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xF
qCa F  kF kp PG Od pGJ Dv Mpd F lClh
 kF Clh pGJ  ,Dv .⁽⁵⁴⁾kF kCl yCl@r@p@F D@l@@F
 G  Dd ok Dv qo .p olO  orF CpDp@@
Co C ,i D ok DlpJ  DDwC  DV qC oD@@z@Fp@
(()) qpv koC Dv pv A ok .lz pv Co ,lkpCp
,Dv oOvk F .P FAF  oDOp@ @D@FD@@F ok l@kp@
 lFD Pvk FAF Cqv DFDF A ok p DN llApFkl ok D@Cp@@
.lkp ClJ EA F vpOvklO  ClZ
Pv MG D kCk yolJ lD Dv F lClh C P l@D@z
kF ((CpvCF)) DA  OvpJDk  pkD ,kF kp D@ Co k p@
 MpR  DDe qC  l Pd DA pF lCN w lOzClJ @
.lzDF p Dkp lApv Pd  V
xC V qC DDKv ,Pw PiN F D Po pv F Dv D p
D lOp Co CpJ ,kF kp  piw l@Cl@h @ D@l@p@J 
.lkDOC Co DGkF
PvC Ow  DWA ok lk Dv ,Cqv EDOA  p D@FD@@F A ok
DV lC p kh CpC F @Z .l@FD@N@ C p@F ED@O@A C@z@qC
.lk Dh kh pv DF ok Co((ll))
EAOD CpF Dh Dz DlpJ D ok  Co ll PvCh Dv
kVqC DFDF A ok Co C lz o p DN l oD PzCk ok PDw qC 
 Pw ll DA)) :P lk Dh Co C DV Z  kqD@v D@A EA
PG(PV lF) uDwd e C ok C pC ?PvC DGD qC D F@
ClV NqC pv Cpk MpG CpF D kCk Ch p Oiv F l@zD@F kp@
.((⁽⁵⁵⁾koDFV on kh PG CpF C p qDv
lDF  kF kp DC CoClDV DC pk lD D@l@p@J @F l@Cl@h
PV  F .l aJpv Dp qC  lzDF pGJ Dv DpPeN
C .PwCk p ,V p PG Mo ok Co ll@ D@@@@vr@@
kF lz kCk Dv Mpd F  lClh HDV qC  kF OGD@@
.kp ClJ p C qC lF   PzCk FDv  qC G   oF
CkpF  F J )) :P Dv F  lA ll  lDK@ p@k
A qC oCk  C    V  z  DF @ Clh pG@@J @ @N@
 Pd F p pGh  A@ ((D@G@v)) p@@@ qC @ !p@G@h@F
.((⁽⁵⁶⁾CkoA
 l P@@d D@W@A kp@ p@F @ l@k Co @q p@@z A ok @))
D@v @@@@@Cp@F
.((koCkOiNhFC.PvCCpWNMol
pFCpFok DV lClh OvpJ DV F C P kCpC  q A  lk ))
oD Clh F pz  Dz .lOvpJ EDOA  kD Dh F pv lzoh
F ,PvCOzCkqDF EC  d Co qC  kCk V Dzp ok Co DA D@
.((⁽⁵⁷⁾lClDqDF PvCo Co qC  P 
 DDvA ok DJ qCo p  Clh DN PvC kCk Hp@ Co D@A D@@@z))
,lqDv oDzA D loCk D kp aA qC  kqDv@ oD@@zA Co@@q
 Clh ,Pw Clh C rV  Clh .l@@@@ @O@vp@J ,P@vCD@A
.((PvC pA DVloCk
,EA WOwV J ok  kCk yoCr oC Co kh PG P ((ll@))
 PvC lk  lvo  ok ((DGv )) Pi@O@D@J ((EoD@)) p@@z@F
OiN pF  Dd ok pODN Z p V  z DFDGv @ ((x@@@@F))
EDOA r DGv kp kh  lCo d  kp pFPvC kp uV 
.lzDFPvpJ
,PzCk V on  kF kp DN  DWC ok l@l@ ,@Cp@FD@@F
ok  kF OD FA ,kF koA  F  z @ D@F @Zp@CCp@q
.kF OD DA orF pC pF  koA  pGh
PvCo  lk Ch)) :P ll yoCr DO@vC qC x@J D@@@@v
DGv  xF CpF CD kCk oOvk xKv ((?Dok qC D
C )) :P  PhDv HDi Co ll ,lz D D Z lw@F
PvC kCk wV N kh CoD DF xF Dd ok  @ pGF CoD C
F A lCh DF GF  pF oD DC qC DA @F ,D@A @@W@ok @
.((⁽⁵⁸⁾lvo CWOZ
xFpv DF ok Z  lz DGv p Co  Pp Co Dv D ll
xKv ,l@@@C C @Ck @F P@vok Co @D@ ,P@p@ oCp@ C @@W@ 
@@D@@ qC x@J l@@@G@F D@N kCk y@  P@oC@z@@F
.PplChNZ
:P  CoD F kp o xKv ,lCh  k@@ Co @D@ ,x@@@@F
qC D C .lz lC  v F olCp CD !xW@ Cp@D@dC))
 pF .DFp liF lClh D F :PvC Z A   PvCD@v
((l wN Co kh  lDF  kr F DN  lWpNpF
lF !xW CpDd C)) :P kh CoD@ @F x@@@@F x@K@v
Dz G C p p D N b  ?PwZ @@@N
.((l oDC Cokh p
.Ow WV MCp  D p CoCk D)) :lO x@F CoD@@
.((PCh ivDJ Z DN GF ,PvC N Pvk F D oDOhC Dd ok
lkp e kh  l F Co f  V pC xF Coq lF
.lOzCk C V CpF r Co kh kDA
V C Mo ok  PvC C Ck  a@A)) :P@@ x@@@@F
D p@z koC @@V r@ @F @O@ f@ND@ D@D@zkD@J ,D@ P@w@@z
