDp  DN koCk
  lFDD ,ld pO F ,Mol qC kDOvC v  l@FD@ D@W@C
Mld  lzDF OzCk D  DGNoC oC D@C  CoCr@oD@
.lDF e DV
,lA J pN  CpC DkA DoD pDv ok  D DC
ok ,lClJ CpC CoFp DPpl r oD wN @@h ok
DV z  oC ok Oww  lCpJ  oDZk  ,WO
.PvC lz  CCp ld DN DoD wNqC Dp   lCO
C l EDWC Co DoD wN   CpC qC  @O@@
kh d F kq F kp  kp DWC Ppv F DoD@ P@vC
CpCwN pRC pF   lD Fh F D@C .l@@FD@ P@vk
lCOF DN l p p  P  Nl lDF iz  ,D@oD@
DOvk ok Co pC C DpOF .l DOvC Co @Z@ @@d
qo k  ok ,lCN  NDqD ,lk CN  CV D
oDOp D DOvk DiF  pCk h  Z ok DZlFD 
lzD  d Da Dv lZ Pzn qC xJ ,D  lA
 Cr   lvo DWClF DDdC DN  phDN C .lD@@
DGpN qpC  @ vCpoF  oDwCkC .kz O C@k
ok CpC WO C ok @ P@vC p@@F @C@V @@ p@@@@Ck
.PvDoDwN

Mol rpN  rWN oDFok vC Dlk
rpN  rWN HDV k qC p vC Pd ok  GF @C
C r vC D ok Pw z .kz PDo DW D@N Mol@
ok .PvC lDN  CpOdC ko kpKv CkoD F l@D@F Co oD@ @ @C
kCkDWC OwDz  kpKv w F Co oDlDG vC P@d
Pvok OhCkpJ  PvC O  klO@ D@oD@ @Z  ,koCl@ Co A
Od ,PvC AoD  Ck  kFCoCk O D@A qC @p@@F
a .PzDOi  O oD lZ F Co kp lDG olC
lFD   d  Dq pODN ok lDF DV oC  C C
.l  pOe PvC C ,kkp PDolDF DoD wN  pw@N 
F .koCk Co Mol rWN  oD wN D@@O@C p@C k @C qC @p@
 A pz F  lzDF OzCk Mop  DWA DN oD wN ,PV
,kkp p HV ,kh  k kpOw DWA DN yp@@@
.kF lCh 
 Mol qC kDOvC v DOdC ,Mol rWN CoClp kC qC @@
rWN ,A qC pJ CpF PvC Mol rpN Mo ok P@vD@o
 DC pC  A jvDJ ok .l rocp Co Mol
,PvC O  F oFr Dw lzDF vCDV pGo  oClD@q
 vDv DNol  @W@ @Zp@C ,@@@ @i@z Cp@q
DC PG Dq ok .kp lCi kDOvC v rp ,lzDFD@@O@VC
lCi iz ,vC DV Dd lZp r ()@@
v CCp ld DN kz CpVC Pk F D OJ cp p@C @ ,k@F
v qC pV CpF Co pOFCpq ,PD lCh @N kD@@O@vC
DlO r  N D ok  PvC C ,Mol qC kD@@O@vC
qC  Dw  D qC  kz F lDN DA PCl CN pF ,o@C
pNO loCk Co oD  lN PD@@ ,@Fp@W@N  @@ D@e@
D cp lz WO .kkp E  lrpF DA pOkD
 oFr cppC  Pw D ClF C OGC .Pw C rV r
qC  kp lCi kDOvC v kh Mol qC @@w@ b@@ kkp@
,Dd p ok oC w .kq lCipv Dh oC DC qC b
Co on cp aA .ko DA kDOvC v DOdC  lOw 
F Co DkDOvC v ,A CpVC  PvC C l qDO ,Ddppk qC
.lDvo ld pO
Mop r  oC DC D  DGNoC Mop ,p@k @v qC
rpN ,r vC Dok  l EDWC ,D@V Ml@d @@d
ok lDF vC Pd cp Z  ((53)).lzDF OzCk kV Mol
A ok Mol rpN C lDF lzDF CpVC FDr D@V @@D@V @
ok  phC   fD F VN DF Di ,kkp @e@@
ok .PvC PD e  VN ko ,rZp qC F vC D@@@
