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Clh oCnD 
koCk kV D DDlk lClh oCnD  oDFok
 Co A  kp lDNDO Clh MD qC  pF p p@ 
DC  lDN D   P k pF D .lCOzDC  oCnD
 @ v P v F Co D  Pw pk oDwF D@w@
DwC DOvC  PvC C Dw A  lk@ @V@N @ P@@F@Fo
DO lClh CpZ  ZF  D OvpJ  @l@@F p@ok
.PvC pNCp kp   fv qC Dw C ,PvC
:Ch vl Tld ok
D  qD  Cko DpGC oCqC @C :@D@@N C D@))
PvC  CkoDpG  , oCqC P :kp DO Clh ,(1)O
((.Pwz Ch ok Co C krOwF  DF k A oDFok  p
PvC lDzJ kh qDvD PD pF dD F  Co DpG Ph lDF DwC
pF  Ph C Cpq ,lCkpqDFyCC HdD @F Co A  l@@@F
D lClF  PvC C F kA d DOvC .kqCp@F@ C D@F
 koAJ qD o rV lF  ,PvC oDwF p@@i@  @D@h
DOvC (2)((pGC C  eD)) ,koCl CoD@Z @O@p@n@J
Owi  lA Pvk F kh qC OvC Hv pRC pF DwC@O@vCo
,lzDG ClhkCoC qC Ow ,DwC kCoC @ P@vC A Co @C ok l@
 Clh pFCpF ok Co kh kCoC C D  kCoC OvC DwC D@@
rC  lCkp d kCoCok D @ DoD pGN F @ D l@
Z Co oD p  ,lzDF DO Clh Do  C DoD @
d F  Co DoD pC .lk DWC PvC kCkDp  OvCh C
l ,k DWC DDwC DO@VC f@D@@ @@D@N Cp@F @@
 ,Cl pOkr DO Clh F DC PvC lz @D@d@@d
lDF D yN  .PvC O e D MDd  Ph qC D l@
pA l D  @ zqoC D D l  kz A p
F D  lFD eN O oFr l lFD eN @ PvC lq 
PvC A p ok DO Clh F kr  z kr DO Clh
DA kCk DWC rC  OzCk MkDG  PkG o D DoD@@
.lzDF Clh Dp  PvCh 
lq ok DwC  l DOC qClC C F vC ul@@ @k
@  d F @k  kD lq fD DN CpF DO@VC
pN kCoC lDF OvCo DOvC CpF F ,lk DWC Co D@oD@
A DO F Co kh DC  zDFOzCk p ok @@ Co @@C
C Co aA   DO Clh kCoC FDN Co kh kCoC lDF .k DWC
r D DOVC DC  lwKF  CiF D ,PvC llwJ OvCh
pN PFFo lzDF OzCk MkDG GV Dkp DC lD l@D@F
qC .kpF kh PDd  pv PeN Co D lq D  ,@C
kCpC  koA Cp Cq lDF d DOVC @C@ ,o @C
,DO Clh Dp  PvCh rC F Co kh D lCOF D@V
lA Cp CpF .l PkG  MkDG F lGN Co DA  lkDWC
pF Dd dC EDwOC  PvC C Co DN Cq @@@Z
.kz PFDR DO Clh F DV
pvDNpv ok  PvC lF  l  lDF DwC : A i@v D@N@
,kz Dd lFpRC pF C Ep Z  l lF lDF ,p
Cp xJ ,kkp pOD DwC lzDF pO@@F @l@@F @Z p@
:lDp lClh.PvC PkG DOvC ,Ow
# G l  C DC ClGN  C kC F D C l@C @C))
Clqp C kpl Dz DF DA ,(3)Ow Cp Cn lG@C C
C  # PvC oDzA zk Dz CpF C  ,lOvpK Co Dz  kA
((!PvCC Ow Co  lOvpKF Cp 

