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(6 - 1 MDA) RDV ov pwN qC C iF
ov C oDFok pOi fN  RDV ov 8 DN 1 MDA
d
eC rrC C  EDOC rN
 MD oC  MCwC  C
  MDC FCk  TG D  h  
oCF DdD qo  DwC  C rC D  oDC  C OhC 
  MDC cDpC HpN  DN lF
 C lF Tld DG@ @e@D@F @@@ D@@@O@ C MD@C @@N
⁽¹⁾NDC
((Cd))cC F qC   PvC RDV oDG ov ,ov C
oCnD P .lzpz ((d)) DF  Dov  ,P@vC
C kh ok  PvC NDA qC ((RDV ov)) F oDG ov C
F .⁽²⁾((RDV C  pN)) :PvC PD F VCo  PvC o@v
CDC lF  PvC lA(A C ok)  ((RDV))  PG@vD@@
PvC lz lD ((RDWCov)) D F ov C lz lCh pwN
Dq ok ,PvC lz qD ok  Dov qC ,PvC  ov qC 
 pd DF  ov CClOFC ok lCkF  ok pC pGJ 
rrC C  EDOC rN)):koCk ypv PJ (d) kz@ p@z
 wd ov C ok a Dhk ov C ok .((@@@e@C
TeF Ap Dov qC hpF CC pd C F VCo G@
F pk oDF   G oDFok . oCp@@N  P@vC l@z
C  EDOC rN) kF pGN pk DV  ok  OGvD@@
D ,k eN qDFPp oCp TeF ko (eC r@r@@C
.lz lCh((d))  kh F VCo  SeF
eC rrC C  EDOC rN - d :C A k pwN
pGN rN F DWC ok C V  Ap rN  CrC p@
PvC lz
DrC DC)) :l@z p@z o@ @C ((@d)) qC l@@F D@hk o@v
DF .koA kp@ P@p@F p@J H@z @ ok Co Ap@ D@ ((@@@@
kp Hz  ok Ap :lA PvC DC EDF qC  ((DrC))p@G@@N
DGOvC p Ap kh qC aA FD  kp@ p@ D@W@A.l@A
kp k Ap oCk q C ok D  ND@Co @ k@z@
DN  ,V  DVC cC F lA kp  ,PvCOzCk lA
pGJ pF ldC Pd  Mo F F kG A Mo@@F Ap@
 ok lDz  Hz  ok C  PvC lA kp  kp@r@ p@C
:lDp   ol oDG ov ok .PvC OpMo @@e@
F p ⁽³⁾((olC  D okC D  olC  D@@r@C D@C))
Ap  Ch D  DWA Ap khok qDF .koCk lA kp Z
C - lA kp Do D ok Ap DN -lA kp D@o D@ ok
 koCk ((rN)) pGN ,koC Fok  .PvC lA kp o@V
qC lF  ,DWolN  ,koCk Co XolN  PvC @@@N ED@F
A  oCl DV b Ap ok D .koCkCo N (@)  ,p@@k
, ,D  ok D Hz  ok CoAp kp rN D @ l@zD@F l@A
ok ((rN)) ,PvC lz kpFoD F ((CrC))  ok  NCpGN
 kF ((rN)) DV  DV ok  ,l koA DD@W@A
 EDOC rN))  pGNC p .PvC l@ koA ((Cr@C))
 PvC lz oCpN ApDV lZ ok  ((eC r@r@@C C
rrC C  EDOC CrC)):lD@ A ok P@ b@@ ((Cr@C))
lA kp PDd D PvC lADWC ok C CpF ?CpZ ,((eC
.lDF Co A A Mo F
:PvC Dh pGN DWC ok Ap p@G@@N :H@@@ f@@@N D@d
:PvC C yCVpN ((eC rrC C  EDO@C @r@@N@d))
pd qC pd k)  ,c (lzDF @D@@@ @Z p@ ((@d))D@d)
pD HD C dD qC EDO C lA kp ,Ap lA kp,(D@G@@C
V C .d rr C ,Clh dD qC PvC EDO lA kp :D,d
Z .PvC EDO lA kp .Pw DN V  p@D@ H@w@d@F
CpF Dzkh Dh F pw @@F ?P@vC ED@O@ l@Akp@
 l o C lzDF kp MDA oV C qC @V@N@@@C
rN ,PvC  vC  F ,PvC ol C DF ((rN))
EDOC r)) :kz oV C qDN PA .r @@ D@W@@Cok
PvC  F P DC C l .((eC rrC C@
yppN .kz DC  F P @D@ @ P@vC @D@z
rZ  qDF ((eC rrC C  rC EDOC)) :k@z@@C
qC lz qD EDO PvC C :F ,pF pl@@N ok l@D@F Cop@@k
ol  rN koh bJ lZ H .d rr Cl@h@@dD@
 F ol C  l ,PvC koA kp D@@ P@vC
((EDOC r)) kz   vC qDN .P@vC@@@ @vC
,rC EDOC  ,PvC  F P DC l,kz
