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PvC Dh  pG D F p

lzDFOh J  lDz
 PvC D  DCk CpF iv P @ @ r@r@@C Cl@F @@
:DV CkDCpF

iv DwC x ok PvC D

Cvo oDOF Co kh N

y lCliC DhCpN

yJkpJCo C D  PvC oD

pG kh PG D pC

olkh kpJ DV p 

q P yh Z CkD DlF

r kD  iv ClF
C pC  Pw z@D@h qC @F Co CkD@ :l@@ l@@v j@@z
.kG CkD OwClFPe

F A   D oCl Z

oCk Dk ok DFq 

kp Pe DFq Co kA

oDGGvCo rF qV
PvC Cph D ClG C do :A   C  vo D))
⁽²²⁸⁾((.w v 
D kpGF P  lF Eh  Co lF l@@ P@@do Cl@h @@@
.lDF Dv  lF qC kzPDv

kA lqp oDaF

Ce  C   VC O kC FC w :80 
⁽²²⁹⁾.pC ON  pC ON  GC N

lzlzJ  C VC PvC lz OzCk DJ kA lqp oDaF : VpN
C kokolF C  PvC lz OzCk D  e  C   CpC
ll O  Oo F EA  Co C l  J l@r@ Co
oDaF Pm qC GNp DF  kA xJ .kp p Co C kqDw@
.oD Z pGN  piF Co C PvC
V phC   C piC  FD :(wC @) D@)) : cp@z
⁽²³⁰⁾((.Od l   w qp
C  oDZ pGN  pi DF Co kA lqp :kp Mp@@d A @@@
lCO  Co kh lk qo lCO PvC oCkp yphA  PvC@@@
.Co kh p lppF
Hh qC  ok kp DwC oDa@@F  P@@@@w@ qC @ 
DlC HD  DOFpV l D v C@doD@)):@oD@G@
peN pC  lN pSC  GN C  ldC rVO@Cp@
p  pW@d @@W@ oD@ @ @@@FD@ @@F D@ CmC@@@
⁽²³¹⁾((.Dz
Co kh Dz lkp FpWN DD kh DV pF kpC l do @@@
qC Dz qC  l rV Z llk xJ D@@k D@@O@G@@@ok
 kqClD iF Co C lr  A  lvp C lGF  oDh@
D p kF lCh Z xJ lqCw Co C EDOA F lz pq
DF Co C  Dz p  v FCi NA qC F DN k FD lzDF
Dk )) :kp DOd DZ l NA r OpGDv
.l pWq   ok Dz DF Co C ⁽²³²⁾((oDWeC uDC
riDF C vD :kDWwC e@@C D@k @ @@S@ ))
xC n Pdo C DF  HWeC @NoC D@@F  @@vC@
 wzpd OwN  OC @C @p@C n@ @r@W@C
M OwN  lo M OwN  OC oDpd OwN
((.pw ph  pd pC D C doDG
ok e Dk ok wC  lFDCq D@C Mp@@d @@@
DC oDF Co N  Cv  l p Clh DF PkG  nND@@
 P qC DFDWd PvC lDzJ aA  N DvC qC PwDJaF
CiOvC C  Co l r@V x@@ @C @@ @do @ @ND@@F
xJ Co N EDOA MoCpd kCl PD  w A  lzphl@v@J
lz koCl PD A  Co N NA MoCpd koDF P@D@@@@Z
Cp  do xJ Co N H koA PD Z xJ Co Nl@o Cl@
.PwlC ol  pd kA  OvolFxJ DClh

CHw  Hwd Co C lCkp o rN kqDv D Co C   p

⁽²³³⁾.Gwd F pw   F DFC  :81 

Hwd Co C lCkp o rN C  Co C kqDv D @ p@ : @@Vp@N
.kqClC H ok Co C F C Hw
DF phD  DdC P@D@@G@F @kA @@A @D@d : cp@z
.l MphD PvC D p ok DOznDF
⁽²³⁴⁾((.HweC  E EkC wd (wC ) D))
EkC Fh  wd  kp wC  @@@Cp@@C @@@
.A qC l PFD  Hw orF DV oklOwD

