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l
((kDG D FnN C)) :lDp lD ov ok DN Clh
Ap ok Z p ,lF  Po D qC PwC@@h @ @C
DN V  ,PvC oDwF lOw D C O  NDA@p@
 l N lG ok Co  CoDOi k@h MD@p@@N m@@@
lF w p d ok  DV p lDvo  k pF PvCO@@
pN ECn F lF A ok  PvC    w dkz oN
 o   ,PvC D    lz p CCpF ,l@
lG F PGw   CpF Co Dz DN  MDpN pDv W@@@z
Co Dz p MDpN ,lk C F Co d Z  lrWN k@h
lCN  C F l d  xJ ,lCk cDGC CpF r@
rWN Co NDpN DN  ,l pN kh lF ok lCiF e pF
 Dd PDo PV qC  A ,lzDF WOw  Pzq l@@@@
C C   kh CpOdC PDo PV qC @F,l@@F Cp@O@dC
 PvC C D C q  ,Pw P PdDv lGqMD@p@@N
OvCh C qC  kp N ClF Co C   aA ok lDFr lF
 lA yh   b ok C CpF  ,l pJ P@D@C
F)) pz A DZ ,kF lCi OvC @@@a@@P@w@@
F CqClC DN r (( pDF   DF Gw  pkDG
D ClG S C Ep)) pz A a  koCk oDzC DC
CpV  Cpv    Dwd Dqo D Dqo   z  ol@
ok pz Ap  Co NDV C@i@F p@C D@  .((@O@w@@
ok  lDF k oCp TeF ko Co  lz pO PkGDw@
. TeF A F VCo lZ 
DeGv Clh CpF PkG oDGOC
Clh DlF Co kp  PvC kDq oD@@w@F MD@A @p@ Ap@ ok
kp  kD DF H  pF Co k Mk uDvC  ,kpEDwd
C qC DwF Z F ,PvC DC d  DN Clh lF 
 F PvC q  DDvA ok  Co aA   kpl@@N r@@
pGN  vC F A qC  Od D p ,kpv P@v
C)) :kp  lD V CpA pz Ap  pkPd  ,lz
.((ClG dpC NA C oC MCwC  
rWN qC kz oDGOC lClh CpF lDF DN l@F @@@C P@@V 
D D pC Z ,lA Pvk F PkG D@ k@h @@@e@N
 Co lCq MDh   rWN yCC CrVC F CoPk@G@
A C D pF oD @@ H@dD@ MD@@@i@ @@hok
EV  PkG oDGOC F d lkpN lF @@@ cp@k@z@
 F qC F F pC D C CpF ,k Ch ClhCpF lF
lk  kF C CpF ,kp D  lG  lFC kh
,lp   Dzkh F lOw rZ D DN DkpGD
  D  w D  p A  l rWN @@
p   ,l pN lCiF  o pF kh lGok PvC lG@
D O ,l Hv   kCoC qC  lG qC CoOvC 
 DN D  PvC  lzDF C pF kCpC D khF ok PkG@
.kF lCh kD Clh F PGwD pF DN
Ch d D kz PkG D ok pOF Pk pC @@@F
kCoC  oz HdD MCkV DN pF kCpC pF  C Fkp@
  D DN F DeGv Clh Cpq ,l@@D@e@G@v Cl@hl@@F
C A pF ((rZ @ z))   PvC rZ p DDO@@d
 Co kh p  kh ,DeGv Clh rV kV b@@ @Z,k@z@
 .Pw D Co o  MDd  p  Co op  @a@@
ok    ok   MCm ok  rZ b Ow@D@ ok @@h
,l N Clh  Co aA p ,Pw D koCl O@vC @@
D N p  ,l DF Co C khPD  N OG@C
qDF  N qC lF F ,Pw D pFD qC P DO@C D@
rZ A pF okD a  kp N rZ A D@ C k@h
 ((pl z    )) :PwkCk Mol C pF Co DlF 
.((e z F))
EV D oDkopJ C PD  d P@v @@@ 
 C pN kCoC pFCpF ok DkA D@@@i@  MCk@V@kD@@@C
 NCoOvk Z ,kp op DC pF lClh  PvC@NCo@O@vk
pC c TDF  C Z  kCk Ov  MkDGP oD@Fok