EpC ,kpDV Mol p uCo pF  w ,vC P@@d
 Pw C qC D ,Mol rpN C ,PvC P D F w
lFD eN op oD wN "wpC P" qC pNDJ HNCp ok
rWN ,l EDWC op oD wN  DWA DN pGo D qC x@J 
.kpnJ Mo,Mol

w kDOvC v qC pJ DCo

Pw Cok OhDvkle (C
 Nol qC oC w DNC F Hp@ P@p@S@C l@Cl@k @Z
 Od ,DVpvDNpv ok  DWA DN ,l kDOvC v lFD@@
kp F ODh b  kCk D CN Co Dd D@@O@vk
Pw Cok  lCkpVoDZ Z ((54)).l@zD@F kp@@
DA DN lzDF kle @ DF Dko w t F @ o@C @w@
.l N ,PDh  kDOvC v CpF ,MlqCokDDpF lCO@
iz,DA ok  DD rV F @ oDwkp DD  ok DGpN
oCnC C F oD  lCk o Mld ro  Co P@@ C
p lN Cok @lk  F NCoDOhC D@G@  l@@@@@
ok a .PvC Dv P DNpSCld  v D k F kle w@
qC F D oDF k qC F  koCl d iz ,DD C qC oDwF
O C Vok HD  MDD@@ l@@O@ ,@C@O@ oD@F k
kDOvC v N rV oC C HN  cp r@@@C.kkp@
.Pw w
 kDOvC v Cr pFClN Z  PvC Pvok ,D@ l@@@ @F
 PzCk VN lDFDC ,lk N ld DN Co oC DC P@D@@h
ok  lOw DizC .PvC orF DDq  lvD H@V@ k@h
CCp EoDWN ,oC D@@ MD@D@v@ ok  k@h p@@ @
lN CpF pC .lCkp Hw v DDA  lC@O@hl@C
DA MDpF qC Co DV z D Dq PkleF Dw @@@Z
CpFDq kld N qC  PvC A pOF ,oC qC .Ckp pe@
lN CpF  w F  F Pvk ,oC DlO l@N Cok
pF PvC Z  O DN lFd PvC Cpk qC pNOwDz ,pC 
DODh  DkDOvC v kCkD D kpFD qC CpF .lzDF oD pv
.kp Ch oDzC DA F  llC CN pNlpFClN r

voqDF  MoD (E
oC DC DODh  DkDOvC v ,MDiN F lvo o F
qC p  kzkDJ @ vC DV pGo  oClDq qC p@ @
z  oC qC  ok Co pGo MoD Pv @ @D@ D@Co@z
C lN  N F ,Dh Dz pC A CpF  koCk P@@@
MDF CpVC z pF  lzDF OzCk "voqDF pCk"  ,kqCkpJ
A lGF iN DV ok pC  l MoD o pvDNpv ok CozA
 ClZ  rV Co iN pC Coz .l@ yoCr@ Co@z @F Co
l DOC ,lw iO iz CpF  CoDnN F ,P@D@
pC oCkC DkCk .lkDVoC "oCkC D@kCk" @F Co C @p@
 O ,iO iz F ,PD CpVC ok  ld ok Co @i@N
A ok PwCN pC iO .l cC Co kh ,PpA ok DN lk
cCDkCk DDo  DoDnN uDvCpF Co kh , P@@@
pC DC .kz oDpF oD qC C kkp qDF kh oD pv p@F l@@
,iz PD l qCzD   lzDF CpVC ok  qC F @i@N
oCkC DkCk kz Ewe "pV" F lzDG@ @D@ Cp@VC Cp@F
PvC OwFC D  F  @ p Dd DkCk F Co iO
kh D qC  A pF  pW ,pV MDGRC Mo ok .lOvp@ @
.kkp e ,vC D C  pF ,kzr
qC ,kz E D F  w D kDJ cp ok ,CpFDF
OwDz l ,D ok  C p ,kkp r D@@ A
C qC pNOwDz iz D kkp PDh HNp D lk D@@ Co k@h
kF H  D Dd pF .kzPD D A lN CpF
r r ,D  @@ @@k l@F ,P@w@@ oD@ ok @V@
DDq  lvD DWFD DH  r CpZ ,kp@@@@Mo@
.koCk DGk F oDzF