o kCpC pNrr  Oio  ok Co P  pz D ,lzo
 .kp lCh Co oD C DA oA .loA ok DA pNoCh Mo@F Co
DF DkDOvp GF DN Ovp DA CpF Cl ,@V @C D@V@F
.((⁽⁵⁹⁾lkp pF Dv HDV qC NZ
 kDOvp Dv CpF DGCp p Ck  Oe CGV xF DA
C DF V DCN D lzDF Clh pGJ Dv pC P kh CoD@@@F
pFMCp  Mol C DF  kpnJ Co D l ,lzDF DzkDJ aDZ  oCl@Co
.lz Ch qpJ C
 ,lz Co DA Div  kF Op oCp v z ok  ll
 llvo Dv kr xF DkDOvp O .kCk yoCr D@v @FCo
DV F DCpC  xF lk  Dv ,lkp wN C F CoD@Cl@
,lkp oDOo  DF o A ,loA DC Clh @F  l@@z @@@w@N@@@C
.PzApFPiv
DA F Dv ,llvo Dv od F xF DkDOvp @@@@@
loCk Co l C pC ?l HV Dk D DF Cp p lCh DA:P@@
.PvC pOF  pOF loCk Dz aA qC PvC kCk  F Clh aA)) l@Cl@F
Dk pC F  Dz Cpq ,((l kDz kh l C qC l@D@@z
.lzDF D PvC DV pD  kD D CoD ok aAqC  lp
xF) DA v F lkppF)) :P xF DkD@O@vp@ @F x@K@v
F DKv  :lF DA F  lpGF r@ Co k@h D@Cl@  (@CoD@@
Co DA  l PD A FD ok lzDG okD  oCk w DAv
.((⁽⁶⁰⁾kp Ch pF DGv P qC oCh Pm DF
:P  kp Dok CpDd F o Dv ,xF DkDOvp Oo qC xJ
A qC J Co xF PiN lCN Dz qC Cl !Dok CpD@dC))
.((⁽⁶¹⁾?l pDd lz wN  lDF  krDA
qC N  A qC J Co A )) :P kF V Dkppv qC  ((Pp))
 okD  A pF   Co oD C  oA .koA Ch r@@hp@FP@D@V
.((⁽⁶²⁾OwC
 qC CpF))  Dv Mpd pq ((DhpF F A)) A D@G@k @F
rF  pF t A qC J Co A okD  :P PzCk@D@@vA ED@O@
.lz lpF ((DhpF F A)) FDwC ok .((oDF
((lCkD C kr  lCkoA Co xF PiN l@k D@@@@v @@@@@))
C Clh ((PvC  Clh PG qC C)) :P  k oCrpzDFq
Co C P uDJ DA  lDqDF Cp DN)) PvC kCk  F Co PG@ P@@@
.((kp Ch P Cp D oCkD
qDF kh F A kv ,PzClD Co Clh P uDJ x p)) :P xK@v
FA Dq F ((lDvo Clh F Dq ,l vDKvD x p  kkp@
ok  qDF DlF pz F PGw@ @ Cl@h Cp@q)) l@vo @  k@h
.((⁽⁶³⁾PvC p DA F PGw Dd
C PiNz)):PDvlFD oDFDv od Fx@F @@AqC@G@
 koCk Co q y  ok ,lA  O G@F D@N l@qD@v @p@kCo
l@@C @ P@vC@D@w@ qCD@koAl@C@h D@@C@@zD@FoCl@@C
.((⁽⁶⁴⁾PwDAPClF
?PvC kF lF N PiN D@A :P@@  @F l@A x@@@@F @O@))
Dv oDFok ok A DzDN qC xKv !PvC D C S :Px@@F
CoD Co rCPz oD A  kpFJ xF O .lz M@@G@ MD@
DA C Pd  Dv Mol qC C qC J :P lCkCk DWCD@v
.((⁽⁶⁵⁾OzCk CpOC Co Pd C kF
Z  lOhDv xF Pv CpF FA qC hD D@@@v o@O@vk @F
e xF  D !Aok gD F)) :lO xF F lz kD@AgD@
Co kh Ck PV  F .PvC Op EA Co DWA  PzClJ l@kCo gD@
A e F Pw EA C , :P Dv D C ok  lD@F
.((PvC lz OhDv FAqC
pCoCk Co C  kpF Dv z  P F J D xF A qC xJ
:koA DC,Pp oCp C Piz pRDN PeN Piv  PD pF @D@
F DvDF C  kp  kh F Ozn ok  !CoDkopJ :P@))
.((⁽⁶⁶⁾oA DC DDV lClh N
d yokD  @p
 pNrCP@@z qC @@ l@@W@ Ap@ ok @p@ Mp@@d D@O@vCk
CpVD  yokD Pznpv  C Mk .PvC Ap DDOvCkpO@G@D@V
pGJ ((w)) D F pwJ koA  kF rzk   kh lzD@d
.PvC lA lW Ap ok  PvC pF  lz DOvCk,Clh
.PvC kCk cpz p ov Ap ok @@N @F Co D@A D@O@vCk l@Cl@h
 p ov  Cp A ov MDA HV @F D@O@vCk A @@h@@C
:ApwN
 DorF qC ((Cp)) DF  kF DDv ((D@@d)) D@ ((@@d)) @p@ okD@
DNl .koD lqp C qC  kF kp UCkqC E ApOe D@do
Pvk  koA Clh Dok F o DWCpv .lvp DV F CoDOC DC Pzn@
.PzCkpFDWOC  pN
oCk z ok Co aA  Ckp on  !CoDkopJ :P@@ Cp@@ q))
qC Co on C N xJ (lzDF N Dh oDOlh DN) oCnF kCqA (lz lO@O@)
.((⁽⁶⁷⁾DCk  Cz Ck  pnKF
lG C DOhDv .kF (()) @F p@@ ul@@@CP@@F qo A ok
oD ok .lDvo DNC F D@@v yl@qp@  kp@ qD@A kCk Mp@@dCo
