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DN  DOVC PCl oCppF  d l eN CpF Dd p F
C kV F Pw D  kV p , fD@
 D DN lF oCk F kp D ok  koCk Mop pk
ok DV DC Vp  @  C ,krhpF DqC kCpC D@@Cr@
Dd.koCk D D  @ PvC Dh koC pF d lC G@@N
C l ?kp lDF Z kCl pRC HNpN D@ oCk @F @w@ p@C
F kkp  mok  DV DC N  d  Pw@
DV ok  UoDh D ok  lFD eN D DN d l@
lDF xJ ,l  N F  lvpF ykhd F DC @w@ p@
PDi DOVC MCop  DdC DF  Co Dw DN l@zD@F @p@@
PDC F  koA Co F l aJpv D  Dp qC kp@
CpVC D @ p C ,l CrC DV pF Dd d D@@ qC
.koCk D pW  @ PvC DOVC C

D v C N
DO @ phC lv v ok Di @ C C @@@@N oD@Fok
Op ok DOVCCllC pk  d v @F @CCp@
N"  l oDDJ Dw C pF olA Dk ok qpC  PvC
,PvC lA ok vDvC d  w ok wC  Mo F "C
NCpk D p Dt@ qC @@ @ l@C@O@p@n@J @@
 N pl qC D  v C ,A ok  PvC C(oDwkp@)
.l PDhk pk oD ok  b  lzDF OD OvC
 koCl Mop CDV p ok   ,C N D kD@@O@C @F
pC ,lzDF OzCk NA pF DOVC fD DN  Pw @Z
CpVC  MD ,oCnD oD v p p  ,@D@h @Cp@z ok
b  p qC ,lk DWC lCN pkx p qC pOF Co @@C@
.kz oD v p lO Dr   koCl D
pGDJ @ Pp z l ok  @ vC D@V @@O@w@i@ ok
b  PzCk lpF Co  v p PvDo Diz ()vC Cp@
CDV l DV C Cpq ,lD llJ PV C qC  @@@
C qC  DC qC pOF lCOF  kG wDDR  kF wF  Z
lz pOorF  orF ,vC DV  ,l lN Co oD @v
,vC qpv dC  ok PwCN ()pC vo Mpd
CpF Co Dw kFq o C qC ,lk DW@C Co oD@ @v p@ yk@h
,koDF @ vC kF oD  z ok @ oD v C qC  p l@N
eN Mpd A qC pNDJ HNCpok C N  @@ @l@F
 F  r ()CpC DC Mp@d oD@qo ok .P@D@
.kF C
DOC D  DG @ PvC HD  DC  @ @ D@q @C ok
 koCl Nop b lzDF   DF  v p PvD@o @ koCk
lFD DWC N Z @  P D , @ dp pNDF ok
p ok Dd p F .lzDF Nop Z DwF ZpNDJ D@ko ok D@C
p  Z k ok pC S ,Pw q C @@N @Cp@z
  pz DzC b lk DWC Co oD v p Cpk qC pOFlCOF
.kz oCk l Co Pw v p  koCl
Mop CV pOF ok  koCk CCp DCr C N Dd C D@F
v p lD ,N lZ DN  pC qpC orF CV ok .lFD
 CDV .lA pF oC oCkC  pFlN l qC lCN ,lzD@F @
v p F Co Dw D PzCk Co H v p ,Aok 6@vC p@G@D@@J
oD FD  kDv ,Z oDwF CDV kp H@@ H@@@
qpC  pJ  laJ ,orF oDwF DDV DF  kF MoD@
 CpOdC ()pGDJiz Dt qC onF .Pw wD FD
.lOzCk  pFCpF ok kp  lDF wN
p qC kp DNC F Hp pOF @ CDV p@ ok @ p@@k @v qC
Cpv Co CDV joDN ok  lOw E D ld ok hC
qC oC DlO  CoClDq  Pvk D kp  A ok  @oCl@
DV Od .lzDF oCkhpF hC PG@S@D@@zqoC  q C@@N
6DC pGDJ PDd Pe@N  @vC ol@ ok @@@@w@
 Mpd o zDF p ok @ .P@zCl@ @@@@@Z
oDOhCok Co DOVC Oi HD  MDD Dw@ (X@)p@@
.lOw hC  P ok D UoCl HdD  loCk
V  koCk Co orF lD C ,C N CdC  DC Z ok
Dz D  Dpvkh,DkDwC  kDw ,DoV   qC oDwF
 k DFmDV pvC  x C pJ  w pC .kp Co