F oC DlO N D ok Z ,D cp ok ,C iv DN
Cld F DODh  MDiNlk CCp PC PCl  CN D
F "voqDF pCk" vN ,r OD DWC DODh  MDiN ,lvo
,D qC iN Cr F OwF DA  lvo DD@Co@z @C
(oCkCDDkCk) DA F OwFC DDkCk D D DCoz kh
(p D d DDkCk) D  F Fp DDkCk D@
.l mDiNC iOoDFok Co OwDF  OwDz MDN

pGo D DC pF MoD
 lFDF vC fe PFpN DC DV pC  PvClJ O@@D@
w ,kpnJ Moon cp  pF  F r oC DC N
D DV  D oD ,kz pGo D@ l@@O@ @
 PCl ,o ,N ,pFlN  Ppl,PD D wWN  @@vC
qC kDOvC v  kp F PDh rp WO ok kF l@C@h P@D@C
CpC vC EC pG pGo oDFok D DZ kp lCi@D@
Co D CoN rp 1h DC C CA Mp@@d
 pGo CDh CA Mpd ko ok  F Ow@C@N@@
 PwCk lDF DC .oCl Co oNZ r (DC  l) EC
ko F pD CN ,DV @z  o@C Cp@F r@ocp@ ok
ok  PhClCok dp DZ lDF F kF  @@i@z D@h
FD DwF ,DV D CdC  DC  oDqo DhpZ
DV pGo  oClDq  PzCk p ok lDF xJ lzD@F Cp@VC  @@
 ok  PvC Oe CpFDFPw  ,D@dp@ @F @@vC
PvC vC PC pGo  oClDq oCkl  w ,ioDN 
qC b D kkp PDh D kDOvC v HNp  kzyr@ oD@Zk
oCllJpGo iz qC pNOwDz kp   lD J r o@C @C
,PD De qC ,kh Dh  ok pGo koCk D@C @Cp@Z ,k@z
yiOvk Od D l OpJ lDF PCl  CN ,pFlN  Ppl
,lF v C ok pk w pk v qC  ,kkp pwJ  D@e@C
,plN pF .ko pNCp  pGo ld qC  lDKF Co D lzo UoCl@
?kp lDF Z koC C qC  p ok
DpGh xW" D qC  ,CO C qC J  D
.lzDF OzCk k MoDpGo D DC pF  PvC C "pG@o
fe @ DpGh xW D q F @  kp oD pGo Dp
N DkCk DA kG  DoD pz qC FD@ 
VN Co kh  ,DkCk A ok  lCh  qC  l@@k@
 k  ,kh qC Dk ok pGo pC .kqDv l Co A Pe l
OwDz,oD CkC CpF   lFDok DpGh x@W@ D@@C
lN CpF PvC kCpC fC  Co pk  l r@ koCl@
qC p ,vC ok Cpq loCkE@@ @D@V @F ,p@G@o D@@
.lzDF D FDN lDF  F Pw D  w b :
,WC Td  Co w DpGh xW DpC @a@@
.lD pGo DV F Co C lOwCk pGo iz qC pNOwDz
 lzDF pGo iz DC pF pD oC lDF D@p@G@h x@@W@
,lz oCllJ pGo qCpNOwDz w pC DN lzDF HCp  lpO OvJ
Mol vC DV pGo  Pw Z .kz C DV okF
 vpJ ko Co  lCO w  lzDF OzCkCpZ  ZF  @
p ok w p  Pw  Z @O@G@C .l@k oCp@ P@vC@hqD@F
 OwDz DpGh xW DN ,l cDOvC Co pGo lCOF,p@C
.koCk Co oD Z d
DlO pk ko ok   pGo ko ok  , C @ @D@d
Mop  A pF ,lN Cok CpF Dq kld N ,o@C
,iz  D OGC .koA oDF F CCp DDq Dw@F @Z ,koCl@
ld lVC  qDF  PvC Cpk qC pNOwDz,D  l@N Cp@F
qC CN Co w Z .P@w@@ P@@d@ E@@@  @D@
,qDA D qC Co lN Cok  P@zD@@ oD@ @F ,Mop@o
fC w Dq DN D Dv k D  DN S PwCk ld F kle
lN Cok CpF Dq Pkle N ,Dd p@@F .k@z P@D@