((ulCPF)) D ((C lWw)) vC Cok ok  kF lG@@@
.lzOhDv
uDwdC lz EDWOw kF Pzpv DJ CDF qC  p okD Dk ,DWCpv
kCq  lk kp d  O PV  F .PvC lz OwFA  kp
pO Z)!?lCq pOhk   !ClClh :P Pw pwJ  PvC pO@hk
Ozpv DJpOhk Z kF lCq aA  PwCk pOF Clh  (kF p@w@J
pOhk lDF pwJ ,Clh Dh ok Plh CpF  PzClJ @p@ okD@ .P@vC
pz qCCo ylqp  C  lD ⁽⁶⁸⁾p Co C )) :P o C qC Pw@
.((⁽⁶⁹⁾kCk oCp N DJ ok kp Dz
FCo C kF pOhk p C DF .l  kh on F lDF  lk p okD
.kp Clh Dh lN ((lFD pOhk)) C
Z  kCk yopJ Fh F  kp G  V F Co @p@ @ Cl@h))
 Co C yokD o C qC kF @O@o D@@k qC C Mk qC @@J @p@ol@J
CpF Co C on DN kpKv Clh Dh DO@ @F  koA k@F D@vkp@h@@@
.((lpnKF Clh DhoCrOlh
CpvCF D D Ddo  DorF qC  ulCP@@F D@@@O@
lOp N DWCpv .lOhCkpJ Cr F  DF p PD p@v p@Fl@k@F
p d F ,lA EA o F Cl p  DN lqClC EA F Co khD@@@
ok oDiOC C  lzDF C DF ,pz pOe  D kp Cp pOhk pPD@@
.kkp C H ClhDh
EA o F Dpq  DN  P@o EA p@q @F D@@@@ D@@N D@@ A ok
P@D@@(k@F@p@ @D@hp@@z @)D@p@q @@@@l@F.l@A
.PplFCoCOvpJpv
Dpq  lkD p oDOhC ok lF DV ok D@C ul@@@CP@@F ok
.PzD P  qC PGCpF
pvDpq oDF lZ)) C ,kF Dpq l F p UDOeD  Cn C D@F
C ((lCkD p FD ok OF Cn  lk  lA p l@k @F kq
!PvC A koh 
A :P p ?lCkoA N CpF DW qC Co Cn C !p C :P Dp@q))
ED@w@d@F l@C@i@F x@ p@ @F Cl@h ,l@CkoA Cl@h H@D@V qCCo
.((⁽⁷⁰⁾lkqo
okDDv p .PvClh PD   ko Piv p  lz VO D@p@q
C .kpFpv F Clh pGJ Dpq Mpd MoD  PD PeN  Clh C D@h
DF  pD p qC l@@ l@ D@F  P@vC @D@F p@O@hk @@C@
pv F kh DC ok lF D ok C .lzDF p Cp@O@hk@p@O@@F
EoDV   lA DJ lOo pF Ckp  NDCok ,kp@F@
.lz A D pkp  ClhDh kp
:lO  F  llA DOzp))  kF Ow@@ k@h @D@C ok qo
Clh DJ ok DDh DF   lWv  yDF Cl@h oCkp@G@D@p@ !@p@C
.((⁽⁷¹⁾h
Co N Clh !p C)) :lO@@  l@l@z qD@ D@@O@zp@ qD@F p@@k qo
ok  PvC p F w ⁽⁷²⁾fw D  k F lkMoD@F
.((⁽⁷³⁾PvC C DFp qC  kF lCh lpFA MphA Dk
lCh iv kp DF ,lz lCh orF @ qo l@@D@ oC@@ ok C))
.((⁽⁷⁴⁾lzDF lClh OwDz DlF qC  ,P
Dd  z pwJ HdD  PvC  Z !D@Cl@h :P@@ @p@))
oD C Clh  C DF :P Ozp .PvC Op uDN  DF pF@@A
l okD Dp Clh O .lpA lC@i@F Co @a@A  kp@ l@C@hCo
.((⁽⁷⁵⁾kz ,F :lF  (lD kCoC Co rZ)
lz Dd CpVD lClh  lCiF p o@v ok Co D@O@vCk @D@G@k
F !pGJ C)) :lk cpz Co p Pzpv DJ  @ r@@zk@p@
ok C F  Pp oD Dw qC  D Co p D@O@vCkoAkD@
 DA Z qC ok  l CkpJ C DWA ok Po kh DD@Vp@@
.lzOFA
.kD@O@vp@ C @v @F Co ul@@Cco D@ D@@@ @@@ ok P@vok
Z .lz wW C FD ok HpN yh  lO DwC lDul@Cco
 pF DJ Clh F  :P ,lk Co PD yh  DG@q D@w@CA @p@
!pGoDFoklFD zDFDvoDJkp  vpOFCqCNChCqC
CN Clh kDOvp  ,Ow pF  , :P C Ozp ul@@Cco
. PG N F Pzpv DJ k Clh HDV qC DN ClA
pF A Dd  zDF OzCk CaF  PvC  Z :P@ @p@
?CkG  oDDq  PvC Op uDN DF
DV oD C  PvC kp kCoC lCl@h @ @C D@F :P@@ @O@zp@
N Clh   CpF oD C l PClh krC Ozp .l@z@K@F@@
D Mol qC CD Co C D (Pw  w ) PvC DvA@O@w@
p ok  Ck kh HDV qC Odo  @@k@ oCp@ kp@ Cp@Fk@h
.((⁽⁷⁶⁾PvC Op DWC oD C  ClF lDFMo
Aok  CV  oDDF Crzk  p FD ok ulCco wWN  DF
koC Ozp  C D  O  kF OFA  Pi lF DF e
,lkHvDO  DGq CV l  ok  pF Co kh  p ,lz lF 
.kp ClJ lD PDd  koh Oiv DN
G qC hpF  rAoCpvC qp F  lz HV D@@ @@@
 rZ .kz OwFA C PvC@h  kCoC D@F @@  @@@G@ @Ck
.PvC kDO DNC DV ok  C qC lF  kDOC DNC oDF Ow@i@Cp@F
qC pNDF lClh kCoC Cpq ,lClh PvC@h  k@F r@W@@ @ @@@C