lDF Co rZ  qDF  pGN   ((rC EDO@C))qD@N
qC lz lA kp EDO ,C :F oW@C  @p@@@F p@l@@Nok
CpF VN  plN  C ?CpZ Dd .PvC d rr Clh@dD@
DF Clh O iv  Clh  D  P@vC @C Cp@F @C!?@Z
C . p DwC DF DwC  O iv qC Co pG@@@J
oWC pGJ F l qD Co Ap lCh O Clh koCl 
pGJ oDG H pF Ap , ,lz lA kp EDO PvCC :l@F
.lAkp pC
PvC () pC pGDJ H F oDGhC q rF (d)
F PvC oDGhC q r@ @F @C ( ((@d)) l@@@) @ C
: DA  yDF oClF  oCl PDd   S ,pC pGJH@@
CpN DOvk PJ  w S O ,kp GN .yDFVO
,koCl (CpC F) VN  PvC  kh F  Ddok Ow@@
C ,P Co DGC  ,kp Cl PJ A qC DOvk lFGNp 
C ((d)) l  C .pF pGh lDF  kz VOqD@N
F kCk oCl  pC pGJ F PvC C  oDG@hC P@D@d p@dk
C O  ,d Op CpF (C) kp rpO  pG@JH@@
oDwF lvo A F ykh DFDwd ok p kp A CphC pd
 PvC lz oCpN pd A Cov p C ok  PvC DWFpd
Dpw DF  lA pOF ov A ok pk pd p@ qC P@G@w@@F
PGw F DC ((x)) ov S  ,kDq h D@@oD@@C
PvC Cov  ,PvC ((u))  (()) ov  EDwdpC
EDwd  DF D@O@@ l@A p@O@@@F ((u))  (()) A ok@
qpC .l EDwd Co A Pw okD pF   k  DoolA
,lvpF EDwd C F PwCN w kF l ClJ DzD CDN 
Dd .PvC kDq yow  Do  k FDw@d ol@ @C@@@
 C. PvC pk H D  pd D@ @D@@@FCo@Z
.koCk kV C ok CFCo  D  pd D  PvCOC
Mo F  lvp    dp F Z pC H@@@C
((d)) C ((d)) l  C .PvC kV @@p@@
qDA koCk d  PvC d qDA C F l VO Cop@G@@@@J
(())  ((c)) ov  ov  lk VN  k@z@
.PvC
F qD  PvC d lAkp pDF kh (EDOC rN)
!koCl plN
.lChplN pk C .((eC rrC C  EDOC r@@N))
ok  DF rCEDOC qDF ,EDO F lz DC r ,PvC r rN
,lA kpkoCk d koCk  Dd ok koCl  D@@@C ,p@l@@N
C .PvC EDOlA kp :rN .l DF Co ykh koCk ykh
 PvC C p.ykh pGh ykh  PvC ykh ClOG yk@h
lWw)) OzDWA lF lon lWw  @V qC D@@z
:PvC plN okrZ  DWC ok F  koCl  @C .((o@
 PvC lWw D kh yC((C)) PvC o l@W@w@ @C
o lWwC))  lF lDF w Pw@ q p@@k .P@vD@W@A
A ((C))pd DF lDF  P lDF DV ok D ((C)) .((P@vC
lWw khoD ok Co ((o lWw))  D@W@A D@C .kCk D@@ Co
kV .PvC kV DV ykh lWw  kV lCOz
DWA DC ,PvCDJ  i  kV  PvC q DV ok 
S ,(Pw kV F qD) ,PvDWA ok  kV kh @
 lp ,OzCo ykh vC DW@A ok @ oCkC l@@oD@ A
izC)) :lwF lDF (C  P lDG) .((wd l@@dC))
.kV qC l ⁽⁴⁾(PDd C  kV) .((wd ldC
xCo d koCk pGJ  kz koC pGJ pF koCk d  DW@A
CoA  Ow CpN DOvk PJ w  PvDWA S@ l@@@
:lF(DOvk) Pw q DWA pk ,lq pd o @ koCk
pd koCk PvC lF .((lq pd N DF ,PvC v@F @C))
,PvC kq pdykh C .lCh ((C)) pk DWA .l@q@
rZ ,plN pkDWC  PvC C .l N koCk p@d k@h
rrC C  EDOCrN)) .P@vC yk@h D@@ ,l@C@h@@
 Pw  rN kV D ykh ,rN C .((@@e@C
. kV ()
 .l Co @W@ol@N l@A kp@ ((@r@@N)) @@@
D  F D D D  qC rZ  @@((@r@@N))
C  EDOC rN)) ⁽⁵⁾...DOk  lDF  DWolN lDF pODJ
.kro p koCk d HD rr C MCm D qC((eC rr@@C
plN b CpFDF .l p DwC DNk DDFq DF d DFq
pC pGJ  l wW Co d PDd O DwC.l@C@h@@
.(kz zo CpF H) lz l (Av F) @@@Z
qC F ok  lz l d v F ykhok qC D@a@A
