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l

dpC dpC C wF
 C VC iC oDF @@D@@C Eo  l@@e@C))
  C hC oD OO TF  D do voC@
((.GC pDC OFC
C Do le F uDG PDFF p C l @Z ,l@@F 
MCpCV pOF  Pw z  :kDwC  weDF D COh
CrA   Co A kh y ok  DJ k Crh ok CpA kA@
l qC  phD pCV  pDFo ok  DF d  DV lD@
PDvo EDV  l EDF  C MDA pGC PdD p P@F
 MDwOC   CpC DC D  D@l@@v@D@@J
  )) lzDF lz DOC  nhC DO Ckl MDe@O@C
GC C  G   C C  ew nC wC
⁽¹⁾((C  C 
EDF ok  Co MpeA oD MD pOF G D@v l@@Z ok @ 
pOi  WN pd HNpOF kp V PvC @@G@CX@@p@hA
MoDq F  DC C ok DN Oz A pF kh PDF qClDFdp@z
A qC  l  lvo pDiF lz D kh l DOvkqC 
.D EDWA l CpA   EDiOC pzMD
h  wC lC D A   C  G@C @ o l@@))
⁽²⁾((ko  kpN C l lrN d   Cl
pF dpz pOi voD F  k V Co @@ l@ @C p@V
D d MD qC  k  MD m ok DGD  k@@A
OGvDF DV p  k pm PvC Mpd A kh qC D@A H@D@@
A qC x  DN OzD voD D Fp oDzC qC p@@z @v k@@
DSCpS pW C phm  D @@ @ l@@Ckp@G@F D@@O@C
⁽³⁾.kkp
DF C N D  DV  D  DF d D@D@ D@n@i@))
.HC C  PN

PvC ol v PvDo v

⁽⁴⁾olC v vDpC A :C 

.PvC v kD PvDo PA : VpN
,kV @ :p@C l@@Z @F P@vC UD@O@e@ x@o @@Cl@F : cp@z
O A  PvC ol v PvC oC C  v  PDWzp@k
kr l dO  lWN  A  PDWz PeN ok Uol@@P@vC
.lzDF  lClz   QCldCko

?Dzk DF zk  DOvk DF Ovk qClC Z DN

FC D F  C w D D GGd HGdC :k @@
⁽⁵⁾.D D GGd  C w D D F

CoCl  pF OzCk Pvk Co kh Pvk oCkPvk : cpz  VpN
kh oCpvC V pF Co C  @@ C P@G@e@ ok Cp@C @@A kCp@B
zk  Dqo qC qo N zk kkp A lDz @ Ckp@@
f DV A Dd @ P  o F zk kh zkD@F @
 e  p qC  pF oDF C DF Co zk CC A  oCnFD@F
A  Dqo qC qo N Pvk kkpF C  lDz @ oA DFlF
ClOC ld qC F  Hd ok xJ ,kz N PCl  lpzHV@
. pF DJ DvC oC ph kDV qC  ,ppF
Cpv  l N  FDeC G () kDC D D))
l lC D p @ l@ @@@ @@C@ D@ @@
⁽⁶⁾((.DDCl
 : kh EDeC G@F k@p@ ()kD@ Mp@@d @@@
pF kz  pC  pv A pF p kh pv pF Co kh PvkCkp
zk Pvk  kz D A Z ,N F lDvp op @N@@zk A
 pv A p :O  lv kp nhC DW@@C qC ,qo kkp@
p  ,lkp zk O  Ck Z  Dok DO@vk D@F oCk
.lkp Pvk qo  lzDF Dzk DF CN  lF

kp 

⁽⁷⁾G  CeN p H  CwdC :3 

kz Dz MDCp DN Cpk w  H ok l @@ : @@Vp@N
.Dz wok
 p CF PvC Dk ok aA pSC  @ r@r@ C Cl@F : cp@z
lkp  Dw  lz D  lD oD@@w@F @ZMD@D@@
kp ECph  w DC EDC F lkp O@v @@ D@kp@@F
.xF Cn  Co C Dh lkpECph Co kp DDh

lpGF PD Z  Dw D pGF

Pw Dw oApF kDp  DF

D kp lqp F lF 

DGNlApF Ph lqp 

pv pF Dv Co kp olJ

FyoDh  DF yoDG

ypv qC Po Dv Co EDF pC

yopJOh Dv ok N

pok DOwh k DeF

pzDF Owik N qo 

 kDz ok Co DlD p

kD lDp qo q

pz OhDv ok

⁽⁸⁾ol  F p ol  pC ldC :4 

A lF Mkh p v qC Co lF  pz  ok   : @@Vp@N
.Mkh vqC
lF l kh k ok A  koCk  k pz  C : cp@z
Co k F k A Z l lF P N CpF r DA DN  Dkpp@F
Pvk  l pRDN kp ok N p qC  OvCh pC A k,koCk
ok  A pC  d Co kh C loCkpF kh lF  oz qC
Co lF oD Dkp  l pRDN N  DN  ok kh qClzDF@ @N
 CmC  HC  HC  PVph CmC C D)).l@@ p@N
:((CmC qDWO DwC kpW
pRC A ok  kz k ok hCk lz pF k qC    @
:A Dd l qDWN Dz qC lzDF DFq kpW qC D p l