.PvD MDGvDe   C  GqC
eF Co C Dd uDwdC   lz Dd lClh kCoC  co DF @p@
.kpFDJ i Phok F  lA C Cpv F lCq kok DWA ok .lD ok
e   PvC lz OwFA ko@i@ P@vk Cr@@zk l@k@ @ C
C qC J !yD C)) :P  lz DvCp olF l d pk
qC D  ok Pvok .kF lz yCp DpDh qC  kF kp@C
PClh !yDG  !p C : lA Cl lh i@ P@hokp@q
oDFok kh  D Co C  PvC OhDv oDV FA @@Z P@D@J p@qqC
.PvC kCk oCpN
DN k DN (PvC lz ooDF  rGv @) Co @i@ P@hok @hD@z !@p@ C
pC .lzDF zo PZ  oiF qDN Ho A qC xKv .lOC p qD@NH@o
 lkp DF Co N lz oCkaF  lCq k DChlF d @qC x@J
Ckp on Clh CpF  :F DA F ,l@ C@v A oD@Fok @l@k
.((⁽⁷⁷⁾ iv w DF CpFDF,pFqo
oklaJ  rDJ  DJ Co kh DGq kCq w  lCq p ,A DGk F
F A ok CpVD C  pz ,lA  D F  Pp F ok ,Cl@
F  Pw  qpC @ k@F @@@w@@ ok @C ((p@D@)) P@v@@J
,lz lO ((pD)) ok w Z .PvC p w Mp@@dD@kCq
Co CpJ  P  F  lO ((pD@ D@w@@))Co C k@h
.lCh ((CoD))D ((Cp))
k   CpvCF Dkk @@@ E@@@ kC qC k@h @ @p@
 D F  Op F F Co kCq ,  Dd  P A DF ,kF
MokD   kF lF kp MolJ  !oD pC@h C :l@@O@@ ,koAk@h
p ?CkoA DW qC Co aF C Ow pOhk  N PvC OzCk oDlFFDv
Z :lO .lz DV  kh qC  kp kCq F oDzC G@ D@@CD@F
.((⁽⁷⁸⁾?F iv PvC (Cl) oC ok  kCqDF
(D)  Clh lF )) :P@ kCq@ D@w@@ @@e@ @@@ ok
zDF DV p  PvC k pGJ Cp Clh  lz kCk  F D@@vAED@O@
.lF MDq  oCrqD Clq DN  PvC kp yoDv  kCk oCp PpFpJ
 pOv  zDF oD@@ okD@ @F P@G@w@ @ P@vC kp@ yoD@@v
.zDGlv
lq  qo  p  qo  lz l@@O@ @ qo @ p@F kok
.((z
@@@l@F @p@e@N o@v p@hA @A ok Co @p@ P@@@i@z l@Cl@h
do.kF DC DF kp  D Cp pOhk p)):lDpqDF
Co C HO  kh Clh D@i@v C .@l@@k A ok Co k@h co D@ D@J
.((kFlClh oCkpGDp DlF qC r Diz  PzCklN
HFC pw
 Ck .kF D@@v@FC p@C@h  H@@@FC p@w@@ ((@@@V C))
MCl oDC ok  kF  m DF iz  CF p oClDDv@FC
qC   vC pGJ  r HFC .PzCk Mpz vC pGJ FPGw
.kF DDw  pGJ Dzk pNPivpv ,HClG pwJk
kCpCDF  pRC pF C ,kF zD HW ClDh qC C DF H@FC
kh FPDV o DA DF Ck uDN   p Cpv  p lvD@
 DpD ok ,owV  DO ,k lF GCkoq kp C .kF Op
Co C  lqoPh vC pGJ yCkCqokCpF F PGw @ qC @@F
.koqA
ok DA Dh .kF qN@@@  P@zp@vl@F @q @ ((@@@V C)) C q
pGJ kh pz kCq okCpF qC  pGh p .PzCk oCp pGJD@w@@
.lDvo Dp C F Co A ,lzvC
oCqA pGJ F D@N P@zCk@ C Co C yp@@z ,@C p@F @ ,@@@V C
C F :P  kF kp  Co pGJ D @O@d C .l@D@vp@Fp@O@@@F
!!((n))lF F ((le))l

kqClFqCDkqCCpDPvCOvChClh:kp,lkCkpGJFCopGhCO
!Ow((n)) ,lF((n)) F,l CrvD p DN
e  C ok  koA r  D@zD@h  oD@h D@@G@z ,@@@V C
.lrF l Mpd F Co C qC DN Pio kF pGJoG
qoDG Co ok Co kh MpR  D  kF lz HCk  H@FC C p@@z
.kp  Co oD C  l p pGJDF
F PGw MoD@w@V  @@@Z@i@v  MoCp@z @@ p@ qC @@@V C
.Pp kp F  Co A v HC  PzCl oCkkhpGJ
p  lq iv p O qC ,lk Co pGJ @@@@ p@p@z q @C
.kp oCkkh Mpd F zDe
k DGk Co C ,kDOC pGJ F D  DoDF r@@ H@@@FC
.kp EDNpJ Clh lrpF A p F rpv  Dh
,lW@ Ap@ ok D@Fq l@F P@i@G@@@ EkC@F q  kp@ @C D@O@vCk
 HFC oDFok aA  DN oDwF  ov C .PvC lA ((HFC))ov
DF DN ov  , C DF  PvC p@@O@i@ l@@@@q
DC qC  cpz D ,A pOi    D@O@vCkl@@@
.PvCvo  lJ p k C Pzq oDOo oDWD
Dh ) HFC DOvk kDF DGN)) :lDp ((HFC)) ov ok lCl@h
 NpR  D .C DOvk kDF DGN (kro pG@@@@J p@ @F @@v
.kp qDF gqk ECn  Ckp p qC Co C ,kp Hw a@A  P@hl@CC
V r  C q .PvC oCp@z CoCk @ Co @@NA l@@Z@ kq@F