DFkC HwOC Mlz  FC 

HwC ke 

CmDC D  OC C

FCD   OC x

kF MlDF orF DV

kvMkoCl x lqp

z Kv kiF pz Z

yDFOh Dh lqp
F D))  Co ypwJ Ep@ kp@@A kp@ P@e@@@ y@h @Z 
((.HwOC F D   PGwOC Cm DF C  wC
P PwZ  PD qo ok lvpK N qC  pw@J C @@@
.MolJ Pw  l

Cpk DF Mo

⁽²³⁵⁾.DiCC p AoC V GOvC  :82 

 Co DlC p  V k DGOvC  w : cpz  @@Vp@N
Dh Pp rOw A  Cpq Co Dh C PhDz kA eN
.ECqC PvC
 qC G DC cOvC ok p  oDOvC ok P@C H@@p@N @C
.Aok
⁽²³⁶⁾((.  oDz DVpC oDz )) :kp  
Co DC PvC kp Ppz Dkp DF l Mo@@ @ p@ @@@
.DC Dok
 @@dC p@@@@C Co p@@R)) :P@vC @@l@F MD@@@ qC 
((.oCoC
.lz Op C qC PvC pNpz lC  
DN  DDFD qC P OhA  qC Pd lO Co d D@
.l DJ lClDV

kp DF D kohpF

@@ C@D@ @p@@ D@@F uD@@C @C p@vC @ :83 @@@
⁽²³⁷⁾.D

lpz p  Co rZ Dkp wF lDFDOz  w : @@Vp@N
d ok lF pV kz O DDF  lzDF @O@zCl@ P@vk
lCl  Co rZC
lz kr DC  pF G  lz HD@ @@vC@F : cp@z
 Co rZ lCh Co kh pFA  Mr w xJ p @D@
.cCr o qC D lzDF lV o qC Ch l DF loCk yhDkp

q P yh Z CkD DlF

r kD  iv ClF

kz oCl PD aA 

kok lCil O V 

 Dk  Dzk Z

olh O rWF

pF S C PvC kq  Z

Oh qCx p Ppd kF
hCDF EDeC qC   oC F pz  kpOCo pdC F DFC
C D lz koC D pF kF wC  @@@Cp@@C
feZ  oC pwJ N  koCl pz Clh  pz N  P
Z DdC DF PvC Ozq qC pOF lV  Ozq N  PvC oC qC pOF
?!lz kh  orF  lv
l   v kD  D  CD @N P@@ @p@z
 PvC pi qC pOF v  pi pwJ N  koAok ClF Co D@@@v
CC pwJ N  PvC V  Epd qC pOF c  v  Fpd pwJN
kh Z DeC DF lzDF r@@ @ P@vC @C p@@@ @@C
lz pF C kr qC pz lz H ok D O CpCCo
:P

pi F D OC

Dw  oD v 

l FD D wGN 

⁽²³⁸⁾DCom PF C Dw
 w A F DGdp P F D O  PvC @@ @ 
yC  w F C  P @@ P@vC H@@@FC@@@
d ok pG D Z  C P D PvCHeCD@@d
hCk D p P  p Dd Z ok Co C HFC P@@
 Co C PD Ch C p kh LZ PvkpF l@z @@@V
fD GF PA lFCh C o pF  kCk oCpkh yCp Co MC@@
HFC Vq HeCDd D D  U D PvC p@O@@F
⁽²³⁹⁾.PvCD VC  PvC
o  DF uDC o  (wC ) weC F  D@))
⁽²⁴⁰⁾((. xDF
lzDF DC ok raF kp CpF l l@F @@@w@ @@@
.lzDG C ok  raF Co C lk DzkDC

kpHD qC aA qC PvC DN p iz DoD pOp@z qC
lCk

⁽²⁴¹⁾. D O pC DC pzC  :84 

lDzJ Z  DN p iz DoD pOpz qC : @@Vp@N
.DC MC qC  kp HD qC lCk aA qC PvCC
F  PworF  MkDv P DN  lCO DDCk : cpz
:C do DNFC pz PvC

  lwF GC x

⁽²⁴²⁾FDOC lv 
qC  lGF Co kh E  l  kp E qC l@D@F @@ x@J
C qC  lkp pN C d ok kp@ p@C  l@D@@@ P@@@A
 lzDF DZ  lDzKF DC qC Z  l G lOvChMon@@
:lCO

