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kA DF z pDh F  @D@w@ @O@vk qC ((Ep@z C @C C))
oWC  DK pDh F  DA S ,rpKF l@z@P@vk
DDJ DC ((DNC DhC HC )) lz Pvk DwCDF Dr@Z
  ))  Cl@@J Co D@@A  p@F D@@D@G@k Co CoD@r@@p@J
 DOr qC ,q oDN Dz qC pF  ((oCMD@@@
ClJ pF DOd Co DC  yDF ond pF Ovk A qC . ClJ CoDA DCr@C
pF DOd lDp ,yDF MDNF lDp DC@F P@G@w@ .@
ok Co Mp lZ p ((G  p PC C))  WOw@V
DNC WOwV ok Mp C   , DDC W@O@w@V
V  i  V  r C D))  WOw@Vp@F k@z p@
o ok CpGJ qC lF lClh ((GC lF@ @@C oC
C C D )) PvC kp h CoDrpJqC (pNpF ) pOD @@q
b lClh ((OGe OC  F CC D SF lGC @@
C yqoC O b ,lk ClF F PC qClC F Co O
C Mpd lF .lzDF pzD  Pvk DDJ  DNCDF DwC  koCl@ Co
((OC C l G F n@@ @hC)) :k@p@ Co @A
.lD DF lFC DN  PvDOvk C  lDpF PvCh
ok kDq DN  DoOvk C T@kD@dC  @G@ T@kD@dC ok
:lDp GC X ok wC  CpC .oCk qC
 ⁽¹⁵⁾((ChC EDwO@C @ r@W@ @ uD@@C r@W@C))
Pvk ykh CpF PvC OwCO  PvC w A kppNCND@
A pNCND C qC (( F p     rWC ))l Cl@J
O .PvC kCk Pvk qC ,lF  koA Pvk F Pvk P@vC @kA
.l Pvk qC   z koA PvkF Ovk
@C D@O@vk D@F @@@C @F @VCo @oCk kD@q D@o@O@vk
 .l oDOo Z lOw Ovk OwDz  DOvk,DNk@h
p qC pC C G qC ,lDF DF DOvk C  P@vC@C Cp@F
,qD P ok .l oDSC ,l  DA F lO@zCkUD@@O@dC @D@
DOvk qC w O D .lzDF DA HCp oDF,oDOp ,PVD@d
.kpF DA PwN   F w lOw ED DA l M DA
vC  PvC C CpF  oCk q C ok kDq DoOvk
lpF .lDF DF DOd Pw C DG pF  DOvklCh
.Pw Fh oD vC p qC DFh qC lpF kp qC
k)):lDp wC  kD MpV ,pk Tl@d @ ok
pz k)) PvC DN   Ovk qo   (( @
dov k )) PvC h   @O@vk D@ @ ((@FCp@
,koCkuDN pl DF  PvC do O@vk D@v @  ((@vD@
EDFok .PvC do  d ok A  ,PvC kr lD@@@h
do w ((C  D )) :Clz D olZ do 
.Co ykh kpGF Clh l  Co
 DOvk :() @@Cp@@C qC l@q@A uok @
PvC kDWC d DNpzD
ok  Ckp  r DOvCo DOvCk ok  P@vC @G@@W@ T@l@d
CpC qo  PvC C A  ⁽¹⁶⁾PvC lz  kDqHO
DC .llz UoDh  pz qC DOh Dq ok wC 
 h C C F lo DV F O  kG@C D@@FCk
 kDv  lOo kDv ,lpF MovC DF lOw@@@Cp@@C
V  DV qC  lkp Ppd Dzpv PJ kCpC .llA@
pNkDv ld ok  DvDG) lOzCk Dh uDG  lz OhDz
kA  z F ,PzCk Dh   DGp  (kF D@@vD@G@
DWC) .lkp kohpF FDO p  DF OpF ok.lOo@ kD@
DF  (kp ClJ kz Fom pq   PwDk  l@@G@F
Co pl Co HdD k Cp .llz Cp@@ H@dD@@ p@@l@@
DV ?o DW N , o  lkpMpd .l@vp@J@
kr  lkF pO pl DF Co Co qC oCl  P Co pk
A .zDF pl DF xJ ,Eh lO .lzCl@V @Co C @@
lOwCk   Mpd .PvC Dw o PwCk iz
Co k pv F DN llA DPGe plD@F .P@vC ED@O@ @C C
Mpd .Pp Co p Co Cp C .llvop Co   CpD@z
 Dz :P iz A .llA C DGk lkp Do Co Cp@D@z @
CpZ xJ :lvpJ .o  F Fkp .o  F  O
PDv lZ pl DF D @CCp@F k@p@ ?@A@ p@ @C qC
d  kp F N  l kDWCd PGdD  kp PGdD@
Ch  Ow d m pF N C k F ⁽¹⁷⁾.kp ClJ
:P  kp p DVD lCOz . ol@F l@ l@@Z Co @N
C F ,kCk oOvk Cwd hC C k F Dz p@G@@@@J))
Mpd C  lkpDdClh lF  ((Pp Co Dk k P@p@v
ok GW zF pDh C  PhD Co wC @@@ p@@C
o DWOwV ok Cp  lA  F O  DN kF m
.PvC hkh ,Co F o l  ,lk Co h lA qo .k@F
Dh EDeCqC   lz Dw  P Co NkDz  kF D@W@A
DV  qC C kp  D Co Tld C .lkp CpC
 HdDC d  FDeCwd EDF)) :PvC kp EDiOC Co C