  kh oDO F DN

lpRC Cpk ok b

kqDv oCh Co ClF l kCoC lClh  D

⁽⁹⁾C  pd ClG C moC CmC :5 

D ok Co lF DN Clh kqDv PwJ  mo Z : cpz  @Vp@N
 Co  C pF l Cpd ,Dp p ok C v l vCFD@h
⁽¹⁰⁾.lDp pe Co C  PC qC

d v   C Mz

DCpN C lzoD

 C DF  

DDN  C  

kkp D   D

⁽¹¹⁾C  C N CmC :6 

C  PD D kp  lz D  DN Z : VpN
DA DOvC  lF C G HGv F  D@ @ Cp@q : cp@z
PvC kh    kp q  ke CoA @@O@@@FP@vC
pV PvC oDwF Cpz  P oD C ok Z  oDG@O@CCr@@@F
D ,l iv lWw pC A h @F k@z@ @@
:O

kq CN ok kZ iv qC 

kqCNpJ  kF Ph A
qC  l oDwF Mv  Co kp llk Dp  lCkp Cn@ 
.l Pd N  lo C wF lD oCpkp

EC  Dh ok DDN

ECV pDd⁽¹²⁾DDhsCsqC F

iv DwC x ok PvC D

Cvo oDOF Co kh N

Wh G rp qCA 

kN   pOF  V
Dz  Pw C rV kp  PwOCo ()CpDF Mp@d qC
⁽¹³⁾PvC q DC DDFq D DOvk
⁽¹⁴⁾DwC @@d @ D@w@C @@v :T@l@e@C @ 
.PvC C DFq OzCk  ok kAPv

 D DN iv DW

oCl FD Cl Z

l CN DN   

qClCq  pF qClCq

C pF qpJ D F zk kp 

Cp@z @@ @@@C @@VD@ l@ @@ Mol@ CmC :7 @@@
⁽¹⁵⁾.ol

 C pN qC    kh zk pF OD Mol D p : @Vp@N
.OD wN C pF A Cpz Co C qC  lFoCp
⁽¹⁶⁾((O EpC CN C  :DN C D)) : cpz
.oDrpKF PvC pOkr Dz liF   kp DOd 
Pzn xJ Co Mr p l kDq Pzn    lO@Co 
D  lCO Dd ⁽¹⁷⁾.lCkp rr Co Dz lClh DNl@
.PvC pOF l  P PvC pOorFlZ p
olC DF uDC C)) :kp () @@@@@Cp@@C r@@
⁽¹⁸⁾((.FC
PF pF Nol  PvC x A F Dkp pNoCCr@v @@@
.lzDF pOFkp

CrV lzDF v lF Co lF

⁽¹⁹⁾DvC C wdC kp pC

lvo Dz F P  D

DDC Cp@N @ @@@C Cp@C @@@C P@@ CmC :8 @@@
⁽²⁰⁾.pCF

xJ C DO⁽²¹⁾ Dp D@@@F l@@vo @Z : @@Vp@N
 oCnpz F Co DO A DDJ lqDw  lD@p@
.A Cp
F kG kDz    OhD )P Cp :ClF : cp@z
qC (lzDF Co A F   @p@@ ok Cp@A kp@@ p@ A
 Dpd HV  G ok PvC kA MDz TDF  SGhMD@@
.Dk ok PvC PHv
@Np@@ @  @@l@q @Np@@z @ :@D@@N C D@))
⁽²²⁾((.llFCnC
lqo Cp pC  Co Dz OGC l kDq A p loCnpz pC
.PvC Piv  ECn DD l vDKvD

