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 DdC kV F qD DV  D lz zo Fh F DN
oCnD F lqD uDvCC pF  koCk d  DO@VC MCop@@
Dd UDOe ,CpFDF .koCk  MCop  DdC CpVC F UDOdC PvC
ok  kppF qC  nD o pF DA koA  C p@ .P@vC
oC,pF joDN  ok .l Ck Co kok DA OzCk @v
oDFok ,Cpk DF D lCOhDz Co kh d D  lCkF Dw@
d F  DF D lCOzCk pOhC ,kh d Dqp  kl@d
,plN p F  lClApF pDv d F l@@N D@@ ok ,k@h
Dw Z .lCkp OClF  Up  Up yiOvkCo DV
DV D A CpF .kF lCh  lA ok  lOw r @@C
DOvk lDF oDZD F ,lw  qC oC qCpz  k OhC oDZk
 kz C CpVC D kh Pz Mol DF  lzDF OzCk kV
DkA  A CpF .lk Dz Oiv F D koA Co F Co DiO
lDF ,lvpF PvDClF  DOVC lq l  e@D@@@F
pw  C  lAok   CpVC dp F ,@ @F @ @@C@
Mpd  D@Z ((P@@@d)) k@V D@F r@V P@@ l@C@i@
Pd  lF  UoCh F jvD@J ok @ 7H@D@@FC@F@@
:kp @ ((Pw Clh CpF rV Pd , C d )) :lO
uD lF C  C pC       C d  C ))
Clh Dh ((d)) PvC Pvok ,oA ,(3)pVD C p@F p@@C @
PvC C DzkCp ) l (UoCh ) DC  ,PvC DO@
oDZD F ,kp  A Dd  ,PvCDO Clh Dh ((Pd)) :(
.((PvokD Z  oDOvok Z ,lzDF OzCk Dd lDF
 k F ,DV p CpF Pd kV Mop  C W@O@
.lDF oDok lGN kC  C qC G ,kz MDGRC
DN  (4)d D pOF  pOD CoCk PvC k @vC
CpF  PvC l PvC oCkohpF oDG@O@C  yqoC qC P@D@@ qo
 ok @ DkA  DOVC  kp lq V  kDFC @@V
kV lCN k Z .koCk MCop DdC @ oD@@C  oD@@C
  k F D xJ .lCl O@w@D@F  op@ Co P@@@d
  koCk NCop  DdC ,Pd CpF  ,vC  MDGRC
kC F qD  ,lCkop w DV CpF Co Pd kV
Dw C oDFok  PCo  D A  pC Od .oCl l@G@@N
 ok lDF  Pw r lGN kC OGC.OzCl  ,kF@@
  k C qC lDG DC kz C vopF  @D@@ ko@
 MDA DC pC F wN Z pC pk pGN F .@@P@@@
 pF  k C  ClF lDF  ,koCl DzC MDCo
.PvC l DA
kV vC  C ok Pw CGz  @z b@@ D@V ,@@h
k C  C DOdC .lCk op vC PC CpF CoP@d
PDv DwC oDFok Od D l  Co P@d k@V Mop@
MD  MD qC Dw C C xJ .PvCO  F ,l@zD@F
 Pd P h ok Pw SeFpC .PvC vC ul k
PvC C DSC  C MCoDOhC  D kld  Dd N @Z
.kkp   Pv  EDO F Vo DF lDF

oClDq  Dd Cpz
@ Pd DlO  ,PvC D CpVC Pd   Z
,D F PGw lDF @ koCkDV Mol p uCo pF  w@ t@@F
.l CpVC Fh F Co A lCOF DN lzDF OzCk D DCk  DA
,lzDF pOF DV pGO d D  CF   w p
lCh pOF P@d@ ,P@@@d o@C l@@N Cp@F D@@G@
PvC C DV Cpd C pz  P CN CpFD@F.P@zCk
,lzDF CpkqC F A co  DG  D F yC D@dC @
d   F kp C lDF vC vDv  d D@@ ok x@J
.lzDF Dd ,vC
koC ok Co kp fD , qC F  PvC C Cpd k pz
.l DN Co fD A,D G pF lCOF DN lvDF rV  Dh
D Dh koC pF A GN CpF ,D O@w@Ck p@ @ Cp@Z
Dd ,PvC q r D Cl  d iN F ,Pw
 lClFDN lzDF OzCk GDV   D DA  MD qC lDF
Co D  l oDOo lDF Z CdC  DC p ok  D@q p@ ok
.kkp DN dD  D l DN l CpVC Z
 .lzDF Cpk qC F C hC Pd  PvC C v pz
,MD F PGw r  Aco  DG  D F PGw w PvC
,lzDF F qC C  pNlCk Od  lzDF OzCk D Ck  @