(PvC V  r r PD Ckp ,krpF pGJ Co pv pF DN)l@@
.((⁽⁷⁹⁾koCk kp F NA qC Dwo
kp PDz Clh F  q
pz ok DA .kF kp UCkqC ((h)) pOhk DF ((PD@@FuC))
uC .lOzCkPvk Piv Co pl  lkp lq DF ((l))kh
.kF lz d  hlN kp ,DpJ  OvlN vCF
kqDvkoApF Co h p OvCh DN lz kr ypw @F uC qo
uC .kCl D yh o ypz DN F  lqo D@@O@C q @
okDr F  F PGw N :P  kp ((oD)) Co q  lz h
.lz DJ kh O qC ,lF  .Ow
qC   A DN  ⁽⁸⁰⁾kF PDV Dq ok q  qC  ((oD))
Owi ,kp ((PD FuC))  oD .kF lvp@ A oD@Fok@vC
.lA  F vC ok kF oD
d pF .Clz Cpd  pF N  oN)) :P kh q @F ((uC))
lDG ,lzDG N klW lz d pF Co pC   Cv pG@@@@J qC CoA
.((!kppF Dh Fpk
FuC  pz !Cvo D :P  lA pG@@@@J kr@ @ ((@@h))
UCkqC  DF ,kF p  MpR  D CoCk  CV   O,P@D@
lCpJ DOwF  lz Cq CV  Po Pvk qC NpR A qC lF kp@
D  Pw Co DA ,PvC lz DJ  lF  kp ((oD))  DFll@z
?lk lJ  DF oDFkCo
Cpd Mpz pF N  PvC @C @Ck@ @ @a@A :k@p@ p@G@@@@J
,PvC kp qD N pF Ap  Clh F !Cvo D :P ((h)).Clz
qC Co C   PvC  Clqp olJ C .koD DFq F Co (()) Dp@@z
.oCk Pvk pOFx 
oDF C ok  rZ  Clz Cpd C pF N  C DF :kp@ p@G@@@@J
. DCo Co N COF  PvC lvp  F lClh HDVqC
ClzCpd C pF N :kp pGJ  lF rZ  qDF PvCh ((h))
.pF uDN  F iv  DF CN 
C F ,lz lC Piv ,lk Z Co kh  ((@h)) @O@
aA  pz qC ok  kh w F qC !DClh :P oD@ZD@ o qC@
OiFlF qC !DClh . PDz N F ,PvC lA Da@F  k@h p@vp@F
DFq F rZ !DClh . PDz @N @F @@D@@p@J  @O@vl@@@N
! qD  oDFokMpGJ
kh DN  p qC !CoDkopJ :P D z  Pwp Piv D@A
aDZ  lz N oDKwF pz F pC  Dk O@vp@Jp@v@F
xKv . PDz N F ,lp @@vp@ qC oCl@D@@ k@hkr@
.kCk pv D  kp lF DvA v F CoDOvkpv
DF Co C O kDW  lkF pGJ Dh ok  D@w@  D@q D@@N
.lOwp Piv  kpF Po C Dd F ,llzpGJ
kp ((kDW)) Mpd DF  lA pGJ Dh F ((@h)) @ @@@
,pv Owz ok pGJ Dq qC  D  kF kh pv Owz pGJ
lA J ((h)) CpF   qC pGJ .kp@ @@ Mp@@d@F
.kF PdCoD PivkF
Cp Clh !C vo D :P  pGJ HDV F kp o p@@k oD@F ((@@h))
Co kh iv !h C :P D !  CpF p ,lCkp @NCl@
?koCkDdZpGJF,oCkpFqCokDFq  kDW qCPvk DN
Cd F y  kF CoA Mpd  lz d pGJ F  D ok
kD PDdpGJ  d C qC lF .kF kCkCp kDW ov r 
:P D?lz Z q C !D :kp  kp wGN PD qD@F Co k@h
.oDF Co MpzpF :kp  h F kp o pGJ !C vo D PvDW@@C
kDWov CMDA Co DvA d pGJ lA ((h)) p@z @O@
.kpMN pF,kFvCok((oD))dFVCo
liF lClh D F)) :lDp ((@kD@W@)) o@v qD@A ok l@Cl@h
kDW ypz oDFok @ pGJ C @ N DF  Co q A oDO lClh.DFp
lClh ,kz Co Dz O lClh .lz ,kpF Clh F PD@@z kp@
.PvDF Cz
Dq (iv C DF) l pD kh Dq DF  DD@w@ D@@z kCp@C
Co DC  lOw Dw DCokD .lz l@@C@i@ D@A CokD@D@@C
kF  Pzq iv (oD) iv C CkC DF Dw Ckp@.l@Cl@@Cq
.kon ok A qC  liF Co A Clh lClF Co C.l
(lz DJ lF ) l@ ((oD@@)) Co k@h D@q @ @D@w@
,lpF uDN DA DF A qC J ,lCkppF Co kh Div l@@C@h@
aA qC  lk Dz F lClh  PvC lJ C .l kCqA Cl@@Fl@D@F
.koCk pGh lkDWC
DF) uDN qC G CO D k lDF ,l kCqA  PD Cl@F @w@ p@C
p Pz lDF ,lpF qo D k lCN pC .kp@@@F qo (k@hq
kld DC .lDF e pGJ  Clh F DODC lF DN l D@CCo
 @ lqo p Dw pC  @ PzCk  Co A lDF  @ PvC C DdC
.⁽⁸¹⁾lk lCh Dkok p @ lq qDF pv A ypnJqC
kF pGJ DF ((h)) O F VCo  Co kDW ov ,D @O@
DCl   Clh pF pA :P ,l@@@z ,l@z qD@ @@ D@@
Dh z ok  C DF  kp PGe pGJ DF q @C .k@@z@Co
F OwCO Co C MD@ qC @@@F ,l@@@z@ Co C Cl@ k@F
lClh
!kCk jvDJ A F  lz Co A 