.((pwC
 kDWC d DNpzD  DODo  DO@vk k@z@ @@@ x@J
  Ovk qo  :kp wC  DC  PvC C.P@vC
 kz lDh C ,Ovk D  F lvo pC DC ,PvCDN
 PvC vD do ld ok pk C lvo Ovk Dv @F p@C
F do  qC  okCpF DN k S  ,koCk uDN pl DF do
.l ClJ Co do  d C   koCk Co d C ,lClADk
 ((OC C l G @F n@@ @h C)) @A@C
SOw ok Co DA  Dk DOh  DNhC @F P@vC oD@zC@@@C
uDvC pF  DOvk F PvC N SOw ok ,l@@@
.PvCN DJ
(Clh HDV qC DOvk DJ ) 68 A pwN
qC PD ok ((reN OC   C @@ @h  kD@G@ D@))
. DlF C ((kDG D :kz EDh O F l@Cl@hp@
PvC lClh PkG  Clh  lzDF Pvk pl DFDNC O
d MCm dD qC DA F .lzDF @D@@ A l@G@ @ @D@@@
 ykh C . DlF C ((kDG D)) C F lvoEDh
Co ok DOvk C F Clh qC @D@O@vk D@@J @  @O@vkD@@J
PvClh Co ok Ovk  Ph PGe  DWC l@F@.P@vCl@h
A p qC ,lvo Clh p qC  PvC CDOvkD@J P@G@e@
h )) : kz kDOvp DJ DA F ,lvo@O@vk @
lz lCh w h Dz pF  pk ((reN OC  C 
.kF lCh Drp  
 DCpko ok h .loCk p pl DF ((rd))  ((h))
Oh lA ok DOdC lF ko@ ok .P@vD@l@kp@N  @z
okD lzDF pDd Dd ok C qC C  lF ko@ ok  k@z@
k DwC CpFDF .kz rd oDZk Dw@C l@zD@F @@@ l@@A
 DOdC MCph ko ok P@D@d @@ ,koCk @@O@i@P@D@d
D )  DOdCoD ko ok  @@ ,P@vC ((@h))@D@
))  kz O DA F (.PvC ((rd)) D  lA
w Dz pF Cp  pk lF F qpC qC ((C @@@@@h
,Pw lCh Dz pDh pF lC   qC oDG rp   lzlCh
.lDp lF A k ok  ,PvC Ck oGd  Ck opvF
pk MDi ?lOw Dw Z DlF @C  @@@O@ @C
:lDF
ul zDq lJ  k : ok  70  69 MDA pwN
(u) pG Wlh DF () pC pGDJ lJ - 1
 loCk DC oDkopJ MDA F  DA ((D@ND@D@F C@@C @n@C))
 CO Co H C op ((w CD )) .lN CpOC
 Ckp TeF kDq  C ok  C l EDO phAi@F ok
TkDdC  lz N A o p Ap kh ok  Ap oDqC 
DC .wN  vC co  PvC C oCk @@@q @C okkD@q
k Od .lzDF wN N DwC  Pw N @w@Nk@@@
Pw D  Pw q  wN  ,Pw  @w@N
O .kpnKF p DF DwC Co rZ  C  @w@N @Z
⁽¹⁸⁾...kpnJ DwC  lz DC DwC CpF H k
lJ   koCl  W@l@h D@F () p@C p@G@D@@J l@@@J
pC pGJ qC Dv 15 Wlh .lzDF Cz  Cd ,PwJDFmDC
lkpF Co C D P p (Wlh MD qC lF) .k@F p@O@or@F()
oDV zC D  kp kD C qC P DF () pCpG@@@J
F kF CV Z ,xpF D .lz PdCoD D@@ l@z@
olC pk  pJ q  P  k  .lqD ykhCV
 Z kp ?k PC C F ol C  koClP@@C
.kF pk rZ  CpFWlh ?N
l  wC  @@@@Cp@@C Mp@@d D@q H@z ok
ok  q lDz  @ kF   aA G wCDpD@
Dq lkpF DNC hCk Co kDCk  up O PvC  MDkF
DWC koCl d w kp () pGJ .llz V D@NC okP@@J
llA () pC pGJ Nl qC lF .lpF  ,lz ok ,kzV
Op kr A qC x P@@F D@@vC l@l@k ,l@on@@F D@W@AqC
?COp CpZ N ,lzDG DWC w  O  p lkp@,P@vC
Mpd Z) kp O kp P ok Wlh C voD P@@
DvC P  F  (kF Wlh Mpd pOhk @p@O@@Z@Cp@q
wCD Cpq) .Ow D p@O@hk Cp@@  p@@@@
vp Hz pOhk C   p (.kF Wlh pOhkpOZ@
Div ,koCk UDOdC okD F pOhk vp H@z ok koCk @@J ok
  P N F .Ow   l cp okDDF   koCk
Wlh vC O  l q C .yDF Cpq vpHz HCp@
N xJ kp .lz oDV () pC pGJ oDG DzClk kpF Co
 l Cl Co w Cpq pC C CpF Ow DWC P .DF
.lzDF OzCk OVDd PvC ,pF V
eoCl C DN yCzDq lJ Dd  ok  PvC pGJ C
.PvC ((C ))  (()) Z PvC
EDFo DzoCorF pw  () wd DC - 2
D ((EDFo)) ⁽¹⁹⁾ DDpw qC  wC  wd D@C
PGw Mpd .PvC v Mpd okD C .kF Fp ok C  koCk
DC qC DFo () Od  lkp oCkD oDC oDwF q CF
:lz