.kp p kpv DOwq ok  lOC i o d MD@C
D ⁽⁶⁾((R   v DC))  ChAp A A ok
kp Ch DC N F viv Hp 
ykhD C ((eC rrC C  EDOC rN d)) CpFDF
 qC ,lAkp koCk d C kp DF  PvC d lA kp
r (koCk d),kro d koCk d rr C ,DF  D D@
DGD pw CoO C ,pGJ C N H pF lA DJ ,l@@@
PJ ,PvClA Ap ok  pd C  DV p  l@C@O@@
C ,lz d  Ap r  Ap pm ,P@G@vD@@ @F yp@v
DF pd C D Pw CFCo   lk D@ yk@h
,((x)),((pC)) ,((C)) ,((d))l@@ D@N .Ap@ k@h
ApoDFok rZ  Ch D (l@@@) @D@((@))
.F
4  3 MDA pwN
PvC pF ok H F DC kDWC CpGDJ Mk uDvC
DDvA ok DeN ,DD (( MD oC  MCwC C))
.PvC  CpF DoDzC  DO  DOA q
cC F qC kp@ kCk o@G@ Cp@F p@G@@@@J M@k uD@vC
((kCk oG))  OGC .MkDz Co qC  H F PvCMkD@z
 DGC DoD pNvDvC  DoD qC  .k@ D@G@O@zCED@G@vC
H F DC kDWC qC PvC MoDG PvC Dzpk DoD DFpq
ykh Cd uCd D DF pF  ⁽⁷⁾,(HDF nC)
D Co Do ,lF  MDCd  o D ,l@@@F@Co @D@
DCd  DDwC D  DOhC DF lF  DCd,F
DwC ,lF MDCd F Co Do F .Pw Dol@k ok
z F Co Do F PvC   lOw NDCd qDF,l@F@
D  lz MDCd Co DCl F ,F D@@ l@@@@G@F
 Mo C F D C lk Dd p F  ,xF  z
 DwC p  DwC  PvC rZ  @@F@@oCk D@ @C
C CpF CpGJ .((MkDz)) kz vC@C  l@@@@F@
DF  oDzA C qC p  ,lF H F  CoDDwC  lClA
F Dz  aD ok kV  Ow  ,Pw D@ ,p@D@ 
h u  uwe ok ,lx  l@@@@F@ @@Z
o  MkDz C ,PvC HG okD uDvC @F ,k@z@@
?MkDz kp kp Co qC DA ?(l )Co Z qC .H@@ qC P@vC
A MkDz D kh ,D ?lvpF HF DN l Do Co C l@@@F
D  qC D  ,H D CpF PvCP ,PvC D ,P@vC
 Ap pGN ok  PvC C ,pFJ H D F MkD@@z
C ok  PvC C pNDvo ((A)) .lA ((A)) 
OD rZ   l DVok Co A .P lz @q
DDFDh  DZpv D DCooDZp@v .l@zD@F p@@k D@V @F oD@zC
q ok lv  P  ,lCkpH   S F@
Co l ,PvC oDzC ykh lD Dz  Co C ,PvC FA
lzDF rp q ok lv (Ow)pC D ,P@vC qD@F p@ @C qC
 rZ  ((A)) lCo C ,PvC  oG P@@
 F oDzC ,PvC O kV ykVC ,PvC P yk@V
.lD D F koCkCo G  ,PvC rZ
PvC DN d EDO D
 O ld p  PvC C ok ld p  ld p  MD@@N
 DF Dv v aF   PvC C S l D@@ @D@ @C@F
 pC .(l D  C F) kCkoCp  C qC pGhFkA
 DCo MCop DF  ll Co p@@z yp@@ @F @ @ND@kkA
Z A qC lGF Co  A Z pv lDF ,Pw@@D@@zA @l@@Co
.(lv o)   FA q  ,lF FDN  ?l
Co D DCo MCop  qC pGhF NDk A.koCl  CpF
k ,lF rZ  Dz Z DF C Z ,lFDz  l@@F@
C Z lGF pOF C qC Dz Z  Pw Z,lF@@ r@@Z
D .koCk  Dz CpF DC ,koCl  FDN A C CpF ,lGF pO
Co D l D Co A  aF ,lw n@D@o @ @h
   kCvF kA CpF  lForF kA  l@@F@
A ,PvC pD FDN  DWA .pD  PvC D@F ,@@@ .koCl@
.PvC  PvC kCkoCpkp D  k
p  CpF D  PvC ld@ p@@ D@F l@d@ kA @ MD@@N
oDzC  p  oCk  ,Oz PvC FDO  ,koCk ld
S ,koCl  kA CpF ,ld p kA CpF DC ,PvD@@@ @F
kA p qC .l D Co A kCv@F kA @ @ P@vC@@h
CpF h C ,koCl kV pk rZ D@hqC p@@ kC@v@F
 o  C p Ap C ,Pw k@ l@D@@@
ld p  lCh  ,PvC  CpFkoCk @@N ((@A))
,l D Co FDO kCvDF kA   l DDaA Co D
D ,kz ((EDO)) F pGN Cn ,lF k @@@ ,A qC
.lkpF oD F l qC  kF pGN C  PvCDN d ED@O@
:lpOwGz ke