Co ((h)) pz ,((PD F uC)) p@G@@@@J ,MD@A @C r@ qC x@J
 kp ((oD)) Co Mpw Z ,lClh Dp F :kp@  kp@oD@@dC
kh q F COF DN k DWC Co oD v C qC lDF,Cl@zD@@@@J
:Vo
?kCqA oD oD C F Co CkpF oCk Mol DA @ 1
CoA PD   PvC kDq kpF P !C vo D  :P PD F uC
kp Z lF Pvk qC Co kh Ow DN lDF Mo A ok Cpq ,oCl
.OvlN
?pF qo CO D k CN DA @ 2
oi rZ qo v  pC Clh F !Cvo D@ :P@@ P@D@ @F uC
.kz o Z  vpN A qC  k Pvk qC CoDF
?k D Co vp Pz oCk PDOvC DA @ 3
ok Dz kh  C p !pGJ C Cl@h @F @ :P@@ P@D@ @F uC
!l   F hC
(PvC kF  v DGpN D p) Dph D krDJ  :kp@ p@G@@@@J
.lvpFpPz FDNlk PpF AFlClh Dk  kNF
Co A  PD F uC  liF C F Co Dph oCl A p@G@@@@J x@K@v
 lz d  pF ((h)) q lF .kCk p Pz F oD CF
.lOp pv qC Co kh lq pkoDF
oD qC ,Oh DC ok EDh Fp@ qo Cp@VD@ @C qC l@@F D@@D@v
 F xKv .kDOwC  p !PwDF !p :P h .Pzn@((@@h))
Div  PzClD Co p Nl h .kCk y Div F lz kr@
!P F lN
ok  lO ((p)) N F  oCk pDh F !p C :P @@V qC
pk .kp PGCp kpF Cr qC PDG DF ((D@)) oCqD@F @@
Co N  Pzn rZ  lF .⁽⁸²⁾lz ((p)) F v l@@D@K@
.yDF Clh DlF HC  upOF Clh qC C .llCh((Cp@@C))
kr  F ok rZ p ,lvpO PD ECn qC xp @ Cl@F Co @C
.llF Pvk qC Co Pp  lvpN ,lvpN p qCx p  kz
FD@@ ok !q C :P@@ ((koD@V)) D@ @F p@@ D@Cp@@ qC @@
C pDh F Co kp :P p F  !kq p@d kD@q@@@@@Cp@@C
?COzClDqpJ
?Pw q C Ck DA !N pF C :P p
?Pw , :P koDV
C PDz ⁽⁸³⁾DvA P qCp qC lClh  PvC q C :P@ p@@
kDW ov  PvC GR pOhk ((h)) C .kCk jvD@J C @F  l@@@zCo
CpC  qC pC Clh F .PvC lz qD pGJ DF O@@  CoD@Fok
Z p DN Ckp pF o C qC  ,lF iv Hz DN  l@@@@D@d
.⁽⁸⁴⁾lFlCh
pGJ pOhk Hq
d)) .kF pGJ pw Wlh Mpd @a@F @ ((@RoD@d @Fl@q))
 F Dz qC lZ DkpF DF Co lq C , yp kpF oDWN qC ((Crd@F
o  pGJ MG qC J C C .Php Wl@h yC@@ @F koA
.kDOC DNC PDV Dq ok vC
vC lA pGJ ,lvo Clh vo pw oDiOC F Wlh @ @D@q
Wlh .liGF  F Co kh lph oq  ((lq))  PvCh ypwqC
l qCCo C ,PwCk kh  Co lq  pGJ .liF ypw F Co l@q
.Pp lqp F  PhDv kCqA Po  lF
 lOp lqp F Co pwJ  kF vo Ep D PD@V D@q ok
pwJ lD Co C De p qC C ,kG DA @@d l@qp@ @@@CD@F
 kh lCh pwJ q C F C q DF @@@V qC  l@@O@w@Ck@k@h
pwJ .lCh ((GN)) Ep Co Op pwJ  C .l@kp@@@UCkqC
.kF PDV vo rVlCh
lqp F  kp kCqA Co lq v  A   C @@ p@G@@@@J @O@
F lq)) yClCh olJ D F Co ((lq)) P@D@V @vo @G@,P@p@
lD Wlh  pGJ Dh ok  kCqA qC xJ lq .llCh@((l@@e@
.kpF pv FDA lqp
ok ,kF lz llJD@ @ yl@qp@ Cp@ ok D@z ok l@q ol@J ((@RoD@d))
p qC  kCk pv D  Pwp OvJ .kpF pv F Oiv@O@dCoD@
.Pp Co ylqp Cpv ,Ep CpDw hF x
ok lq  lkCk pGh ((RoDd)) F ,lkF lA Dz @F @@ qC @ oD@W@N
.PvC p EGe kp ,ClG F le   PvC
k p  ((H)) yokCpF DNC F l@@z Co p@G@h @C @Z ((@RoD@d))
DN llA  F  lOwF pv oDF ,lkF ew ,koC  Dz kppDvl@D@
ok DA .lCkpqDF Dw kr   F kh DF  l@@ kCqA Co l@qp@@
:lO  lkp MD Co pGJ
Dh DDw Dz !zD F opv lqp !H@@@Cl@G@ l@qp@ C))
pv Co Dvp  l Do DlF  l qC Co CoDOp .l@@O@w@Cl@h
Co kh lF  D lqp    D oDFok ClA  D C.lCkp
.((qDv kCqA  kpoClph
?oDZ:lO? CqC pOF oD  lCh DA :kp pGJ
Dz DF PvCh pC DN oCn ykCqA   pDd Co C :kp pG@J
Ow w  w Clh F lDF D kr PvCh aDZ  kkp pF D@z@F
.CpF kh J qC Co C
.kCk DC ld pF lCq p :lO yokCpF  RoDd
N k C lvpJ  qC  kp pDd Co l@q p@C p@G@@@@J A D@G@k @F
   C  PvC dCpz FRoDd  olJ C :P lq?lOw@
