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Ap MDOe vopF
pC OGC .qCkpKF Ap MDOe vopF F Ch iF C ok
 kDO S ,F Ap MD N N pO l@zD@FD@@F
pm F lF   cp Co MD ClOFC  PvC C .lz lChnD
.qCkpJ MDrV qChpF
F o D C ok  kp TeF HD qC oDwF oD@Fok Ap@
V qC .pO pk F o  PvC kp @@N kD@q H@D@@qC
.PvC DV  DV Clh Op oCp TeF ko Ap ok Dw
Dw DvDz C DA .lvDz Z Co Clh ApGF l@D@F
WC  MCoN p Gn DFDO pDv Gv F DA ?DoDD P@vC
 z  qC DvDvC D  ?koCk Co l HND@ @@z @@AD@ P@vC
.PvC oCkohpF Clh DvDz ok Owz
vopFlDF .PvC DV w ,Ap ok lz cp Dw qC pk 
TG CoDV  Ph DA ?PvC Z DV oDFok Ap lk  
 uDvCpFCo D DpV DA ?lCk d pF Co A D lCk aqD@F 
A koDzCr  lDF Co A D lCk xC  v wv
.Pw rZ b pz rZ b   o
lDF .PvC DwC w Ap ok lz cp @ D@w@ @@@V qC
yh DF DwC oDFok Ap DA .kp eN DwC ko ok Co App@
DA ?koCk C F PGw CDFlF   lk D l iv@@@F
?PvC D Mr  PCp C CpF D koDz pdCo DwC
DV CpF Ap DA .PvC DwC @D@V @@w@ p@@k @@w@
F C Co kp Dp A D PvC D PDC  P@@@i@z@D@w@C
koCk DeC  pN  M  MDd Ap lk qC DV DA ?koAEDwd
q  ok ?PvC kD kCpC oDFok DN MD C @A D@
?PwZ joDN oDFok Ap C  kz@ cp@@ j@oD@N@@w@
Z DN joDN ok kp pRDN  lCl Ap p qC joDN peDp@@
?PvC qlC
Pvp DWC ok  PvC cp Ap ok pk kDq oD@w@F D@w@
Ap p Dw C V qC .@@ oD@zC A D@Nl@@Z @FoC
Co pGDJ Ap C  Ap ok pGJ w lF  .PvC ykhoDFok
pk w ... l iv Z C DF l p@@@@@Z
qC Cl p .Cn x ... PvC  MD  Ap ok pN
DS C F loCk DhDz  DGz OGC @ D@@S@e@F@C
lDF r hC h ok DG  TeF Dw@C oD@Fok@O@
FCo qC lDF prD  PGe DV qC O D  Fiv
... DOVC MDG w ,p qC   p F pC w kCpC
.oDF D Fiv
l p Z Co kh Ap
  pz DWC qC Co oD PvC pOF Ap CO@e@ @@@e@N ok
Z Co kh  koCk p Z ykh oDFok ykh ApF@
 PvC C l kh oDFok Ap  CO C ?lp
pGDJ  l fpN Ap .PvClh iv ,MCoDG MD@@ @C
mC F pGV D ulC co vN aA F Pw Apl DC
.l DF ,PvC lz DCC pF Clh
PvC ODvo p ,lk kh oDFok Ap@ @ p@@k f@@@N
DoDN qC Uph CpF DA DCo  pF DFC PCl qC MoD@G@@
.PvC o vF

...oCC MDC  uDC UpiO  DrC EDO
⁽¹⁾

DODV ,MD C kD qC  z lF (1 A CpFC ov)
.kpF  Dzo F MD C qC Co pF Ap  P@vD@@CkD@
lOwCN  v ,lz h DCkD ok DN DO pCDC
F koCk kV pk DO  ,lDvp@F D@W@C @F Co @@@C
UoDh  l qC A DF qoDG  CkD P qC pODphH@NCp@
OvpJ   Ch kh  OvpJ P DO C VqC .PvC
r  lA EDwd F hC  kp@ @D@@O@@@ @ P@vC...
  sC Fp ok ... GN  Ov p DOVCD@O@@@
D  lz nhC P kD qC ,PvC Ov DA voD kD@@
pF DO C DF qoDG .PvC   DOVCoDN  l@@k
F v F EDh Ap .PvC DvA DFDOpD@v  Ap@ l@@
:lCp

⁽²⁾...oC C MDC   UphC C ... ...