"C"  C F ,vC Od vDv D ok ,oC DlO@
DV  A Pwi ,koCk l H k C CpZ ,Pw OpnJ
fC kleD   lN pF  C  kD MD@p@FqC Co
 lk mCDV F A k ,l pe PvC HNpO kCpC
Ml q  @ Co G w ,fC kp@ l@zP@D@ Mo@ ok
.l oDpFoD qC @ l pKv Ow

D HN dCp
lDN A pF  Ck kh cp qDOC V qC Co A  pk O
ok C "pNlkv"oFr cp ok  P@vC @C @oCk CCp@
,H lzpOzo CpF ,kz  Dq Ml "p@O@D@N@"
 D ok  klO dCp F CoDlCh V@N P@w@i@
@ pq  . HV kz  ,D   CpF ,D o
N  Dw qC  o  d CpF @ yopJ  yqA pqS
pk  kh oDqC ,Pw Ow  P@D@@ q@d ok @
 D ,ll Nl DA .l N dp  lCh DvDzoD
 loA Cp Co E cp DWCpv l oD  eN
.lk pq F
,A oDFok Coq  qC  lk CoC Pk MD@ @F Co cp@ p@q
ok p oDC OwDz pq DN Pw z .l Chp
oC pq .PvC yopJ  yqA pq D koCk Co cp C h
 Co pq ,p pq ,CoCk  kDOC oC pq,o p@q ,@VoD@h
C oDFok Co qCpFC Cp@F @O@@d@ @Z Coq p@@k  p@FCp@N
yopJ  yqA F Fp oC qC DC DA  Ck ?l@oCkcp@
C Dd ok ,oCqDF  Z kp C   DF PvC pFCpF DwF @Z
CpF Coq  PvClJ OD .lvpF Pk MD HN F lDF cp
Co A ok  DpN  hkZ ,llF Do cp@ @C @F @ A
xW "yopJ  yqA w" F lzS cp DA .loCk
on w DC  PvC C pF p .kzkDOvp Co@z
,Cok  lCk  DC ,li@O@ yop@J  yq@A p@C ok
iO @  Pvok D F @ DA qC N  Od  PvC 
CoCk lDF Coz xW ,oDZDF Z ,lzDG@ yop@J  yq@A p@C
C P F Co xW DC qC kClN ,lzDF w @@@Z
 Dw DF XolN F DvoDZ Ml ok  lzDF ,lCkoAokw
!l Dd DzA yopJ  yqA pC M
yopJ  yqA w DC , FD Nl Dd pF
cp C DA lqCkpJ lzkDcp cC  d  l  vopF F
wV F PvC lz C pN  hk  oDFk D@N @ @ Co
lZ D k D  PvC  OGC .loCk lN Coz xW
qDF .lvpF Coz xWok e C lzcp F PF DN ,konF Dv
 lzDF Dw xW DlD D ok pC @ P@@ l@D@F
ok  lDA  lzDF OzCk ,Co oFre oDFok Co qCpFC OwDz
Vo qC , C DF ,p loCk P yopJ  yqA w@
PpSC pC Dd .Pw pr  rp xW DlD@ @F
e,l ko Co A  llF  Co kpGD e F DlD
lZ qC xJ ,yopJ  yqA pq F  kz kCl @ @ D@
 qC Co oD  lzDF  dplC ok lDF  lvo pGh ,oDOC Dv
Co DlD PpSC pC  .PvC oDwF ,pC C pD  l qD@A
DF  PvC lz HN Ce l HNCo e  llF PGS@
yopJ  yqA pq F  C  DvD@zoD@ @ C@@C cp@
P CN  F  koCk MDN ,DvA DN q qC ,lCkpp
,C lvD fD DN PDo PV qC ,kz HN @a@A @
 hk  PvC  Fh F Cpq ,kF lCh A C cp qC p@Nl@F
pOkr Pe F Co Owi cp ,CpGhF DDzAD DpN
HNF e  Dq .koCk  pNok A qC PvC v ,l
C pDv  kh CoD qC  kz oDZD pq  lvo xW@
p  P Dv lZ qDF A pF  ,r lGF pk @dp@ @
aA  Pw  ,kz llV cp@ p@@ ,p@ l@@Z
,lz C kkp  C cp D qC pNlkv pOF kz HN
.lzDF