lzDF kh iz CpC eN J ok  ,OvpJvC F DC
ZpC wZ .lzDG DV kCpC  fD @@l@C ok 
okD d A DO F  koCk p ok Co kp fD  l kC
p  iz D DND yo C ok  l@
kDOvC v DOVC  vDv Mol  D qC @ A Cp@F .P@vC
d kp fD DO F  D uDvC pF dD@d  k@@
 lzDF OzCkD CpVC CpF Co hC Pd pOF lDF ,lCo
 NC  w .lzDF kp lC  oC ,NC @ D  cC F @
,PvC D  F   k CpVClC ok ClV lzDF kp l@C
.kz DN  p D ykh op F pC C Z pC
 D PhDz  @ koCk ((OhDz)) GV ,pz v @C qC D@N k
 hC GV v @   Cl PhDz p@@k  @@d
Hwd pF Pd pC DlO  ok pz v C .  @do
H  D  A DG .lzDF OzCk kVlDF ,DGNCp@ @O@hC
C qC  p lVC ,pOD e F lDF PvC kp qCp@dC Co p@ND@F
oCp Mol p uCo pF lDF  lCN w ,C pFDF .lzD@F p@C@v
.lzDF pzv C CoCk DV pk kCpC  qC @@F @ kp@@
,C lDF loCk oCp Dd DOvk pNDJ HNCp ok   @D@w@
 PD qd  DAoD F @ @@C@ qC oCl@@ A @F P@G@w@
qC DAD @ lzDF OzCk D DA ,PvC Fp DO@@w@
ClZ ,koCl Fo DA Dp F  C qC @D@@@i@F
Dh  rV lvD  fD F PGw ,DDR  @ lpA @@@
 fD  OwCk @ lzDF OzCk C  D CkDzoD d
CpF CqClC F pC DSDR  @ koCl Mop rV  Dh lvD@@
,lOw PCl  o ,N lVC ,koCk Mop DV  oCl@D@q
,lDz  lDF DZ ,Co kh oD lzDF kD  O ld ClF DN C
.lk DWC
p uCo pF  w @  Pvk @  PvC A E D @O@G@C
D F  p qC ,lzDF OzCl  pOZ koCk DV Mol
N p qC   kD  MD PhDz De F   A DG 
PhDz C ld ,PD C ld pk pGNF  ,P@Cl@  o 
 rV  Dh lvD  fD  kV CdC  DC  Dq
,D vC p ok .lzDF lVC Co PCl  o  N C ld 
Pd DoA z ,CpFDF .lDCC  DV : 
 MD F   DdC F  ok  @  D@C @ P@vC A
wD FD  DF DwC b  PvC pNpF  qC PCl@  @@Nok
.kz DV  Cpd  oClDq @ Pw
Cpz DC ,Pw z b on pz v oDGOC ok Dd p @F
kV Pd ,A l Pd kV w@ qC @O@vD@hp@F P@vC
,Pd pC DlO pC .lAok CpVC F D  PvC C P@d
rZ PvC  ,lvD D  Fh F Co ADG  co  D
lWO ok ,lzDF A DF D  D l  l@oAok Cp@VC @F Co
 D DzA pC a .kz p   kkp PN D@
 fDqC  lzDF OzClC kD  DdC MD D@F @C
F Co D DwF Z ,lzDF pGhF   r@V  D@h l@vD@@
Dh CdC  DC  ok Co kp fD l@@ Cp@VC C@@z
ok oCnD pC Di ,kkp  p qDF  l @@D@N
,oCk Ewe Pd z qC  Co P  pO@  r@Vo@C
D ((ODdC)) D ((Dv DdC)) vC @@ ok @D@@Z
C ok .kz kpz w pC  z qC ((Od DdC))
pC lO  C pF lA PvkF pNzo oDwF @k ,Mo@
 Dh lvD  fD  lvDF Co Dq  Dq Fh F lDF Pd
 l okD Co DdC DZ lCOF DN lk rN Co kp@@@@
.kD l PN HGv  lzDF D fD l@ @@D@N
kp D p  DV  D  @ Pd pC DlO pC a
qC Co DA  lzDF OzCl CoN loCkqDF  @ PvC DA oDOhC ok
 l ClJ DC Z DV kCpC ,koCkqDF x C p@J
 lN yiOvk Dzp  DV  D  kzD D@d
?kkp C qDWN
 C A  PvC q  pk pz ,pz v C e@N qC x@J
OzCk Pd mC qDVC DO Clh p qC lDF D@d @i@z
kq F  Pw p  D C PdMo C p ok ,lzDF
.P Ch iv oDF C ok
p Cpz ,Dh koC ok DA eN qC  PvC C Cpz DC
(5).lA Pvk F r

Ap ok oClDq Cpz
CpF on pz v Mop pF koCk Pk   k @Z