MD   koCnF D  ,PvC   hCDe@C oD@Zk
fDDN DOdC ,l CpVC ykh ,Co ykh DdC @  l@@
 pC  No ok .lvo p F kr ,kp @D@@O@VC
fD DN DOdC,lzDF oD v C qC  lO D@N @i@z
@ F D  @ kp pOF  C .kz pOF @D@V D@@C
.lFD Mop CN ,lon iz Gz

vDvC d
  vN DOVC MCop qC oDwF :PvC  k @@d
  N qC G lDFd qC iF DC kz HN  
:TdDG C lD kkp pGO  
?koCk Mop d D  CDV p ok CpZ
qD D CpVC  MD ,oCnD vDvC kD v F @@d Cp@Z
?koCk
 ?kp HN  oDGOC ,kp  vN CN Co d lC CpZ
N Z  PwDO@VC MCop@@ @ c@m @Vp@
?kkp
E D Z vN  lzDF OzCk lDF Dt@ @Z @D@
?kz
?koCk DOw  MCoDOhC Z  kz N Z Pk
?koCk Mop Cpz p ok   CpF C N DA
qC G  lCNCop  G C qC pk MCop oDwF  D@@@C
.kp D  vopFDA oDFok lDF DOVC MCop lN  @
vDvC d xJ .kz lD "vDvC d" d qC iF @C
MCop lN   qC G  NCop W@"qC P@vC MoD@G@
."lzDF pGO lDF DOVC
Co DF kp Pwi ,vDvC d oDGOC CpF oDwkp DD ok
,lr pF "DwvxW" DC C @F Co @D@w@ k@h
C ,l HN   Co vDvC d W@ D@@A x@K@v
oDGOC CpF @ kz lD ((4))((vDvCD))  @ @@@W@
.llF C Co ClF r DA DN kkp p kp pF pOF

d DwC
 ClJ qC xJ pk DOVC MCop  ,vDvC d r@V @F
.kz  C  PvCDwC CoCk  kkp  oCnD
C koCk oCnD oCk Pd Vp qC DV  N Owi@
W ,l N Co Dp kCpC qC  p N  d  PvC
d" lCDV DC DN  d DF O  d lC
 PD l C  F rZ p qC G oCnD .koCkD "l
oDz F ld qC iF  kDOC d ,kqo D@@O@C
.lA
Dp  kCpC DN  d  lz  l C  A qC xJ
pF oFr C GN,P  @ pC x  C C@@ @F @
@ pGO  vo C F @ kCpC DN  d @N  @kD@@
NCop  DdC lqD D  kh PvC D @ D@z
koCk DOhC MCop  C F  d qC pk i@F .P@vC
kp MDOhC ,D d  .kz lD "D@d"
qC  p N  d kCk  OhC F D  A qC xJ ,PvC
D d qC  loCl d  b PzCk  Co @D@i@O@
.kkp p eOw ,kp Zw pC  l@@ @a@@Jp@v
Co MCqDW  p     kz   C lDF Cp@FD@@F
d" D F Pw pk iF ,d ok o@C qC ,l@@ @@@
."CrV d" D "p
qC  lvo A CpVC F PF @ D vN @ MCqDW N qC lF
F  DWA DN @ Co l ClDF Pk a .PvC Pk D@
DdC r CpVC P .koCn CpVC  F @ koCk OwF pW 
d" xJ ,kz  "vDv d" ok lG NCop 
F FpDoD  Pk A   PvC d qC iF "vDv
.PvC A
F MDDGNoC  oCk qD pk MCop wv  @F D@W@Cp@v
@ kh ok ok @ CDVp ,lk oCp zJ pq Co Oi @C@V
DdC  DD DF DwF Z  koDz pGO Co @@d D@@ @
 D pC Dd ,lzDF OzCk MDN pkDDV ok pGO d
d CpF PD kDN  DC pl DF DV lZ D k f@D@@
.kz qDF "CF d" ok  Pw NCop FqD ,
F @  PvC vDvC iF z CoCk d , lz zo DW@@C D@N
d ,D d ,ld ,vDvC d :qC lNoDG H@@Np@N
OhC DF D wN C .CF d  vDv d ,CrV
.koh Z F DCld DSeF  d DFDO ok rZD

d FD
lC C .PvC d DdC  lC qC CW ,d D p
CpF  ,PvC OD DOzCG lZ D k D  qC @ DGD @ D@dC 
l kDOvC G lZ qC DGD d D  PhCkpJ  PhDv
  GpN DF lCkp uDGOC  nhC Oi FD@@qC @ Co @a@A 
dD  rDN D aA C ok .loCk p llV GNpN