(5 A CpFC ov)
kCqAo ,o  PvC Dp  p Ov oDN D ,oDN C
.PCl 
Ap  PvC C lCkp VN A F p@@w@@N @C @ C@O@@
 (())  ((C)) DF Cp  koA V Co MDCo@@
Co o A Dd kz DoDN  Dz  l Cp@O@vCkD@C
Pw pOF  PvCo Co  PvC C A D  l pmkp
⁽³⁾.PvC klO .Cp  CpeC pw ADd
kp oDJ :l i@@ Co k@h l@ Ap@ H@@Np@N @C @F
 ok  DOVC  hC DGN  Ov  Cp  VDpWq
 Dzo ph  PCl Pv F PCl  DO kpkFD @
.o
Ap DFq DF DzA
.PvC A MN  Ap DFq D@F @D@@zA @@w@ ,p@@k @@w@
l F Ap lCh DN ,Ap MN qC o loClJ@p@
DCk DC .kkp ok A D qC rZ A lF PvCkpF EC@R
 DA  k Cv DC qC oDG pC DC lok Co Ap@
lCh .lD rVD  jvDJ qC ,lCk lC@h@Co @a@A
 q ,Ap D ok CpF PwCl@ @ P@@V@C qC Ap@
.ECR Hw l FDp   PwFh
PzCk VN A F lDF  koCk Dt r@@ Ap@ @D@@ ok
kz Dd lCh CpF  aA ,DFDO qC oDwF pkD@ok
DWC ok .PzCl kV C m ok G  PvC qDN lC wv@
ok .kz  PD F  PvC lCh pN   D@@@N
ko OD N  OhA l F Co A lDF z l@F Ap@ko@
:l fpN q C ok kh Ap .kCk oCpD

⁽⁴⁾EDGCCCpnO  NDA CpFl oDG C DrC EDO

(29 A  ov)
PV C ok .PvC kp @@@@N  kCk kD@ Ap@ @@@ @
DF lOvC   DFq DF Ap  kF lCh DwC  ApHDi
 koCk r pk DFq Ap ,DFq C rWF DC .l@@@i@v C
.koCk D uDwdC ,k DFq C  PvC k F Pw A HDi
k C DF lDF kpF xC ClF  kkp DzA Ap DF lCh@A
oCp kDOvC ko  oD ok Co k p  lzDF OzCk DzA kp DFq
 Cpwh HGv  DGOzC  Dh qpF D  qC k C @@@N.l@k
.kF lChDq
   oDwF vDwdC qC PwNoDG D k D  Co a@A
Ow uDwdC Co A vC D  koCk k@V D@w@C ok ok@
. Ow DF DwC DGNoC qC vDwdC loCn
Co C ,lk oCp HDi Co DwC A DF  lCl@F Co k D@Fq @ @w@
pk P A koA ok Ppd F ykV   O@w@ D@@CqC
PeN ykV pvCpv F Pw pRDN PeN DwC r  p@@D@@@N
COF lDz uDwdC DFq qC C C F .kp oCp@p@@RD@N
CpOzC PV  ok Dv Oi CC .koA DSCo @@v@
DwC co v .PvC kA MDvDwdC DF OzCk oD pvA  loCk
.kpF p uDwdC qC Dh Dk ok Co C  koA D@W@@@F Co
MDN v  F OwF lz kDWC MDvDwdC  MDDW OG@C
pv oev  ok xd DF v   PvC .l
ok lClk .l O DwC DF DFq  D@F  l@zD@F @O@zCkoD@
C pRDN D  lqC D kpv  yoD VD@@Cl@@
qC zk upN qC  Co qDFpv  PvC  olA DA D@kp@v
F DDFF ,h Md p l oCkC lApF p@@v
DF PvC  v qC pk  .krhpF kpG F CDF  ko @@J
Do Co kh  Owv F Co DwC  lzDF OzCk oDpv CoMz xd
v pRDN  lz lk .lD Mk lz DlJ wN k
C DN lCN pk rZ b lDz  PvC kDq oDwF P@V@C ok
ko ok .kz C pR hC  P DoCk kpF F qC okqClC
iv MDvDwdC C DFq DF  DA r@ MD@vD@w@dC  r@Cp@p@D@v
,pk v p F Z  v v F Z Dd ,kz@@O@@
rCp pODO qC  .koA ok MoD  pO PeN Co DACN@
oDpv  .PvC VClh Mp  Gn xd ,DwC p MDvDwdC
⁽⁵⁾.PvC pNpF  pz xd C DF Ap
DF .lCiF DGq   A DF Co C  l @@@N k@h Ap@
l iv DwC C Mp DF Ap  PvC DvA C
DFq k kh CpF ,kh N ok Ap ⁽⁶⁾.l pi@w@NCp@A 
p lOvC    pN EDO Co kh D@ .k@z@D@
DN Ap pk MoDG F  .  uDwdC EDO D@ l@@@
Dh v pF Ap .Pw  co Cn Pw lC  Cn
pk v p qC ypRC  Cv .koCk kDq lD@Nyk@h
kh Ap .PvC pOF DwC DO   MDvDwdC OiCp@Fok
Ap MN F Co Hz qC oCl DN l@k@ o@O@vk @@@@@F
,lCVO Clh F  Dd D ok kh DqD ok  lzDF@
:l pGDJ F EDh ok .lCiFAp