.kp V lzDG Dz MphA  Dk MkDvD  DA
lClh     V  xC qC  DGdD @@C @@h
 F  PvC DC loA kV F  @@N @D@ @ Cl@h
Co C Z ,lC D  d Fq  m C Dl@@F @@P@@V
PDC Z  l PDC Co DN C Z  lvDZ lvDF
lk d C F  OD ,PvC DC pN D  l@@
kh MkDG  CN F e Co   ,koA ok kh PDCF Co @
 O  PD DF d p qC P  PD Cp  ,l@
 lF A p a  PvC pCk  @ kp@D@ D@@ ok
qC  PvC C pl F PGw pF kCpC kpF lF DF PkG
rV w  PvC C   N D DeGvClh  DWA
@ pN PkG dp ok  Pw rDV PV C qCPw D C
 )) :kp ykh DZ ,kz OvpJ C rV wB N 
 kp PDC  D pDv h F ((DC C ClG@@N C @Fo
PD pDh F F ,Pw DzNCm DeOvC F DAoCkpFDp@
 F DWC PD F ,Pw NCm  DzPD lzDF Dz
.PvC EDGvC qC GGv F CpkpF G
PV C qC DN Clh  PvC C PD jv k C pk p
lzDG C   Pw rZ  w @@@ D@l@@F ok
 lzDF C  kh Ow ok F  Pw@ D@@Z @@h
CdC  MD  DNCm PV qC MCkV DN F ,lzDG@F
DN Clh PV C qC ,lC @@@@N @@@ D@@D@@C
DA Ck lF F Cn  ,Pw r DA D DN F pND
pk  ,kp d kp Cp Co DA z @V @ @O@k@G@
Clh p CpF Co F  Clh CpF Co kh MkDG qC FlCN@@
ok  pF kCpC F ok pCk lF  PD h F.lk D@W@C
kh lG ok lCh  pN o p lCN DPD @C
.Pw lG z V D  D DN F DZ ,lF
   k   D)) :A DSC  PvC D D@@ @C 
 phC  C  leC   C C  C  )) A  ((z
C  oC  D  MCwC  D  fGw)) A  ((eC
 ,l Pk A pF C ((pl z     leC @
pGO DN Clh F PGw  OkG  lz zo pl@@N p@@F
 F pGO PkG  eN  rWN qC  PvC D DPvC
.kz Op DzDwC OWok
ok A o  PvC D P@k@G@ @C @@@C @ @@h
 kp p  TeF o C ok lDF C ,Pw r pFMDOW@
kh lF Co pk F pF kCpC qC @F P@@V@Z @F @ l@k
?lCOp
A EDGvC  pkpF
kld DN l DDq qC lk D Pp@F j@oD@N @ D@W@A D@N
xV qC kCpC yp  lph  pkpF Dw G DvkD@O@@
pF MDOW F ok p  pCk CDw r  D F pF
lD H  kDOC ok DG qC F F ok  qpC lDz ,kF
olA O  oD Dw C  ,lzDF  D@vA D@@p@A
,kp ClJ A CpF ioDN ClOFC CN  PvC l oCkFDv
D CoCk kpF Dw  lk D Co D @Cj@oD@N @
.PvC OzCk i MCop  kF DO  Dok i
Cp@z P@e@N ok D@w@C @ k@F @C A @@C D@@@ 
PvC P FD  DO MoF  lz Hv kCqA@i@
MDCd G qC lAok PD F  DDO  uDVCpDv lD
lz  DwC pC  PvC   ,lAok MCkDV MD@ND@G@ 
p P F r C oDRA  DC Z ,koCl kh qCoD@O@hC p@@k
C oDRA  DC ok lCN lCiF  o@p@ p@@ A  l@Aok
CpVC DkpF ok DO O  kFO@v A @C l@@ p@@N
F O pkpF Dw PlDF Pw  rZ ,lCkp@@
 ,kG  pz  lb lF  C @@  @Cr@V kCoC
kpF OzCk Pvk Co  p x p  kG  oC h
D  OhpOvCh @k @ Co @ p@ D@  kp@@ k@h
lz CpVCkpF D ok  C F ok Z p ,liF
lk DA v CC lD  CoA OhC Hwd F kDq CrV o@C
,PvC kF wN G  pF OG A uDvC  o F ,kz
F PGw fND HD  lz C qW  V ok G@ p@@@
