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DO lClh kF (())
C Ap pF lD ov ok (())  .((@@@@C))
CpF Co Ap D ((eDF EDOC C DrC )) :lDp ,PvClz
l F D Dl)) Pd o qC  ,d F @koA kp@@N
lN Co ykh qC G DvA DFDO  Dd ok ((EDO@C@
D )) l G C ok Co DA P@Cl@ @@@l@@@
.kCk oCp G DvA DFDO pF  CoAp D ⁽⁵⁾((@@@
 MCoN) G DvA DFDO pF Ap  PvC GW @V
C  @    ?PwZ (()) .PvC (W@C
 lCO .PvC PGCp  DG  dB Pw  @@@
cC d  GCp ,Pw A ok pN @ ,@C p@F @
lDp Ap  pGN C Dd .koCk dC p@@N  kp@
Z ,PvDA jvD C DF ,PvCG DvA DFDO D@d Ap@
 PvC C CpF ?DA Dd  PvDA jvD @ Ap@ @ P@vC
l DF l PGw G DvAEDO DF lF DvA EDO p PGw@
l ,l qC  lqpd  DOwwoD) .Pw@@ yk@h
,pOD DF PvC pOD PGwF ,(l  Co A  kz lN
 MCpN  Dd  ok pNDJ u DF PvC pNDF u PGw
 Pw o C Pw pNDFu ok ykh DF HvDO NDd@C
d Co ee DCOeA ,l  kF Ozn ok  Co a@A
F qC lz C A ok Co DpeN  DOlF @O@G@C  l@@@
l jw kF Dh A DF HvDO   Co DdC ,kpF@
A co ,kpF F qC EDOA co  Pw C D DA jw 
 Dd D ok Ap PvC e Ap ok Dd  ok EDO
pN  hk  PvC ,F ,PvC pk C DvA HO
A DV F pk dkoCkp@F Co @@@d @C ,l@@@ @
OzCk C qC Co oDZ kDA  EDO A kh  koCn@@
.PvC
(HCp D F) Ho  Dd ,PvC  D@O@ Cl@h ,D@d
,PvC D  DG  Ho  Dd ,PvC ykh lF DG@@
DO Clh)) ,PvC cp Clh  lF FCo pOF DWC @Z@
 l O kh Clh F Co kh w pC  ((PvC@@@
qC  PvC kpKv DV F ,koDKwF Clh F Co kh p@C,l@k l@@@J
.PvC  ClqkpGOvk p kpGOvk
Dq qC) ?PvC @@@Z Ap@ @e@ ((D@@@z)) @@ ok
kDG C VC  @Nr@@G@)) :l@@@(D@@@z
Ch Cp Co Dz  w N Mr F ⁽⁶⁾((iC@
pNDF ((i)) qC ((i)) ) N i DlFp@ kp@
 DA .lCkp Dh Co DzkV C @ @D@l@@F,(P@vC
F Co Dzkh  lOw DD lCkp Dh Clh CpFCo Dzk@V
A ok .l ClJ Co C DWA lCN Dz pk,lCkp@K@v Cl@h
DlF ⁽⁷⁾((Dv  x kDG C)):lDp p@@k
OzCk DA ok CN m b N ,lClF DC  DA ,
nC  D@@@v D@@C)) :l@D@p@@p@@k @A ok .@zD@F
.lCOpnJ Co C   PvC DwpF Dz wN ⁽⁸⁾((O
 pFDF .PvC ⁽⁹⁾DlF  C Ho  Dd DO@ Cl@h
(()) ok  pN  l@@ @ @@p@w@@A
  pC DDdC kpKv C F Co ykh lF C O ,l@FC@h
Co A Dz  r S l Dh ykh ClhPw C ok 
ykh  OD  MoD A DF C ,lCOo DNkh kpKv poq F
C qC lF pk ,koCk kV A F ok    pC DDdC koCk
.l UoDh Co D  A ykh C kpKv
((rr))  
D k p F  Pw D@@@ k ((r@r@)) Cp@F .((r@r@@C))
kV p .Fq  Pm FD ok Mr  :PvC rr DOClh
Pm pk p qC koCk Mr p qC pC  PvC Fq Clh qCp@
kV b .Pm  Mr qC PvC COiA D ok rr p.koCk
pvC  pk kV F OwFC DkV  ,koCl OvC yk@hqC
kh F VCo Z DDS Dd .lOw p@k k@V@ o@@@