(2@1A r ov) ...C   C C  rC DC D

qD  qCo F  rhDKF .ECh F Co lC  MkDG CpF rhDKF Co DG@z
Co Ap CkDOwC MkDG F  Dd ok  .qCkpKF @@h Cl@hD@F
l  MD  lN olA  Ap PCp  NpN .NpN
 DN DF Co Ap l .kpF F qC DFCo   qC ClV olA 
lF MDA ok qDF  .CiF oCk VN MDA COe F @ @D@dok
kDV  MoDWN p Cqo DoD CpF  DA l ovD
MkDG Mh Dd p ok ,loCk UDOdC pOF ECh @F Cl@hCo ok
 D D  rZ D DDw D ok .l@@@@ y@Cp@Co
D ,kF DF D  h kp ClJ  @do Mol@H@w@
d kp qC Nl lC ok Ap DvA Cl .kF Ap@v@
DF lOwCN  koA kVF l PFDR D ,DOwFpp@r@V @G@z
DDw .loA ok DJ qC Co DA  lOCok Dq DNolp@O@or@F
Cn  a  N  uok EDO  C F  Co Ap
h DF DGz .lOwp DC kDkqC  p@ H@w@@D@  co
Z Dqo  lkp qD  qCo kh Clh DF  ⁽⁷⁾llChAp
qC oDOC Z kh Ap .lkpF d @@zk @F Cp@p@@z
:lDp pGDJ F EDh CA ok .PzCk DkoADC

CpG CkDV F lDV pDC N 
⁽⁸⁾

ok . DDkD@J @@@w@N  l@ y@ oD@@ p@d @F
 yDF   rhpF DA DF kDV F Ap cv DF  PwDFDFD
 C Ovok pDF kh ,pGDJ lq DOvCk .kF Chf@ND@
koCk Pvk ok Co Ap DN  Dd ok DGOJ bF  DNC .P@vC
N qDFpv CpF .kz rZ  C CpF Ap  DCl D@@
Co zk phDF  lF oClN p ,koA Cpcv ,l@
C v F Co zk kCpC .lCkp @D@h  @zD@hyp@FCp@F ok
C F  kqDv oCkC Clh vo pFCpF ok wN FCo DA  lD@
DFq Ap O ⁽⁹⁾.liF eN Co COvCo l H@@Np@N
MDA DF lCh  PvC k A yo,lD k DFq Co k@h
qC p DFq C .koDF DW F  l N llF  Co A kh
 l nN Co DwC Cz MDvDwdC DDdC PvC v DFq
DNoC ok  PvC qo Dkpv  D DzoDDFq qC p r@
PvC DFq D C .l PN Co oev xd lqC@@
Cd :lCO Dd ok  kqDv lDW lFECpC qC 
oDC ,Co DDDF ,Co DDOhDz DA DvC pD@@F
DDpz pF Co D  C DOD@ok  D@zk@h@zo
oDF oDC  DlC C Co ok Co DDp@z  l@k@F@O@zCn@
A DF .kG oD ok iz D  kp Dw DACpF .lO@hCl@C
D)) ,qoDF Cl DC ,kqpv DC qC r Dh lkG @@@
 DF MDe  ok .llA EDwd F ((oDCD@  @@@C
DDqo  Pzn MkDG F DDGz ,lkFDGNoC ok Ow
⁽¹⁰⁾.kDV F
FDO ,PvC co  k EDO  ykh PD@h @C o p@F Ap@
Dk  kqDv oDV Co DzC  koA DW F Co DD@V @P@vC
r EDO C CpF Od Co A  koCk lD@N @@@h ,l@Cqp@@Co
:lCkkD

DACD  N CmC   F  G  EDOC DNC nC
(53 A  ov) ...DFo  eC C F

F lCh DC pF Ap Z  l@ @@@N Co @p@
ok aA F koA DC l  lA ok h  hPDd
pF Ck  l Co C ,PvC d A @@ @ P@vC ED@O@@C
.kz krCDh
CoD  Dew ,EDO C qC  l l@@D@N p@@k @A ok
qC p lF  ⁽¹¹⁾ p  k DN lpOkr DD@@w@@F
:l N o C loA DC Ap lzDF  Co CoD