CpF  lzDF llV DN MD  lCN PvC MDD p@k qC
 D  pD  CrVC DF MpD ,rDN @@Z @@d
b DvDvC .koCl Nop pk DD kC DF oFr D@@ l@C@
pk kC DF A lqDv kC   PD CN Co@d D@@
dD lZ PvC  CpFDF .lzDF MDO pw MDD@@
p F .lzDF OppF Dw FD qC Co kh CrVC  pD ,Oi@
DdC  FD qC PvCMoDG d D  ((d FD)) Dd
.PvC OD DOzC DA qC D A lC 
 "o d" S ,lzDF d D  lCN kh ,d G@
F "wCp d FD" qCB ld D k kh  @ "vC d"
d FD qC tF d  wCp d a .lA oD@@z
.lz Ewe vC EC qC J  PpqC xJ CpC
W qC aA  ,PvC d FD qC  r@ "@D@@ @o"
@ D lOw lCNlA Pvk F DD  D joDN ok MDD@
D o xJ .lzDF @ l okD ko  ok  Dh d ok
ok ,DV o DD  PvC FDDoCk D@ @F @ @
ok Ch ,liF oDGOC Co D  d @ lCOzCk FD DD@
pF  .lzDF lD D lzDF lA "D@ @@d" E@O@@@O@
 k hC  p ,D o  @@J @@d D@@D@@
.lzDF d D  FD qC lCN

vC ok d FD
cC D b @ DN Dq pk qC @ vC D@  @@@C
F Co " kC" pGN,A DV F  lCkp DOvC Co "d FD@"
F A DV F lCN  Pw  A DF D lZp ,lCkpF oD
D k oDZ qC  kC C PeN z CDd p F .kooD
F. k  DVC ,Pv ,EDO :qC lNoDG  lpF D G
lNoDG  lCrC A pF r pk FD D kC ,pk @C qC
Hn ,p ,Com lv fO ,vp fD ,Dwe@O@vC ,uD@@ :qC
C d DC .vC k qC J DV  C Cpz  ((5))@FD@e@
,xF  PvC "C pN kCoC" vC ok dG D@N @ P@vC
F PvC pGO vC Dlk qC D  d  lD  
G b F kDOvC ,lzDF OzCk kDOvC DO Clh @p@@N kCoC
PC .lk yqoC oDGOC Co @d @@d  l@D@ p@@k
zD DWA qC ,k Vok ok Pv  ,C Vok ok ,EDO@ l@@D@@F
pC  ,lzDF C pN kCoCpD@ k @C @ k@z@
C rV oCl CoDZ ClF ko ok Co DO Clh d CiF
lOw G Dzkh k C ,iv pk F . Vo k CF 
.lz o C G F Co D F
 Pw DZ  lA oDz F Ow G rp  "D@@VC"
d ,oDC  okOd D Dq  ok k DD  D  pC
,d A F ,Dzp DNC D p ,lOzCk CDw oDFok ldC
FD qC  C F "D o"  DZ,llF zqoC  oD@G@O@C
.PvC pGO pk d DD d
No ok DN DVC ,Ck PWd Co DVC p D k  F
 C F  ClJ DC @  Pvk @ D   koCk PWd
kF Ov F DA  vpOvk HGv F ko  ok D p DNC
qC pGh lZ D  DA   ,pGhF AqC @C D@ @ P@vC
A qC Co d A  lCO@zCk oD@@O@hC ok :@@@@@ @@@F
PDd Pv qC  Pvo A qC DVC PWd xJ .lCkpkDOvC
.PvC DO Clh pN kCoC qC zD  l
 koCk PWd DWA DN F Pw CDClV G D b r ""
 Co Clh d  CpN kCoC  oF lCOF  PvC pGO
G Pd kpF D   pk G D @@k P@@ .l@@
lz oDC    F DA qC hpF PWdCpq ,loCl Co kFd
,EDO DoDZ kC qC  F koC HD@ ok r@@ @@@F  P@vC
d   P lDF xJ .l PpF   DVC,P@v
,Pv ,EDO,p PvC DO Clh PvCh F lO@w@ @@vC
Clh kCoC  loCk PWd PV C qC    k  D@VC
FD ,C pN kCoC pok rp  l  Co DO@
.lz Ewe Ow

d DdC D D d DG
h pl DF Co A DG  d FD ,d v qC oD@@w@F
pOos  @ pk hpF lCO@zCl@@J l@dC @z Co k A ,kp@
,Dw C vopF CpF .lCOwCk rZ k Co DA @ lCl@l@C@
,oDFCl Pwi PvC q
D .koCk l DV ok Opd p : llO v qC @p@