kp m  Co Dk kp  pC DwC  : pmDDw@C
lD DF  kp   lzDF rr pk kp FD@ ok ,l@zD@F
Dd  ok ,PvC kp PFDR  pF Co ykh MrC C C l@zD@F
lvp C F C  k k pC ,PvC @m ,kA D@@
ykh ok ok Z Ep  mD ,P@vC @O@hD@v yoD@
kV lCN C oCh  Pm C MCm ok rr A DC .kz
.PvClh ,PvC MCkV D Z lzDF OzCk
@@@@ D@ @ P@vC @@@ ((r@r@)) p@@k @@@
.PvDGCp  ,PvC rr z  .((D@G@Cp@))
kDC DwC CpF ,PvC EDD DS  EDD lD@@F D@@zC
kDC  PvC rr DO Clh .(kVCrr)PvD@G@Cp@
rr .l DF Co pF CpF Clh yqoC ,D C F rr.PvDGCp
pF CpF zqoC k C DC PvC w  yqoC,C D@@ @F
Pvk h ,PvC rr h ,PvDG@Cp@@@@h (Cl@h) :P@vC
((oDGWC)) Z ,PvC k  (k)CpD .PvC @O@zCk
.lk D k qC  F Co pk  A(PvC lz pm lF )
lClh D MD qC pk  ((oDGV))
((oDGV)) .PvC ((oDGV)) oDkopJ DvC qC  .((oDGW@C))
kD qC  :(lCO  p@w@@) l@zD@F l@C@N@ kD@ kqC
Co Dpw    A  ((oDGV)) Mo C ok.((CpG@V))
 ((pGV)) Co lFOwz   C .l CpGVkz ClJ 
 Owz   PvC C CpF l ((pGW@))Co yk@h
ok  C  ,l cC Co Owz A lA@C k@z@ Cl@@J
 ko ok  ,PvC C pGV d lp@G@V @
Dd  lCOwF Co  e o lClA  kFlF Ow@z @S@
C F DDk ok .PvC C pGV N kpF lCh@ D@w@C
:D ⁽¹⁰⁾((pwC C pFDV D)) :PvClz oDzC h @@
p  Clh C :koCk C ,A  ((pw@ @ p@FD@V D@))
ok PvC C  ykh ,CpGV. CpGV  N Co Owz
Dk Dk C  ,koCk kVC Z PG D@ ok .@D@
 Dpw   ,l PDhkC p  qC .PvC kDw  
C ok pk C F ypvPJ ,loA kV F D
D aD p ,l cC CoDpw   A  koCk kV D@k
ypv PJ kz hq D lFqC DV pC .F Dkh l@F ok
Oo F qC  Co DWwA  kp oD F l pz DOvk C
lq PwCN Dkok w ,kG Z pC C  ,kqDv  qC
DN lz ClJ DwC lFDV  ok Z hq  pC  ,l@
ClJ DoDF hpF kCpC F S ,kF  Cp@@ C p@@ p@hA
llz pC loDF S .PvC DCp p phA DN  l@@@@
Co lF ClhpC  l EDwd DwC Dd .l ClJ DOC pk lzDF
pv qClCF Ovk aDZ ,l CpGV Co  kF OhDw o @C
 kF qDF kF Dd D F hq D p phA DN ,lz hq qv
.lA h
C  PvC l CpGV C  F P@vC oD@G@V D@@O@ Cl@h
V ok @ pF p ok Co DwC pC Dd @ l CpGVPD@d
lClh PoDGV p FN G kh .Pw Dw@C @l@q@z
 r F ,PvC DwC co ok Owz r @FD@@ .P@vC
 rZ  kF DF pC .PvC DwC co lzoDJ  lz @@@
.kF oCq DoD h ,lDF DF Owz CpF Pwz @ ol@
l oDOvC  FN  kpF C Dok FDwC  ol @@@ @
dC koCk  OoDGV A F,ykh  A F D@@O@ Cl@h
lF ,lzDF lz gCov  zpS ,l o @ qC ,l@@@
HnC  HDOC)) kF l o k Co A lDF pD@ p@@o
.⁽¹¹⁾(( Hm  
Mol  ,PvC PoD D@@ ((P@oD@G@V)) p@@k D@@@
rr A ) PvC v pq ok rZ   ,e PpD,e
 ) PvC rZ   ,(PvC C kp p  C D@@@@F
.⁽¹²⁾(kDG pDC
PvC D P oDkopJ MCm ok pGN