C pN kCoC
d F kDzoC pz DdC v  qC ,koCk kV p O DWC ok
oC oDwF CokC qC  PvCD kA  Z  ,PvC @@
  F DwC Co aA  l  DO Clh lD CND
 lD C F pz DdC FC  d Co qC,lFDok l@C@N@@
DV p ,pk @v qC .l@k@ D@@ C @F Co l@vD@@  f@D@@
F d D l CokC ,D oF Co Clw D Pe@@@@
Pd ok,lk D Co Clw D Pe  lA@ C @@
 DF D Ow ,  ,PvC lz  ((C pN kCoC))
o DO lClh Dp PvCh @F Co D@ @d qC @O@p@
 .koCk CCp PC vC F Dlk qC O @C  .k@z@
 kp DC  rC lDF lClh pN kCoC PvCh @@
 PhqC l  @ D D  lFC MkDv F DN lzDF D DOVC
.kp D @ PvD MDd
 pz DdC  kp N fD F oC Clh kCoC OGC
kCoC qC PDC ok rC DC ,lOw DDwC fD l DN
PV A qC lDF F ,lzDF fD DN lDG p@z D@@dC  Cl@h
Dd lDF .PvC kp  OvCh Z DOClh  kz P@D@C
,lzDF  yop F Clh d @ Dp @ pC  lzD@F D@@Z D@w@C
C ok ,l PDC Co A DJ F EpN  C Do Hw CpFqDF
llJ O CrCZ .kz D  MD@@ @F Mo@
.  Co DO Clh pN kCoC  lA
C D zD  ,vC d D@ ok ,P@@V @@@ @F
kCl  kC d FD qC  Co  pC  kz Ewe@
DdC Ovk k ,vC   d ok  Pw D C F l
D ok F , A qC pk  DOClh A qC  ,koCk k@V
lVC Ow   d .PvC pGO Cl@h @@d @@ @@vC
 pz d pD  koCk oDGOC o A qC DN F ,P@w@@yqoC
.PvC DO lClh Dp

pNpF D vN DdC  MCop  r
lDF ,kh d   MD F DV  kCpC l@vo Cp@F
e D DOVC DOwG kz d D@V k@V C
PpJ  DOvC PV ok kCpC DOVC DoDOo DDR  l@D@@F
ClJ qDA D qC lDF ,o k C eN CpF .l@zD@F@@@
CN .kzC  ko DN kkp  NCop  DdC ,D@V
 ,Dv CoCr  Dl ,Dk Pzn qC xJ DN Pw oD@O@C @F
Z  lFDok  lvpF  p F  l@zo @F @@D@V kCp@C
Dq DZ Cpq .lk DWC lDG Co Cl  lF l@D@F Co @D@oD@
,lvpF E  F F DV DC  l@vo l@C@i@
.loCkohpF   kClOvC qC kCpC @@@F @ D@@@i@
DW  Pp O oC  lq DoD HGv F Cp@@k
oC oDFokDA  l Hw Co qD ko DCk  l@FD@@@
qC pC ,C qC Ozn .lqCkpKF DN  pN F d  D@@O@VC
kV op MCop  DdC,DV  N Pwi@ qo D@@
.lzDJ lCh  qC  Oo DGN F o DV ,lzDF OzCl
D PhDz  Ck  DDwC @ O DFDv DZ @ pk v qC
HV Dz  phC k C lvD  fD @F P@G@w@
 Hd  Dw DCh qC   loCk lw@ @k  P@e@@@
 C  lq vo  Co N ok ,CpFDF.lDh DWFD DF
  lz yr  Dh oDZk  ,d  D@O@VC MCop@@
.loClF l Cpk DOVC fD pF Co kh iz D DwF@Z
DV z FlDG d MCop  C  O a
XDO  DOVC DC D    MDDGNoC pDF  pG@h
CrC    pC Mo F lDF F ,lzqDF lOw DA pF HNpO
 lz kCk v   PDC F kp DN lkp D@F @@@@N 
oCnD xJ .loCl CrOC  PDC rV CoDZ  l@@uD@w@dC
oDZD F PvC ZZ  koCl oDGOC  DC    p@C qC CoD@Z
Cpk DN lzDFOzCk DV kCpC pDv F PGw   pNpF  lDF
pC kF pC  PpA  PvC Pvok ,l kp@ Co C D@p@
d COJ b pC oDGOC pC @ @ ,P@vC oD@G@O@C
.kpnJ Co A w ,lzDG C   b FO  OzCl@
Co kh)) :lF koCl pk F PGw qDOC b  w pC
ok r C HDi ,((zDF  lDF CpFDF  oDGOC N pC
Cn  oDGOC N lDp Co kh  ,ph)) :lF lCN j@vD@J
 lzDF pRlCN O PpA oDGOC xJ .((yDF oCkp@G@D@p@
d oC ok o  kG Cr  liF eN Co oDGOC qC l
.lzDF OzCk
 lzDF D C ,DwC kCpC qC   kG C rV Co pC Dd
:lzDF OzCk qDOC k lDF ,kkp Cpk pC
pOF Co lvD  fD DN lzDF oCkohpF pO@F @@ qC P@w@i@
kDJ lvD k fD HV CpF pOF Dz  lvDF
.l
F Co kp lCOF pOF DN lzDF lpF pOF Mol qC @ @C k
C  pCC CpVCPD  l oDGVC  Cr@C ,P@D@C  @@
:l MD lDp oDFok Ap .lzDF pOF
  C CD D MD  TF l C C G @@ D@))
C C D DC v M    DF dC e D C
D   N C wWC C  wF kCq   C
Co ((MD)) lClh :P DA FDzpGDJ  ,(4)  @vC C
Pd D pF C Z :lO ,PvC kp QG Dz oClDq CpF
C Clh :P ?koCl kDq MpR C  pNOwDzC qC D  C DF l
liF Pv wV (Mol)   ok Co C  lrp@F D@@z p@F Co
lClh DwdC  liF lCiF x p F Co  ,lClh.P@vC
((.PvC DA (DH CpF kCpC PD qC)  PvC v
   DO Clh : ,HD C  F VN DF C
iz kv WO ok @PvC  qDF   koCk CpF Mol 
F PGw d PFFo  PD   @ Pw@@ o@@O@ C Cp@F
DDJF Pdo   DlF F PGw  koCk kh MD@i@
 PpA C CpF  PvC pN@O@w@D@z p@@k k@V@ p@ qC ,koCk
 CpF  Dt W ,pNDN pGN F .kz oDGOCPpC
xJ ,PwDO Clh ok pOD z F koCk Mop p@@C  p@A
.xF  kqCpF C F DN  oCnD