CoCk Hd  C p

EDFpC  wC DF N

D V nFC  DGdC

⁽²⁰⁾ EDO l HND x 

pw EDFo A ok  Co CDh A   w Pvk DV F 
 oCk Pvk Co p k C  .oCk Pvk lzDF pOhk @@v
 dCr  D w   DC Uph Co NpR  D lCh@k
Dq  C !PvC Z DFCo d DC C lG@F.k@@
ChkC)) :kz O (DCpw ) DA ko ok@ l@@O@w@
.((pGeN VCqC OC WC
Cn ,Po@@ @@v p@q ok qCok D@@D@v D@N (ED@Fo) q @C
EDOA pq ok CpZ lO .Pwp DCk  koh@G@@
EDOA pq ok  wd lF C qC lF P@@?@@@@@
(kDOvCp)...kF
wC  ClGDFC  q C D  k@F l@l@z @@ @C
A  Cl  kF CeD@ q @ q @C  P@zCkk@V
.((pGeN VCqC  OC WC ChkC)):kF
lk D pz C  o D  Dzrr lqp @F P@G@w@
F  C .PvC kF GDV k DFp C  lkF DFp@oD@@w@F
 PzCk Pvk Co yoCorF olJ  kF l ClGDFCF ol
ClGDFC CpF .PvC lz x Mlz F joDN ok C DoDC
kp uDwdC  O  kF orF oDwF DeOC  C p@qC
Co C  A olC  PvC rr C CpF olC  @ qCl@D@F @
 C  llA ClGDFC DCk qC  ok .kF ClV koCkPvk
:lCkCk PGw Mpd F oDzC ,kpp

D v D lF v

Dk De CmC DGC 

pwd lF G peN 

DSV  cpC  CkD

nDF C PD PO CmD

⁽²¹⁾ CwC ph D NDN

 Dp DlF N , @p@ @@ !@p@O@hk k@p@
p N Ow lq  DN .oCk p CpF kDq DO@p@,oCk
peN )) :kp lF . Oo qC lF CpF oCnF Co MCp,@
F NA N zC DCk C  Ck p ((pwd lFG@
DzC C DF Cp Pw  lF ok co  CkD .l@q@ Mol@Jk
Z p ,PvN DF oDOhC PA l@z @O@@ @ @O@ ,r@@NA
 C C DF C    d   . p l@C@h@P@k
.pDC A  le C 