Gw C  pC l 

⁽²⁴³⁾ P R P
P kh CpwJ F wC D@ p@@@V @F @v@ Mp@@d
qC xJ lCz DF p Dz PvCo y ok w pCk@p@
rZ  P  PvCh Mon  PzCn Dz LZ yFp@v A
⁽²⁴⁵⁾⁽²⁴⁴⁾.Co C on l G DzO
  C  hC on GC (wC ) @@C p@@C D@))
((.Con  xOD on
HF lzDF OzCl on pC  Co kh okCpF on  G@ @@@
.Co onC CpF

l cC Clh  kh D  w

 uDC F  F D C fC C F  F D fC  :85 
C w  D   Dk pC  C f@@C @Np@hC p@C f@@C
⁽²⁴⁶⁾.Dd C  D

D  PvC C D aA koA cF @ @w@ : cp@z  @@Vp@N
 PvC C D aA lClh koA cF oDrpJ  NF DOd
z  .l cC N  Cpq Dlq  MpzD qCkp D
 w  Dh D .PvC kDw lG DC kDw Co @@G@@ 
Dk pC DOd koA cDF Co kh DG  MphApC koA cDF
,C  lk lJ ykh x G qC Co C p lzD@F@ p@  Co C
ECn qC Co C lk h  Dd  DG@@Cl@h qC C p@F l@zD@F
.phC

l PDC Owv qC  w

zCC DC   e@C @@ @C@O@C D@C @ :86 @@@
⁽²⁴⁷⁾.lC

Co oC ok kp Owv  PDw l PDC  w : cpz  VpN
iv l PDC w  l A CkC lDF  Co Dd kqDvD@
.Co kh R DF Pvk lCkp D  G Co C  Co Z
D Z l  Z iv pF  PvC q @D@ p@ p@F x@J
Co C PV C qC  l  Co C F kkp vD pGh  PvC@vD@
.PvC PDv D CC pNlF  lzDF OzCkzk

D ok oD DF P w

DqC P Z P Cl

P okCpF C yh DOF

P Zzk  pOF OwCl

lpF zk DJ Dw

lpNzk  DD zk q

rp CN DN  A qC

rhP Co Oh O p 

qCok PGF iz kp DFq

qCppvlCk P lF

 lF  J Dw kD 

kh d ok D lF Cp

D C lz HD  o

Cpd DopF C qC PvC rZ k

loh DGF D A 

lpFOzrF D A pk

oDF kp D kpF A p

oClN  qC kh ph N

D l N D olC 

CpkxJ qC P N J 

PvC D DV ok  J w

PvC D DVq kh  

lClJ Co A kJ kDA ,Co kh pv ok l kD  w

⁽²⁴⁸⁾.lOvC pwC lF pnN  :87 

Co A N  kClOvC Co kh pv ok l kD  w@ : @@Vp@N
lGF Co khok
kqDw kDA OGC lzDF MphA p ok pnO w xJ : cpz
DizC xJ lzDF fD   N  Co D pv A pF qDv
A qC PvC DA P OV lOw MphA kCq  zN @@@N ok@
.Cpv

Pw lDV  pwJ C DV

PwlC oCkD Dk q

wF x pk DWF Ow

wpk N DWF l

D koiDv C pF k 

DkpC pF lDK lG 
lOo N Do Z GF  p  DF yF Oi  rr C xJ
DKF Co p D   MpDw lDF  N lOh pG pOwF ok
:F   EDh Co kh  Con PF  yDF kh oD N okxJ