CpD lC  N C pN vpC C rC D C@v CmC 
(82A lD ov) lDC  DGOD DA DFo  eC 

Dlk qC zC lF lz kDOvp vo F  Co @ND@A @Z 
qC Co D ,koA DC CoDkopJ l@@ ,k@z@ oD@VD@@A
.p p ok MpGDJ kD DCV
Z Co DA ,l iv  qC DvD@vC @ p@@k D@V ok 
:lp

nCkV  pNC DS DFDO DFDO Tle@C @w@dC r@ C
(22 Apq ov) C pm C F  kV N R Fo i

FD Pvl ypvCpv  iv .koA kp Co Div pOF Clh
ClhDkp .Pw  qolC ,Pw MoDF DN Dd @@ ok .P@vC
lAokqp F DlF lz Co Clh MD O upNClh PvpJ
 pnNPDd F lG DODd DA .kz oD D@@A p@F @h 
.kz CoA  PGe
 lk D Ap ⁽¹²⁾ pk MDA oD@w@F ok  MD@A @C ok
lOvC qC  Dq D ok F Pw eN   FDODp@
iv r pF co D  m  uDwdC DF ,l kDOvC
.lk oCp pRDN PeN Co C DV l
Ap DGDi
DGOvC Ap qC lDF eN PhDz ok  ND qC p@@k @@
p NCpGN Ap ok .PvC Ap DGDi iN  @@N,kp@
d  on  ⁽¹⁴⁾  pF  l ⁽¹³⁾ ,Ol
CpF PCl  kp Cv CN@ D@W@@C .P@vCl@A kD@q ⁽¹⁵⁾
ok pk v qC .loDrpJ kh DA CpqkoCl r CoD@r@@p@J
.l p ZCo kh  F Ap

(87A  ov) d lF DG O  D pm C C

lF Co ypGh  DDV  oClF D@ p@@ P@w@@ Ap@ @C
⁽¹⁶⁾.lzlCh
qDF ? CpF Dp D PvC DDV  CpF EDO @C D@A x@J
:l pGDJ F EDh DeGv oDkopJ pk Aok

(107 A DGC ov) D doC DvoC D 

.DD  CpF Ow Odo A p@ @kD@O@vp@@ Co @N D@
,kF cp Ap ok joDN TeG  DWA H C f@@@N
EDh  NDA ok P lDF DV DF DWC ok D@C .l@z l@C@hCoC
DOhC Ap lF lCh C ok ,PvC D kp F Ap@
ClJ MDW lDF Ap Pv F x p .koCl Dh O@vk @ @F
O   CpF kF PCl EDO qC  NDA ok DC ,l@
o Dw Z PD ok  l zo Co O C lCh,kpF D
.lr lCh ok A qC Dp Z  koA lCh Apv F
ClNkCoC  Cl C F  G  D@h @qC Ap@
Ap .koCk oCp  A D C N ok Ap l .lkD kh
.koCn Dh G  D o PC HND pDvh p@F
S .PvC lA G  D DN CpF Dp Sl@@@
D PvC CpoD G qC PDd l DN D@@@N l@@@@
 l lDN ykh ko ok Ap .CqoDG qC DGO@J
:l CpGDJ oDFok .PCl oCppFCpF PvC FDO

Alld ov) wDF uDC  CrC  EDOC  D@@r@C 
(25

  lCh DwC DV  Cp@F Co P@Cl@  @w@ Ap@
,kh Pv F DDwC HV CpF Ap .G   A D G CCpF
DA MDGN o pF ,wqD@ @S@ D@@G@O@@ @@@F @hp@F
S DGO qC pk hpF h pF a .koCn@@P@@@C
 l N DDwC OvpJ   G P opF ,wwoD
 oD Ap ⁽¹⁷⁾ koA ok Ppd F DDCo qC Co DA
ClV PDC  C CpF ,PvC D PDC DwC ClV CpF
PCl  V d Mp D uDvC pF  PvCD r@@ p@@ 
DJ oqC  . koCk C Ppd  pv F Co DDwC PvC G@
.kz Ow  pe D qoD D poDG F p@@e@@
.lDF d Co F  l EDh k p,  @D@ @F Ap@
qC  l FC Co Clh DJ p F  CpvC F F  ,v
,l Ppd C Co ok  loDF DCoDkopJ F  lCh D@A
omFC F   p Cpv F  Co khMk  PDvo le Mpd
 kp OiCpF qC klO Ap .l @p@ oD@@ 
OGC .l pm (FN) DGN  Cppw qC PqDF  ykh
N  Do ok  DA PqDF  koCkVN O C F k@h Ap@
DllOv  Dpe PqDFqC pNoCzk HNCp F lpF p@w@F
.PvC
p DC ,l Ppd PCl Co ok G DOC @F k p@
 DC oDJ  l pp k@h @@i@z @D@@ qC l@D@FC
.loCnF khDOvCh