Op J CqC ,l pvC ,lF ,lF lCh  oD p E
p OvDoqd ok xo  PvDo F G p  .kqDv D@o 
PGw olJ p  G p a  ,kp OvCh @Z
C pC kp lN Co lqp C p qC Co olJ  O@zCk l@qp@ @F
oD p kh   F PGw  kCk d F  OwCk
D  liGF Cpk F D  lzpF Co C Od l@@@F l@C@i@F @k
D  lk yCoD P o F D  l lGN Cpk Cl@qp@D@F
.koA ypv pF pkF
PD Dw  oF  O op Ozn@ QD@e@FC ok D@ 
Mol DN DwC p ok  Cpp pF PvC G DwC OW@ok
kV kpF DOC A qC V F PvC   rZ p qC D@O@Cp@F
DF Co ok PvC G  GV ,CliOvC Dw  Dw@C ,koCk
A kV D qC k CliOvC lCOF  Co rZ p khMD@d
MDGp Z  pD Z  D C kC qC Z l@@@kD@@O@vC
ok  C kh    DwC Z  MDCd Z  kDVD@
ok CpOzC Dw F UDOdC uDwdC pC  ,PvC @S@P@@D@w@C
Co kh   kCpC   kF C G@V qoAk@G@ @l@q
ok DN  DOVC F pG UDOdC  ,lD@@ oD@@S@O@vC
  ok kh D  pDv DF CpOzC GF oGW Co C lq
pDv  C ,o C qC ,PvC k A qC DOC  rZp D e@N
p  A CrVC qC rV p  lkCk N OW@@D@@@
DzkCpC DN  OzCk DC D  F DOhCCpC qC p
DDC XDO  ,lz oCkohpF DdD@@ @@W@ qC
 ,kp v A qC DOVC q ol Fw p ,lz w@N
h pF @ O  oD @ MN@Z @F kCk ok @N
C MkDz F ,PvC oCpC o qC Dp GV  @G@ qoA
ok P p DOVC PvC kV C DFDwC qC kp  F@
 l  DOVC C  F DJ PJ lFNlz  M k@h
 kCpC ol  oq F l pz  kq PvCkA G r A
 kp FDpC D k  l kh oDOvC pq Co kh 
.kp qCok Pvk kh Cik F DCC  xC DA DV F
kCpC C yo ok D  CkCqA pOe l@C@h p@C Cn@ 
ok Co kh yo DC  lk lCh l@@ @D@N D@zoD@@S@O@vC
qC rV  DA OW ok hCk  DDwC ok DN DDw@C@@@N
 DF  DzA ok Co oFr yo F OwCk pGO@l@@A Cr@VC
C qC Co zk Pw  rZ ,lOzCk pW@@zk  P@vk
F e zk pV F D ,kF DF  lkp@@@N P@@V
PvC kF C   qoA   lz C OW qCUph  D@@F
kFD  e Co C vo  vC ,kCk kDF F Co pOw k@J  oD@N @
 p  lz UoDh kh p OWqC PV @@ @F ,kqD@v
,l N Co C D  C  kp kFDCo C  kCk@ @d k@i@F
Co kh kC  ColJ a  ,kGD CpO@dC C Cp@F @Z
OW rV  Dd  ok Co kCr DA lOwCk kh @@
Z  ,lOzClJ Dzkh v  qCp  lkpz kh
 lColJ FCN  MDO qC pF OWok Clqp  lkF lO
o  kh Clqp ok  lkCk dColJ F PV @ @F
.lF Co pk MDpN  Ohp O Od pN
Co DA kF DA ok  NDh  lkp N PV C qC D@
DJ  kCpC  lOW kCpC D  l Dh  PzCk CpF
ok  loCk d  lO@w@@ D@A @p@z @D@@ ok  q @
DOhC kh F CpA EDG H Nn p qC  k Cp@d@@D@V
DA Od k pN  hk o  OW kCpC u ok lk
ok vDvC C lz  x@J ,l@oAok k@h @kp@F @p@q Co
kF C  N  DOhC d D pkpFD@w@
C  lz  r  ,lCkF D kh CpF loq DDw@C@
p F ,lkp CpVC i D F PGw Co l@w@JD@yo
Dw DN ,lOwCk kh Po F e DSOvC lF Co@
v  DOVC q ok  loq Dzkh S  lkFDSO@w@
kCpC F Op kpF qC D b Ozn DC qC ,l@@zD@FD@z