Ck p  Ck DdC
qC  PvC MCop  D lqD DDwC lq z  kDFC @@
pN z  PFDRoC F pD  aA ,C C  D@dC D@@
DO Clh p qC vC F  DOw PvDDwC lq pnJD
k ul EDO ,Ap ok  C DdC lD .lz@ @
DG  PvC DV  NDh Ppz ,vC k Cpq ,PvC l@A @vC
D  Dq p ok  DV p ok @ DDwC  CpF lDF A okaA
pk kDFC Ck V F Fp lDF Cn ,PvC l@z @p@@N @
lq z  oC  z lF DC .lzDF DkA MDd lzD@
,CCp C pRDN PeN DA qCoDwF F ,l@oCl@ Ck  MD@G@R
MCop qC oDwF , C F .lpN  pk yi@O@vk
N S kpnJ pN Oi DD  DD@qok qD@vp@@z
MDOD qpC DF J Dv loDZ ok DFD@h p@ @Cl@d
 PzCl Oe ,lz N pO Z qo A Cp@F p@C ,P@vC
Z Cld N DC lzDFOzCk DGk F r Co DDq kF @@
 Dv lA  Po CpF lDz qpC zD lq CpF pO@
 PFDR ldC D CN pO oC C CpFxJ .l@@ P@D@@
.kp  
F kp Do MCop  DdC lF Co oC C CN ,pk v qC
pk C  k pN FD NCop  DdC A CpF lDF
kCoC lClh Cn ,kp  ldC oCnD vN CN Co l@@z
vCF  DOw  @ lFC  DV CpF @ @ k@@
ko ok pk C @ PvC lA p Ap O ok  kp@ @
DZ .kz DF kp CpF   DDwC lq pO V kDFC
:lDp
D  vo  GOW C  HC   C D D ))
H oCpvC qC Co DzlClh  Pw aC  ,(5)vo  DF CD
lCiF Co x p kh vo D@ qC l@Cl@h @ l@@ D@A
((.lrpF
pGDJ l pF MCop  DdC G C DF   ,P@@V @l@F
F qD OGC .PvC lzkD : pk  ()@vC @Cp@
DF   F pe : pk  ()pC p@G@D@@J k@V
fN .PvC DA z qC  MDrV DFF ,Pw pO C@
 ,Op oCp C pF C kCoC  kF C ok DDwC Pe @@A
DF DVC DF CN D   Mo F HD ,lW Ap Ook
Ap ok S ,kz kD: l pF DA GN  N  kz
 DC ,MDl ,qD DwC oDFok iv  ,Pw qD@@ @F p@C
N DF HD   kF DF pC .kohZ F A MG@
orF oDC pCk lZ @W@d D@F A @W@d ,l@D@@F Ap@ ok
pw kp  CpF A d  pkD DA ,P@@p@FCp@F
xJ .llDHF  pe DvA ED@O@ @C qC  l@z@@
 pO C   :loCk oCnD w@ k :@@@@@
.PvC lA p Ap ok ND N  cpz pk
ok @ N eD F DF @ PvC kp DOC C Pd a@
D  lzDF DN ()DC DCk qC DkA Pvk ,Dq qC Cp@F
CN C pFDF ,pF pv F ()Dq DC PG p ok @C
C qC Co C DdC DN D CiF Npd qCCo pO C 
k C ok  Dw kV F oCk pG qD@@ o @C qC .@@vp@K@F
 DdC C uDvC pF v qC .lz : @@D@V,p@C
p ,lCkp :pDv  C Cp pGDJ  D@O@ Cl@h
ko pO C ,pk v qC  l DGOvC  UCpiOvC Co D@dC
.l DF  Co qD