.lzDF dCpzF H
 pF DA DF OvCh pC ,oCn@@ kCqA Co @N @ :k@p@ p@G@@@@J
.DF D kr OvChaDZ
.D Dz kr :P lq
 okD  olJ kr ok kF pF Co lF N DA !lq C :P lq ol@J @RoD@d
? EDiOC kh  pz
Clk oDOo (pC p@G@@@@J) @p@z kp@ @C ok @ :P@@ l@q
 PpCo lq PvkpGJDWCok.DFClV  qCClq DNCh@@
@C @ l@@zD@F C@)) :k@p@  koA @p@ qC @O@D@@Vkr@
.((PvClqpiz
kp Do  ok Co lq  Pp CoA k lk Co C Z  lq olJ RoD@d
.PqDF Dz F
CDN lz oDlD Wlh Dh  pGJ kr ((RoDd Flq)) @@@l@F
qClF ((lq)) O DZ  PiCpF MG D F Co pG@@J l@Cl@h
.koA DC pGJ F wC   CpC
 kp kr ,Pp lqp F Co C pGJ  qo A qC @RoD@d @F l@q
: lkp qD A C A qC lF  lz lCh ((l@e@ @Fl@q))
NDh  Clh kDOvp C F Pw Dw kCpC Dz qC wolJ l@@e@))
DA @@C Col@J D@ @F Co D@D@@@w@)) @A.((⁽⁸⁵⁾P@vD@@G@C
 DF Co C r kp  lCh ((RoDdF lq)) Co kh C ,((⁽⁸⁶⁾lCi@F
.lOhDv HDi D
lvo v F C DN kpF pv F pG@@J @D@h ok D@@a@@ ((l@q))
((C)) yC Dh F kh p@G@@@@J .l@@ UCkqC P@w@D@F@@
.l oDOvCh lq CpF Co C pOhk ((Hq)) DN Po HClGpOhk
PvC lA C oDOvCh F kh CpF pG@@J kp@ o@@N C ((H@@q))
lz PdCoD ((PvC RoDd F lq)) CpF oDOvCh lz VO @
  w F  pz ,Ow Dz  pOhk  :P pG@@@J @F
P C F r ((eV F ClG)) H@@q okCp@F ?P@vD@@z l@zkCqA
.kGCo
Co C q  DC DF kp b@)) :@ l@z qD@ C@A @@ @C ok
oDOhC kh qC ,lkp okD Dp ypGJ  Clh O@ @l@vo@@
Cp ok ,kqDv J Co Clh DpD oDFC ok w pC ,lzDFO@zCk
.((⁽⁸⁷⁾kpF lCh pv FoDzA
CqC DC C  lF ,PhDv zo Co  N Ap MDA @C
okCo DA c PvC DV Dh lD  pGJ D p lClF lD@F x@J
DV c  ph   pGJ Cpq ,l@@ @a@@Jp@v ,l@k p@C
DA lF  lk@ D@W@C P@C D@q @F Co oD@ r@p@ ,l@C@h@Co
kCqA  yqpk  ,lq CpF Co yC pOhk p@C x@J ,l@C@h@@Co
,PvC p c  kv F l ok l ,l oDO@vC@h qp@Cl@z
OzCk Mp A qC Hq e  vo  MCkD o @S@ l@@Zp@
.llF oD C F N  PvC C ok Pe lzDF
yokCpF  Hq ,kCk A CpJ pG@J @ @ND@e@@@N  @A r@ D@F
ok ((lq)) l F ((Hq)) lF  lkCk PDo ((eV FClG@))
.lA
@F p@v ,@vp@ C H@z ko@hp@F D@@ ok H@@q ,@ @C D@F
pNpF lq qC Co kh .kF plF  Chkh q Hq .PzCkpFoD@qD@vD@
 l F pGJ  pOhk  HClG   PzCk  C!PwCk
DF CV Co lq  pGJ p qC  ⁽⁸⁸⁾lA ok kh ClDhl@z kCqA
 ko ,vC fe PFpN  NCm PD DF  PwCk  D@@C
.kF MpdA llz
,NDGDz kppJ  kCt GN DC CpF ,vC o qDA ok DD@R
qC Co MDdC))cC F  lrF oD Z F Pvk ,vC pGo PwDF
.((l qDA kh
qC kF Ep qo A e  lD H e MCkD h pF  oD C
HNpNpF CpFDF .PzCl D b ,NDh pGJ v lk  vC p@
.kkp  PwDF lz
F.kF  CpF MkD pN .PhDv lq DF Hq ,DC C D@N D@F
qC oDFp  kpF pGJ F PDz oDF lZ lq .koqA Piv Co C PV @
q kCk qC Co lq oDF p pGJ .lk  Co Hq  PvCh pGJ
.kqDwFkh pz DF  kp Pe Co Hq  PzCk ond pF kh
 Hq  Pzn ld qC Hq kCk  CpF lq oCpC @ @D@@@
Co Mpw :kp pGJ oDFp  P@zCl@ oD@qD@vp@v @V b@@@F
Clh ,l DDJ   qC xJ  kCk  Co ypw ,kh DWCpv,oClD
Dp qpv qC  koA ok kh pw F Co Hq kCk oOvk pG@J@F
:lvCp DD
N  PzCk Cp Co C Clh  w F  Co Dq oA kD F !pG@@J C))
Clh qC  (l  ) oClD Co Mpw O ,OzCk @Cp@ Co C@
kp qpv qC  OzCk DJ N kqDv@ oD@@zA Cl@h Co @a@A.up@O@F
qC lq UDOdC Ml O .vpOF Clh qC lDF DN A D@d ,k@FD@vCp@
qC lF DN kp XrN N CpF Co C (lA pv F Hq l) lvo DDJF Hq
  qC xJ kh DlChpwJ UCkqC Co ok D D@@C D@F kCp@C@C
 lDF  PvClh P@vC@h @C .l@@zD@F @O@zCl@ D@A l@D@@NC
.((⁽⁸⁹⁾kkp
PvC .Pw kCpC ,PvC OwCk q C CpF lClh aA ok pGJ pF))