PvWN ok DV A kr F

PvC DN d EDO D 

A ok .l PDd H @C qC Ap@ k@h MCp@@G@@N D@vD@vC
:lDp  C pC F Ewpz

pN D   Ck

pGN D   Ck 

p pV C rNC

pGC DC C  

:PvC v pz C o

nC GC EDOC PC 

⁽⁸⁾pC p pdDF

oDzA DJ D ,A pd DF @ @O@w@ oD@@zA ED@O@ A @N
ok  ND  pd  Ow FDO  N DwC C ,kz
l Co kh MDA  ,Ap .lk@ D@@ Co D@qCoP@w@ A
DwC Ph  oDOv  D  lzoh  Dok   @F@  ((@A))
Co A  PvC kp EDiOC Co C Ap CpZ .((A))l@@
qC W  l pGN Ap qC DV oDFok o D@@
DDOvk qC DOvk ,l ((@A))Co Ap@ D@@@@V
EDO  C lF lCh ?l((@A)) @ Co @@p@A
DC  pd ,C  o  ,PvClhEDO  A ,P@vCl@h
xJ ,D CoCk lOw DC  pd DA ,D CoCk P@vC
HO ok  Pw pz  .lpGF J DAD F  l z@
:l lClh FEDh ,l pm w

C PC  oDG C

xD E   D

w C ,N    Ow   MoDG @r@@ @F D@ @@
.Ow DG xD
() oDC C F  () () w@@ Mp@@d @F Cp@Z
?PvC lz C (MD)
DO lClh kh PvC pN D@ qC @ A ,@D@@ @@@
 F) (()) kz O p F w @F Cp@Z.P@vC
(()) C F CpZ ,PvC DwC   w ?(f@@w@@C@@vC
D  CpZ .PvC  qC pJ ,koCk  C oDGOC F ?kzO@
Dzkh D ,((MDDOC MD@C)) @@@@ @C @FP@G@w@
?Ow DN  D D D ((MDDOC MDC e))lkp
PvC NDA q  DDvA :lDp DWC .(lOw  qC pJ@Z)
lA CrC pwN S pvDN F ok CO@ .D@@C @CCp@F
ok))  lA oV C DV F Ap ok  l@@@@,P@vC
DDvA Ph)) lA DV F  ((PvC A q  DvAPh
Ap ,F l ?koCk MDN D@@@C D@A ,((P@vC @A @@q
 ,PvC A q ,PvC A DvA C C  l@@D@
DA  ,l N A  r F Co DOvk @@W@@C
D GV C lF lCh ,PvC MDA DvA @C okl@@@
.kpF J kz Oi DGV qC ,koCk DD,koCk