oCll DOpd  pnJ  oCl oDF Co iv C P@
 oD @ DwC V qC @ oDOhC D p : lO D@C l@zD@F
C MCnDF  C E ,PvC lF lvo CpF lk D@W@C
 PvC p  A oD A PF  PvC l F lvo D
 pC ,p lDvo l F Co C  PvC E@@ oA qC
ok D b,kz D o l F oD A kCk DWC lF  kF
,l F   ,w pGN F .lA pF oD A kCk DWC J
((6)).PvCDwC oDOhC DC D P
v kh ,PvC o oD kCkDWC qC  l @D@ D@d
oCpOvC Da lCNOzo C  PvC pk l @F l@@vo
l) lzpF Co A DN kqDv z  pO S ,lzDF O@zCk
koA Pvk F J (k l) koA Pvk F JDN lzp (C
kph(v l) kpiF Co yCkCDh  kh lq DlqD DN
l b DC DC (oDZ l) l oCkpFpF A qC  DN
qD o ,DD qC kDOvC DF  PvCC C D l ,Pw C D
DC ok  lq ok DDwC xJ .(WJ l) lpGF Mn  l@@@
l F lDF @ PD ok @  loCk CCp HNpO ClCkh CoDOi
khF kh  ,lzDF OzCk C NCm PF @ l@D@W@@@F
C pk l F lvo v  PV C F  ,lzDF E@@
lDF rZ Z C N ok w PvC @ @O@G@C .k@z@
DGOzC  Dh F lzDF C DOD  D l  NCm E@@@
.lFD Pvk khd D F WO ok  lOF
p ,oDGOC oC ok   PvC kD N oC ok  Div @C
COe DN  PvC N  kh ,kpoDGO@C @@ l@@Z
.koCk oDGOC
N Co d D   @ DOVC MCop  DdC @W@
C .kz HNpO A pFvCF  lzDF OzCk l lDF @ l@k@
qC pNCp DA DC .PvC DOVC lq ok DwC MkDv D@N l@
A F  CpF Cv ,l C Pw l  l@ @C
lq ok DwC MkDv DN" DA ,iv p@k @F ? @ D@ l@zD@F
C  NCm PF ?vO l D PvC D l"D@O@VC
? D koCk
DD qC vC d D  PvDvpJ  C F jvDJ ok
DN qC pNpF ,pk dDD ,lFD qDOC  kz ClV pk
WO ok ,lvDz l DOVC lq ok D@w@C MkD@@v
F DV D  CpZ lCk NCm E D l@ Co @@@
DV  ok  l VN eD A F DN D l@oCk kD@
:lDp DO lClh ,PvC pnJeN
DA ((7)),D  ph C   DlC eC CpD ))
(oD DDJ )MphA qC  lCk Co Dk lq qC k  pD 
((.lD
:lDp r 
G m # DlCeC C kp  Dpm  N   pD))
lq rV  lCkpo D kD qC  w qC ,xJ ((8)),C
.((PvC  DA Ck qClC #  CpC lCh Co Dk kD
l Co DV C lq ok DwC MkDv vC ul@@ @k D@C
kr A  PvDC qCpNCp wF DwC Ph l ,lCk Ph
 @ kA DC  D PD xJ .PvClh F DwC pOF Z p@
ul MCm F EpN lDF @ lA oDz F DA qCiF DOVC oDOo
PVC F   DV C lq ok DwC MkDv  ,lzDF C
.lzDF D l A F lvo v lCN  PvC E
p xJ .PvC kD r d D  oDFok ,OJ Div 
pCk Cpq ,PvC pF dpCk qC  koCk l  d D@
DOVC oDOo F pD  kp pF ok Co lC  DdC ,@d
F   k CpVC pF  PvC CWO d lDC PvD@D@w@C
dl CpFDF ,kz HNpO o@Fr@ l@C@  D@@dC @
.lzDF lC  DdC DqC  lCN
D p .PvC DOVC lq ok DwC MkDv DN ,l @C
MkDv DN DA PvC C ok pk DD D@F @vC @@@d
DC lCk NCm E  C l Co DOVC lq ok DwC
MkDv v lF lCh Z pCvC d D@ Cp@@J
C F Co MkDv C  ,l DN DOVC lq ok Co kh
F EpN D  @ h d D F lvo Cp@FC@@@v
E C l Co A  l N @ PvC C ul DJ
DZ DdC lC ,vC d D ok ,o C qC .lCk MCnDF
lvo Co ok F koCl NDD Dl DF DN   OD N
.koCk D  PGS pRDN ,A F