Clh oD .PvC OzCk DpV  DJ qC kCpC ok  PvC @@C
FCCo lClh DODvo  lOw D@w@ kCp@C A .P@vC l@z ED@w@d
lvpN xa qC Clh rV  loCk F C Dp@D@ qC  l@@@@
CkpqC Cla C olJ le .lzDF Clh  DA HvDe  PvCD
 qC Clh PvC CpGJ NDh  Clh pGJ C F Pw DDw D@@z
.((⁽⁹⁰⁾koCk DA rZ
kzkDOvC MDA C qC .lW Ap ok lq  Hq DOvCk h kF C
DhokpZ  Ck pwJ pGJ kh F P@zCk @@ k ok H@@q @
qC xJ .koAok yClz kCqA  l F Co C pGJ  l pz ClDh
lq qC HqOp  qC lF .PzCk Co P D Hq  lq D@F UCkqC
qC  PhDvDJ Co qCo C  kpF q F Co C kG F pG@@@@J
Co kh lCh pwJq DF UCkqC Ep kp Cpq ,PzCk F kp C x
Co Hq oDqDvD Wo  d CpF Z  .lOwCk Cpd
,Hq l Ml DC qCxJ DN PzCk  Co pGJ  Clh ,kG C rV
.kkp ppFM lF  kpF pw F Co C
kDh koA ok kh pw F Co Hq ,pGJ kCk Dp Clh  D@
A CpzF  k lWv Co Clh ,lDvo Hq C F Co  ,pG@@J
 v Hq!Pp  kpF qo D k ,pGJ DF UCkqC qC xJ  kp on@
qC  PwFpDV qC Z pW Ow@F D@v ok @ P@zCk D@v l@@Z
.PD MD  kF pGJ Dq Owi
MDCo  lW Ap ok @a@A uD@vC p@F H@@q  l@q UCkqC D@O@vCk qC
:p Co pq XDO ,PvC lA vCpGO
kCqA  CpF ,kF kh kr Ow@FC @ Co H@@q p@C p@G@@@@J @ 1
 MCkD h pF  rZ .lCkp C pw  kp oDO@vC@hyCl@z
.kF  kp  p CpzCvo
DVF  koCkpF D qC Co GN  p PvCh vC pGJ , C DF
Piz Co P  CN ,DC ,vo  @vC  H@w@  Mp@R  D@
ok  k PFDR  kp pz kh ClDh qC Co oD C C .lk oCp DwC
,l UCkqC EDFoCkCDh pOhk pOF DF lCN FDv @ p@@ @vC
.PvC FDv  p koDZ Pzn qC xJ qpC Od  rZ
PDV Dq hpF  l @C P@vC@h p@G@@@@J oD@ @C D@F @ 2
C pwJ q ,lChpwJq,vCGkok,PzCkCph GVDoD@
kp D  Op  Mo ok,Cp@FD@@F .P@w@@D@w@Cup@
oD@ @CD@FD@Nl@@UCkqCCD@Fl@C@N@ yCl@C@hol@J,yp@@z
.kkpgwDVvo
lClh ,l UCkqC pG@@J D@F P@zCk @@ @D@F ok H@@q @Z @ 3
Hq DN l UCkqC  DF ,yCl Ml DNC qC xJ pGJ  lkoOvk
DWCpv ,lk Mpd A PDv pRC pF ,UCkqC ok Co k@h P@w@@z@
.lz  Z  lvpF kh oF
.PwCk DF G qC Co kh  kF qCpJl@F  D@@ D@F @q H@@q @ 4
ok q  Dd ,pOF Z xJ .koA p F Co ((lq)) P@V @@@@F
lApv  p F  pGJ DF UCkqC DF ,kp@F@ p@v @F @@@@@Z
.kkp D kh ok qoA F PvCDkCrorF
ok pGJ pw F Z  l  ((Hq)) qCpJl@@@F oD@Fok
 DF pGJ D@q qC p@@k D@ ((@@@d)) D@ @@D@ P@ p@,l@A
l q ok Co Dz lr pd :P DA F Hq ,lkpF
 ((DDVq)) V F oDzC !lC lCh DDvA ok Cp l lCOw@F
 kF C l r   .l EDh pGJ F ,C UCkqC F VColClh
.PvC kF Clh ,Hq l l Pd ok .lOwG l Co Cpk
kh ((lq)) lZp CpFDF .koCk p DwC kh pwJ DF l@C@h p@w@J @ 5
 lCh ((le pwJ)) Co C r  kp  lCk ((le pw@J))Co
lChpwJ vo lDF lF F C qC , .lCh yol@J D@ @F l@D@FCo C
 ,PvC kF C Mk TDF  PvC D w p olJ  l p@N@D@
.DolJ
,pGJDF Hq klW UCkqC  Hq  lq DOvCk PC pF k pOF @ 6
DF kF DoD qDA ok pGJ pC  PvC C ,kCk fN   F
C oDOvChF kh CpZ .PzCl D b l UCkqC yC pOhk Hq
xJ  l pzw Z F   koCnF  kpF yCkp kCqA  CpF
?kpF Co C lz F C qC
p DvDzoDh qC F F lDF @vD@N D@@ D@F @ @C D@F
pG@Jl@ p@F  kCkoCp@r@D@O@vkCo D@O@vCk@C,@vCD@C@hl@F
r DD  DApvD.lCkqDON  kpDzDKvvCCp
qC F ok  PvC W   Tld k  ,PvC lzDCrDOvk
:lWTkDdC C ok.PvClA z  vpvDN  ioDNHO
OFA  PvC pF Hq  lk  l@A l@q @D@h @F p@G@@@@J qo))
P  F  lq  kCk oCp pRDN PeN Co C Hq ClC DGq!l@@
.((!!lUCkqC  DF lCOF pGJ DN P Co Hq
.lqDzCo kh CwHq lklAlqDhFpGJ)):@@@CD@
:Plq,kplqCpFO!kpoewCopGJ,HqDGq DdAok
.((!!!loAokkh pw F Co C lCOF Dz DN k  CoC