cC ok ((pGO)) .pGO@ oD@kop@J MCm ((p@G@@O@@C))
 .koCk klO D N EDF .PvC @@@N ED@F qC EkCD@@@
F xGO  ((pN)) lO pC S .PvCxGN @D@@@
 rZ F lz pDO  PvC C ypk  .l@z P@Cp@
qC Cpe DpG .klF kh F DO koCl Co rZ .koCl DC
P ,⁽¹³⁾(Cko DpGC) PvC D DpG,PvC oDkopJ MCm
 ,PvDpG F xGO C  F PvCpGO C .PvC D 
   Co DpG DV C @  DFmDC  @ GN D ok
p ?oZ C p  .koCk N pF ,xF  lAPvCo C ClC pF @
OzCk DpG  O lCN  C FDok ,Pw@ @Z p@ ,C
,koCk kV ok A ok ,l V PF lCiF pC pF .l@zD@F
P oDkopJ MCm ok pGN Cn .koCl PvC rZ F pDN 
 P pF ok  PvC DpG F xGND Z PvC D@
pDN ,koCl kV PvC DpG F xGN OC DWA Z PvC
.koCl Co P A  PvC O F pDN PvC DpG F
A  PvC E  lF ok Od  P@vC p@G@@N @ @ ,@@F
pDh F pk rZ  F DOCF  eDF pGN .PvC eDFpGN
 koCk MCoDzC ok lq EDF ok Fh h V Dv F ,Clh
...w    D Do oDC l lrC)) ?PwZ oDlq
qC p rZ p F kF DOCF ⁽¹⁴⁾((eCp z   pGN
DV F Co kV b (iz)  PvC C D pGN @C.Cl@h
MkDG D F  lk oCp kG Co C  lD@@@@Cl@h
Clh qC p kV b  ,kCk oCp V@N ko@ @,@Z@
.Pw lF oCp l  G@ ,l@ Co C @ @@C @O@w@D@z
C qC oDkopJ MCm PvC r ((p@@D@@ C D@e@G@v))
 Clh FD ok lF  lqo pGN.lqo @ @D@@p@z
kp N F Co Clh DV  kCk oCp Clh pzCo kh ,lqo pz
.PvC
oDkopJ  MD ((o)) ((oDF)) ((Dh))
DF A v p C .C PvC ((o@@C oD@G@C @D@i@C C @))
(... C C  nC C ) A k A ok DO ,lz pz ((C@))
,lz DF NCm MD C ok  DWA kF cp  PkGDw
(( C C )) lF  kz pz ((C )) D@F qD@F@A @C
C)) :(PzCk DWA) .kz  MD koC DW@@C@Z koCl@
)) :(koCk) DWC ,((oDGWC rrC C CwC ul@C
,plN F lpA ,pqClC lpA Clh P@vC((@D@i@C C
D ,pqClC  plN  ((h)) ClCO @@F @Z
kDWC ,lV  oDF .((oDGC)) .pqClC plN DF lp@A
oC ok  (PvC) l kDWC  lpqClCMCm C xJ .l@@
qC  ol C kD  qC S pC PvC lpADO Clh  @D@
ok ,MDGp ok .PvC lz EDwd ,PvC pkol C pk kD @
DwC S pC .(PvC o C) DwC  ok,Cd  ok , 
PvC pNlF  DOC ,ol C DOvk PvC ol C DDJ
EDwd DoD  DC ,pOoDF  PvC pOi ,pODN 
kDWC PvC ,PvC kh ,lV  oDF  .PvC Op@qCl@C  l@z
.PvC kDWCP ,l
D lDF l pC .iF  ,iF Mo@ ((o@@@C))
 PvC C S Pvok ,lCkppF C PDd F  l@@@ ECp@hCo
pl qC @ koCk  oD    A DF @ Co D  DilDF
.C J F l lGN Co A  l qDF  Co Di EDN lF ,lqDF
C pF  Clh .F pF kD  ?PwZ @D@ @C@C
Com A .lk Mo   ,PvC (D kD) kD Alp@A
 ,r  ,koCk H  kz S Dw@C @ P@@@hCl@G@ @
  o nC )) @ ,P@z@ @ @h @ ,C@i@O@vC
D .liF Mo A F dook  PvClh ⁽¹⁵⁾((D@doC
 kp  qC O  l GW z F vDz@@@V