PG p ok oCnD Cpz
FD ,P   ok rp PG p ok CoCnD@ @@Ck@
 DdC  kp oD lDFDd p F DC lOw : DF wD@@
 DO Clh  C DF Co kr pOF r pO@ MCop@@
,l C eN CpF .lzDF OzCk ,lCkpDF   :@@@
:lzDF vDvC pz v lVC lDF oCnD
DV vC DV   uCo ok  w lDF ,PD@@ (@C
qC .lzDF OzCkDzA Pv  EDO DF pk x p@ qC @@F ,koCk
 HN F  lFD PD Dq  D ,@vC D@l@k
hpF kz  pk Co p lvpF Dq D pN DC
.kF lCh vC ul k DN DF Di  vC DV fD
pO C   PvClJ ,Dq CdC  DC @F @D@A (E
Pv EDO qC D PhDz DF DN ,DV fD l@@@@@D@N
 :koCk OwF pC k F C Z  Cpq ,Pw pnJD@C
iN   pk  ,Pv EDO ok kV  C F @@
vC DV oClDq xJ .Dh Dq p  RkDd p ok rV fD
pNDCk lDF ,pz  lC  C qC C  PD@@p@F @
p lzDF DVkCpC rV fD  kV CdC  DC F kp
pv F Co vC DV lCN DOVC M  Dw pFCp@F ok
.kkpo k r
.lzDF kp pNDvoDJ  pNCNDF lDF DV pGo ,DvoDJ  C@N (U
 Dqop Dw D@C@h qC kp@ ,Mo@ @C p@@ ok
.kF lCi DC ok C iz DVkv

Dd CoD D Coz xW
  DF vC DV  ok  Dw  ,vC F uDvC pF
.kF lCh pGo CoDd ok ,loCk oD  pv C@ H@@@N
CpF  koCk D  CCp M  Dw DV  @Z
,qoD ,kDOC a  CCp DOzook iN DA d
pk OzoDk  zrJ  D oC ,PFpN  N ,MoDWN ,P
kD DwC Dd p F  DV pGo ,pk v qC  .PvC op
xJ .lzDF  DDA CCoCk lCN ,PvC oD@O@ 
CoD C F pk DwqC DV pGo  Pw C rV CoDZ
Coz xW)) DC kz  DWC qC .kpF @ k@h
 ,lzDF  Oi DOzo Di@O@ qC l@D@F ((@@vC
pOZ iN Coz xW lZ qClDF vC Coz xW
qC p pOZ xDW @C qC @ p@ ok @ k@z @@@@N
 oD , Ozo  DvDzoD  DiOpN@O@w@Vp@F
kDJpGo F Co d Co pOF ko p ok  l Dw p@N
lvpF DV pGo DC HN F pC oFr kDJ cp .l
.koCl D oDGOC Mo C p ok ,PD lCh D GV
DF ,koCk kV DV Do ok qpC  Coz xDW ,CpFDF
qC F rV F C Cpq ,PwpnJVN ClZ vC Nl DG@
p DDR  lOw oCkohpF  iN b qC F ,DA D@C
Z F DC lzDF  D DOzo iO DC 
pk DOzoDw oDFok ,COzo ok iO  Co lDF k
ul  Co F lDF k Z F S ?lzDF OzCk oDGOC  PWd
 DA C DF ?kCk pRC HNpN zrJDw oDFok DOhDv  Co
lDF xJ .PvC kD kp DA qClC F zrJ Dw qC ul@
p oDC d kh  iN p ok  Coz xW p
.o Dw  ok  ,lzDF OzCk

?lzDF C lDF D CpZ
 lzDF C lDF D  koA Pvk F Ozn TdDG W@ qC
go Cv C DWCok ,PvC w Ap@ D@l@k qC @D@w@ @C
DivDJ vpJ C F ?lzDF C D lD@F Cp@Z @ l@D@@@
DivDJ C qC F l  vopFF @ P@vC l@z kCk kl@@O@
. qDF Co kh G ECV DWC pv  qCkpJ

PvC lClh DzqoC  G @1