ok aA xJ koCl lGNF qD A MDGRC Cn ,Pd pC Dl@O@
kF kDzoC MDDF @ cC F @ PvC lA oDF C ok Pv  EDO
DA qC F F C .lzDF on  k l lCN 
: oDzC
p DzkDJ lk ECh DOvCk ,v ov qC 53 DN 43 MDA ok (C
 llD CND C ECh pGNqC CoCrECh   Ch Co
,DzkDJ  A qC xJ .kp pGN Co C Do @ okF @ v Mpd
kr Co C kCk oOvk ,lz Co 7v Mpd DGq  koDwF pGN
.loA 
 p qC  kppF PFDFoC kr :P C kDOvp F v@ Mp@@d
.upKF @ llpFCo kh Pvk  @ oDFok Dq rADNC Hp
.kp V  upJ Dq qC DzkDJ ,PqDF Co DpV  PpF kDOvp
OvCo  PDC ,ClDJF   lk CpOC F DFq ,Dq
Co kh oOvk DzkDJ pk oDF DWC ok .lkCk MkDz 7v Mpd
,kp oCpN
C C D  D w iOvC F OC @@C D@))
,(6) dC o C Crh  VC D # C  Dl@
 .qDv kh EDeC Ch qC Co C DN loA  kr Co C :P DzkDJ
HdD D kr ,qpC N :P ,PhCkpJiv F v Mpd DF Z
qpv C Drh PvpJpv Cp :kp v # C  oD@@O@hC
((.DA  loCloDwF  k oCp
C p DzkDJ  l kDJ O 7v Mpd  F@
P kDOC oC oCkC pFlN  koDF o A Drh p@F Co
 oCl )) : koA k kh kDJ CpF ,l NlF Co
C O  HC qC  Ck   : ,((DCk
 lzDF lDF Z A p  qN  lN  kp kDOvC lDF Z
PDh A ok   oCl CC qC lzDF lDF DZ 
.Ow CoCk Co hC   Cpz   ,oCk Co
Mpd lCh Z ,DO lClh  Ch (()) ov ok
,lDp D D H D Co (wC  A DG @) kCk
,kF MG D HdD 7kCk Mpd OGC .lDqA Co C P@w@i@
D  kp oD C C  DdC hpFDDA C pFDF
,PD qC p p DF  pF G DO F DC ,PzCkpF
Clh ,o C qC .PzCk kV lA J O  CpF  C DOdC
 D D D lN CpF ,kDDv DF Co C  A CpF D@@O@
,O)) Ap Dw ok  koA J CdC  D@C l@@ kD@A
:PvCOp D ((DqA
r kCk  Chk mC # ECpeC CowN mC iC CG NC  ))
  eDF DF dDF  DF F Dh iN  CD 
  W wN  wN  hC Cn C # CpC Cv C DlC N
CwF  l D # EDiC  r  DCD ldC W
C F  F G DiC  CpS C  VD C OW@
DO DC kCk   D   MDeDC C@@ C@@C @n@C
 r Dl C  m  Dp # EDC DCo ph  Fo p@@O@vD@
DF (kCk) ECpe qC  D DDz DOvCk DA ,(7)ED @w@d
 llz koC C pF (lF) D A ok # PvC lvo N F lOo
 Ow Dz p k ,upO :lO ,kp Pd DA l@k qC C
oCk d F D D ok C ,PvCkp Ov pk pF D qC @@
 okCpF C # ! PCl PvCo Co F Co D  koCl@ Co @O@v  @
, l oCpC C DC .oCk    koCk    k ,P@vC
# PvC kp G  pF O ok  oCnC  @F @ Co @@ @C
F A krC CpF N   PvChok DF C Dw:P@ (kCk)
F (DOvk ) Dpz qC oDwF  ,OzCk Co Ov N pF ,D@@
DWC fD DC  koA DC  Dw p l Ovpl@
C DF) Co C D @ P@w@Ck kCk .P@vC @ D@A l@ D@C l@CkCk
F  k yqpA H yoDkopJ qC o C qC ,Ck@qA(Cp@VD@
CoCkD kr C  ,liF C pF Co  C D # kp FN  kDOC lWv
((.Pv DWCpv  C D
oCk w p  kp Mo DZ Cp  kz d@
Ck C  A qC xJ .kpd 7kCk Mpd lD Pvok ,kF
 kp EDOz oCk ok CpZ  lA kh F 7kCk Mpd ,l@@O@o
 OvCh  pk A qC PwDF ,kCk dDN  okF
koCk lDzkh DkC Pe pF pC  l k DC  lF iv
PDo Co MD DdC  lC  C lF  kp WN ,koD@@F
HdD pF ,DwF Z  kp oCk ,Dz FoDF lF ,@@
C  PwCk 7kCk Mpd .zDF kp DV l@@v@ @  k@