Dz kDF  PvC N   Dh

Dz  v ykpG

DOw iC   D

DdpClz  C  l

Po aA PpF uwDF p

De pFl Pvk qC ypk

OC CmD wC p l

DC kCqD  fC

konF le yA ok wF

Dv D  Hz  qo N   pF

oF pON N 

DOC C lC DG

lz pN F Pok C

Dkp A PvpN

GC kD  N D

DNkD eC G 

Pw  Cl kp k lq

DOzCCliF koCl A
   kD D (wC ) @@@Cp@@C C o ))
 lWwC C D w MF D VD uDC nhD@d
dpDF  k l @ C do -CkrN :uDC @ oD@V@
DCD kCrC  pe D fDF CGC  DlC  VpC CC
 D@@F p@@@C @ l@F @@@ qD@@  Ck@ @G@@
⁽²⁴⁹⁾((.DC
D Hz p ok kp Cl CpC  l@O@Co @@@
llz  ClF lOp h DFCiF ECh P@W@Fkp@
Dw ok  kp   lWw  lWw@ @C @@Cp@A
:kp lkFlWw
 eN xJ Co DD@z l@@ P@@do Cl@h l@oCkp@F @z@N  kCq
Co Dk pF PDC lF   kp Cl Dz D ok Y  PdokD
 fD zN qC Co Dz kF  aA DF MphA wF l@kp@p@F
Dr  Piv O  kp Dz Co J ok OvolF xJ@@
.DA pF   DA qC OzCn qC oDZ Pw  PvCD

 Dk P HGv l oCkkh Ck@ @O@@ qC @@@w@
kz khDG

⁽²⁵⁰⁾.NDPGC ((okC ))  pN  :88 

OwCl  Co ((Cl)) oDO l@ p@N @@@w@ : @@Vp@N
.kz kh DG  Dk P HGv lECV
Cl lF lCl  CprZ  PvC x A DCk D xJ : cpz
lCl  CprZ F k Cpk Cp  kh  H@G@vD@N
.C  okC  :lCO aDZ kp kD DNlvpKF
 ok DlF lvo Z  ll@vp@J Co @Cr@ l@@@
.OzCl  A lvpJ qC OwCl Z p A CpFP

 C kF A PD lC

DF uDzPGF Co G 

lvpJ m  ClF aA upKF

DCkr F lzDF N Co k

lA ok kh VC ok pwF DD PvDqoA J ok w

⁽²⁵¹⁾.VDF pS C D  pV  :89 

A D ok l pv  Co qoA DW Op PvlF w : Vp@N
.kh VC ok lA ok pwFDD
 DF @ p@  oD@ qC @D@ @kA @@A @D@d : cp@z
p l  PvC Dk kp WF   qCok oDwFDqoA
kA  PvC OwDz xJ ,kp Dk qC Mpwd pJ k DF lvp Co C
l qD p  lzDF C C H OvJ  l yCpCo p
Co OCoq  lzDF lvo aF C v pC h l kqD@@
 Pzn CpD  Mn DC Z lzDF lvo ykDd P lD@
 l Y C qC  qo p  lA pwF DkDz  D@oD@qo
.PvC DF Dp  C  lF DJ  D AqC oDaF

Pznok Z qC p Cok Z

Pzn pv qCPFD DJ  Pvk r

EDGz pF lA ok PGz Z

EChq pF lk lz qo PGz

kq DOw pF DG kDF Z

krvCpCV Phok lZ

lZ DCV DF CpN lGr

lkpJ fG PoD pF 

Pzn CV   Dok

PznDlq H  F

Dq opJco  Dok

DpF Z D pF PznF 

lz DF   Dok

lzD  lD ok dq

oDqA k DF P yh Z

oDqolz  kp oD 

oh C  Oz C  Ckvq

ohk  DN OhCkpK

rr p PznF  Dok

r lZk C Pzn lCiF

PvC x MkDv Cpv ok pC

PvC xFpd lv oDOq
  on DOvk Dh  pF DOvpGF Oi okCpF D@V C x@J
pq ok   pN  pF MpG  @@C p@@ D@zoCr@ c@p@F
.PvC DOvCk Z  pGh Z  DFPl

Dh N pF qp N kq

DkokD lA yF

pNOwA kp pC oDq 

pv  Pwo yDF  Z 

DV olC  kF oClDV

DqC DiF pFCpF Ovlz