F l pz Ppv F ,lAkV F ldC v  q iN
.kz orF  l lzo  nN ,PhC Mo F pS@N
qC  p .kz DN k ykh lvo ld  F  @@@
,DNoDZ lz ,kzDN k  l nN Ppv @F qD@F D@@@C
F o  DN ,DNkrDzkz DNP ,DNP k@z@ D@NoD@@Z
DD lvo  dp F .l ClJ  lzo  Pp@v
v ok h lFS P  .kz ClJ  @ @
.kF Pvok lChEDC wv S ?PwZ ,l@z Cl@@J D@@A
DD lF .kz oD wN?PwZ ,lz Pvok DV  ok C
 z pN lCkF pllD  FD   D@@v l@ @
 Dv S lz,lk MDh pN  P p@@N
PDd  Dv ClF ,llF N Co ED@@C @@w@@v l@D@F
DC  (!PvC C HW)lOw p phA DN  l ClJ O@
DA qC iF ,lpF lDF lDF  PvC Dv pk D@@v A
.Co Pz pk iF Co CiOvC pk iF ,llF N Co H
 ClC ok DWA F lvo oD lF .kz ClJ D @@
qClC F (()) .lA kV F  o D @a@F
 Dd ok, qClC F  oCl pOoDF  qC D Z DC ,
qDN  ,kz  qClC F lFDOF pl F Co DDNoCr@ p@C
.lOw DGNoCDDD lA Z F  qD A DF D@C @@
p ok Co DwC Z.lzDF l EDwd lCN DC  PvC lF
Mo olZ lAokZ Mo F DN C zF kD C .pF
 O kF oCko Mo S Mo pC !?kz Cl@J
lz C ,DJ lF ,kplz lF , lz C ll p C qC @h
((No)) okDC .PvC CkDv rZ C O .Dw@C Mo@
.Pw Dpd C PGe  D 
 lkF kp pCk CpC ok DD DD@A @@J D@v l@@Z
DF  kF Oo P iz .kF llV P p@@@@p@hA
CDhoD lzDF oCp pC P C ,kp PGeA @w@
llF DWC oD DwC   qClC F lC@O@F@ k@z @O@hD@v
oDkh qDN) CpN fv  pFCpF kzO@hD@v l@D@F C@D@hoD@
.(Pw
kDWC ,C qC pqClC  plN ((oC oDGC D@i@C C @))
Z p ((weC D@@vC @)) l@@F .C qC @@i@FMo@ ,CqC
C e F D P Z p ,PvC A qC P@vC @@w@dD@@vC
((PvC A qC Cpe)) l O .PvC A qC CpeP@vC
,PvC D  aA qC PvC CV PvC Cpk ok  Z p@@
.lOw C vC vC Cpk
pd oDG ov NDh
pz ((fGv)) qC ov .((oC  MCwC  D @ f@G@w@))
 MCwC  D  fGw)) .kz O@h ((f@G@w@)) @F l@z
p) lCh Pvl F ,l xlN  fG@w@N Co C((oC
F fGwN O lld ov C ok) .(PvC q  DD@vAok @Z
q OwCk r  p qC  ,leN DF PvC qC @e@
q  DDvA ok Z p .(kp O D p@@F Co C D@F P@vC
F Dd ,lOw oDkopJ MCm fGw DvA  qMCom DN ,PvC
TeF A oDFok op ,l fGwN Co oD@kop@JMCm D@@@ @Z
.Ckp
F pC ((rr)) .d rr PvC ((@@e@C r@r@@C @ ))
p kz CN d DF  O ,lzDF pD HD D@D@@@
P   ,kz CN ((ul)) DF (()) PvD@W@A
Cr  Up  Up C ,PvC Mr  ,koCl Pd PvC Nr@
Up kz ClV Pd qC Mr  Mol pC  ,lAokEA qC oD
Mr A DO Clh @ .l@A@ok EA qC oD@ Cr@ Up@ 
d Dd D ok  PvC C r@r@ A @C@@
  .d rr PvC ((d rrC  )):PvC C@@
.pDC C le  C
Co D Dk DClh ...C D pC VC rC C C @@vD@F
,lF oCp Ap oCC WN rp Co D DG ,CkpF o DC o@F
PGe oCC ,DpF DzA Mkh Dwd DvC  Mkh Pp @FCo D@
...DFDOF D DG ok Co Mkh Pp