oDkopJ qC o C qC .PvC lz koA J C qA CpF C
Hwd pF  kpFDC  FN  kDOC o F  PvCh yqpA @@h
DiF   H DO Clh qC  Pwp qo Z ,MDCo
.kp
D PDo  DN  ok uok Co 7kCk Mpd DG ,RkDd C
ypnJ CpF Fh F Co Npd PhA D MCop  @@C@
Clh lDJ C qC xJ PV  F .PhDv kDA D  D@@
IkCk MpdF DO
: l EDh 7
 eDF uDC F dD o C h DV D@C kCk D@))
Cok Co N D !kCk C ,(8)C Gv  @@ @@C @G@O@N
qC   oCk d F kp D ok xJ ,kp DV @@qp@v
((.lPCp DO Clh Co qC   pJ ,x C
 lDF ,MD D lO  p WO r MDA @C qC
 PvCp ,Di  ok ,D C  DdC OwCk pF
 ok qC xJ  kqo EDOz oCk ok  lzDF OzCk D@ @p@q
CpO qC  p DN l okD d ,pC HCV CpC  ok DN
.kp Ov w pF  lvpF kh d F
:Ch pF ov ok a
TFC  G CD mC v lF  CpvC F  C C pN C))
 TF lC C G  D  # ...C Gv  ND D@@@ D@@
  DF dC e D C   C CD D MD
C wF kCq  C C C D DC  @v M@
lD DA ,(9) vC C D  @ @N@ C @w@W@C
:lO kh pGDJ F  ,v qC lF CoCpvCF qC V kp
 # ... oDJ Clh Co ok DN  EDiOC D CpF (lDp ) oClDq
Dz oClDq CpF Co ((MD)) lClh :PDA F DzpG@D@@J
qC D  C DF ,l Pd D pF C Z :lO .PvC kp QG
Dz pF Co C Clh :P !?koCl kDq Mp@R C  @p@N@O@w@D@zC
,lClh.PvC liF Pv wV (Mol)   ok Co C  lrpF
 PvC v ,lClh DwdC  liF ,lCiF x p F Co 
((.PvC DA (DH CpF kCpC PD qC)
CpDp  lOzClJ @ kh DCpkD Dlk Hwd pF @ D@A
@ C ok @ CpvCFpGDJ ECV ,lzDF lNpR oDwF iz lD@F
t v koCk Mop CpDp  Pd CpF aA  PvC C
Co A DO Clh    do ,hC PdPwi :PvC
 DqC Co  PV  F  PvC OD@ M@D@ @i@z ok
pF qC F G A qC ,MD  Ck   k ,PvC lrpF
DDd CpF  PvC lF p wV M v  ,koCk Cpk
p  DKv DlDp  Dkppv CpF @ tF @ D@Cp@D@p@ 
Mol C qC MD  kF q oDwF Ozn CoDqook Di
v l lDN ECV C .PvC kpF v pDv qC @@F r@@
CpOC jvDJ ok DO Clh .PvC @@@ Cp@z o@n@ p@z
 lrpF Dz DzkDJF Co MD ))  lDp CpvCF
PWd  k  l CpZ  Z EDOC @C ok @ l@vp@ Co D@@z
J wN pv lDF prD ,lzDG Z  lzDFDNlDzh Z ,lCiF
VN rZ F Co DA F ((l kp C D@D@p@ @F  l@oA
PvC C A  lFDok pN  DN lC DF Dz lk
OzCk PCl N lDF p kppv  DKv lDp D D@zkD@J @
 lzDF lF p HdD  lzDF oCkohpF C  D  qC  lzDF
,PvC lpF P v p C qC CpvCFqC  p qC F MD
.PvC lwJkph   Cpk pF C CpDp CpFDF
CN Fh F ,H C oDFok Ap p MDA W qC ,x@J
lzDF C  kD ,O ,lDF Pd pC lO  kp kDOvC
CdC  DC   lzDF D kh oD qd F Fp C F  
l p Dd .lvDF Co Dh  rV lvD fD  kV
C F Co DVkDOC oC oCkC  pFlN D lzDF DV  oClDq 
PvC Pd z qC   @ lzDF MD oCkl D lzDF kpKv
.lzDF Pd DOvk z qC pk O D DKv lDp D @

Pd F qD l p l
 CoA F ,O Pd kV Mop EDF ok  D@@i@v qC
llO Dw ,kzzo Pd oDFok HND qC F MCp
DZ Co DV kCpC CN F koCl Nop Pd k@V @C
@ lzDF CpD   A lF @ Dzkh  kPFpN  kCk N
p CpFDF .lzDF A eN J ok  lvDF Co kh DOVC fD
kV F qD lFD pOF z  UCo ,fe yopJ  yqA @Z
.kz pO Pd