:lkF D v F C l  ,kG DCpFOW
  kph Clqp @2 lOzCk V pv DA DF  @D@@@zk @1
m E p @3 Dzkh DC F PGw Dq @Z @ D@A
.kh OD Mr HDF PGw
pkpF ioDN pv
Pvk ok pF OW ok pkpF Pv @z j@oD@N @Z p@
CpvC oDFok Pwi Pv C  lvo pF Z ,Pw@@
CpF ,lzDF lz  Clqp  Dq oDFok xKv  @@V
 MDDd   F V   C joDN ok  oCl@A @@@C
ohpF V CpvC pkpF Pv F Fp DdC C@
.ohpF Clqp  Dq pkpF DDOvCkF
o ,D ,l lD l lO C   V F ok Pv C
@ CoD  k k S qpA DvA DkC F ok a  Cp@C
DN ,PvC OzCk UCo @ k kDOvC MCoN  WC qC @ o@@F
Pv C C DC  mDC qC x@J  k@@ o@@ @vC@@@C
DN ,kp A C  DdC ok NDdC  A pCk ok kDqMD@N
ok  l DWC F Pv C DWCpv ,vC MDN ApRC ok C
.lkp   o F wpF xCp ok GDv kDO
Ep  pz C oDFok  kh W@ ok ((@N@N D@@kp@))
 F ok pkpF Dw :l ((219)) e okOz
F C  V CpvC D qC DkpF C  ,kFD@z @l@
 PDV Ep  Do  DD  k F ok yo@C  ,l@k@F
F o Oo Oo   ,kF p D CoCk vCok @a@@
ok xKv  ((1843)) Dv ok l ok Pwi ,PzCnP  Cq
qC lF DpA leO MDC ok  ((1848)) v wCpMCpO@w@
 ((1888)) Dv ok qpF ok  ((1865)) v ok DCV
 OD N wCp wpF ok ((1890)) Dv ok A DN,l@z
DV pvCpv ok  DN C C ,lkp okD oCp A P@@@F
D qC F a  DpA DG qC F ok  q ,l@
PvC pF DwN D P C D  ,PvC DF A qC oDRAD@vA
.lq MDop  MDGVC  dok
?PwZ pkpF oDFok vC p
:kF rZ v pkpF EDGvC l O G  oD
.ADSC  pz  MFC P OzCk @3 ol  oq @2 V @1
 kp  Co phC HGv kF C  kF @C @vC D@oD@ qC @@
 qDFpv  e  Dd  Po  Dz qC Co pF MDG V@d
MCqDOC  ,kpz pOe Dw o F Co li  kDh lDp@
D  p  DDV CpOdC ok  ,k  Co lq MDD@@O@hC
ko Co  DOvCh  lD  oDC ,kp wN F @d@@
kh ld ok kh pOe d kpF oDF ok Co   ,kCk oCpDOC
 krPvk pF  kh oD pF Co DA a  PhDv oDO@hCD@N
.kp w DzkV D  lCkpHw
rV kp pF O vC P@d ok oCl@D@q ED@w@d @C o
F lD  D fD Cp@C ok r@V  kl@d  D@@dC Cp@VCok
PvCh k Co Z p  Pw Z  ,koCl k kOW@
DOhC kh F llwJ kh kp lq CpF  Co Zp  lF
kp  S kp lq MDON  iz MDO okF ,lk
 DqoA ok C pC  ,koCl pDv qC qDOC a ,P@vC kD@
orF qoA A Z ,Pw nD Cpk ok V b F izD@C
q   Pd qp C DF vC oA ,@Z@ @Z l@zD@F
 Co ColJ P a  kpF F qC Co ol  oqF DpO@vC
PGw DN A O DA F pC  k kle ClqpF PGw@
 N v oDF  ok kCk DzkC oCl@ P@D@@d @F
DzlF  Co A k  pWd DC ok DCC d Dz PFpN
qC F ld F Clqp lvo F ,v oDF C   ,OzCn
DN ok  lz Hv DA qC r P A lz @O@zCkp@FD@z yk
 oD lz pFCpF kh Clqp DF k D@O@VC@@d
 iz lq ok r Clqp lOw kh oD@O@hC H@dD@D@A
oCl A PvC C ,l oDOhC HdD  Ow@ k@hM@D@@N
.lz D Clqp F PGw ColJ CpF vC O