D   lF kp pz pC

CqFvo   D F

lW EDO ok ClCh kh 

lr pF kFP ,pz ok 
PwkA pD o qC MDD VC  PvC DO@w@@ ED@O@ ok 
qC F uDzd v Clkp@h D@@NC @F  @v MCk@V@mC
.uDKvDkA

yCp rp C Cpv

v OFl q p kkp

Co Cv qC p p 

Vok N DF lA rZ lDF

z C oD A ok xJ oCk upN oD qC pC

D C @@N l@z D@ @@ @@ Cp@C P@G@ CmC :9 @@@
⁽²³⁾.DiN

DD oD A ok z C x@J oD@ qC @vp@O@@ @Z : @@Vp@N
PvC pOorF i pC A qC OzCk D Co kh  kp ondOi@v
A qC vpOaA qC
ok  qC PvC HC A qC h ok p  F F @ Cp@q : cp@z
A DSC  MCpFlN ok p lz pOw  h Dq  HGwFA
pF A  G DF C PvC @@k MCo@D@F P@G@w@ @C
⁽²⁴⁾.PvC O  PwraADC

lqDv oDV kCk l DF Co qo

@i@D@F @@C @  @l@@D@F qp@C C@r@@O@vC :10 @@@
⁽²⁵⁾.DFkDV

.kCk lF Co qo lA kp l H : cpz  VpN
⁽²⁶⁾((.C NC D  qo  ol   :DN D D))
lA DV lk @a@A @ @ l@@ @@@ @@@w@ 
DF D C lF lCl  Cpq kp D ok kp lChkp@C@V
.G Dk ok lvp
((.C ol  C rN   ()oDzC C ))
kp  MpeA k oDzC r  ⁽²⁷⁾@@@F @@@
.oDF Cp   olF kCk oD lkp
⁽²⁸⁾((.lDF C CpVDO OC CmC kp  ))
.l kClF DN Clh DF l MoDWN lO p  ok Z
⁽²⁹⁾((.lOC rW C D))

PvqoA pN pCN pND

⁽³⁰⁾.C pN C pzC :11 

PvC DqoA  N pN pCN   DwC pOpz : VpN
lF  rOw PD  P@vC P@D@@ q A @ Cp@q : cp@z
.k DN  PvC W PD :(( rDC))

PvC  Pp kCk Pvk qC

⁽³¹⁾. pC DC :12 

 oDF F Co PCp  Pp MDC kp D@ : cp@z  @@Vp@N
 Oo Ovk qC Pp  O A ok PvC lC   TDFPDw@
kpz P Co kh Cp MDC  PwA D xJ PvC OznoD
.kpF Ovk qC kiF  koCn
((.EDewC ppN DD pC CrOC :SC  ))
Dq A Z Co DOp lpF P @ P@vC @S@ ok @@@
⁽³²⁾.pFC Ozn lD konPp

kv Z OwCl OwCN DN

kGOwCN OwCk Z
⁽³³⁾((.G  D Dv  :TleC  ))

p qpC PD o DCV

pJqlD CV Ckp 

kFo ok  q oDqo D

kF olHz J qC yqo p 

OhD ol Co qpA 

OhDFok C OwClF

DJ EA Pvkq kClF PF

DiFN rV  oDZ Z

EDGz pF lA ok PGz Z

EChq pFlk lz qo PGz

Pznok p qC ED y 

PznpvqC Ev  O 

d  uwDF D p 

⁽³⁴⁾ PC PvC rr Pp 

kz ko TDF kh kp weN

⁽³⁵⁾.kDkqC   EDWC :13 

p kp kDq qC l  lwJkh  HW : VpN
A  kh ok Co p D kp oN @@w@ @@A @Z : cp@z
 lA pF A N  kDkqC J ok pk lvo p A CPDF
HW)) :MpeA  r PvC  F  lD@ D@e@A@F
kh xF kA HW ⁽³⁶⁾((  kDwd ldC wFp@@C
⁽³⁷⁾.PvC C  Dzk qC

w lD ok Dw aF

wFlD orF kh qC 

oCr Mpz lF DN 

oClN x qC O kh Z

D kh ok lkp DorF

CiF Oh qC F Clh

PvJ V pF A lA qDJ

PvC ok rOwJ Z PzClJ 
 ,Co kh lDF PvC p kDkqC  D H@D@ @@@w@ x@J
⁽³⁸⁾.lD lCh D C  lApF D eN ok  lGFD
:D C ok lv jz O Eh Z

lZ pFC q CoDF p 

llF DokDJ Z lz Wh

Ow  PvDok  DV 

Ow  Dd Pw C p

llF MoDd aF Co kh Z

lopJ DVZ yoD ok l

oD lDvo DWF ypKv

oCDz oD lz 

lz PwJ D PD A qC lF

lz PwDN P Ow ok

kp pNCND

 rWC  ChC EDwOC  rW  uDC rWC :14 @@@
⁽³⁹⁾. Fp  

Pvk F qC lzDF rVD  PvC w@ kp@ @p@Nr@VD@ : @@Vp@N
qC  kp D  PvC w A x C qC pNr@VD@  CokCp@FkoA
.PzCk PvlF  Co okCpF  PvlAkCk Pvk
pV O qC A   C  vo Mpd  PvC PCo : cp@z
⁽⁴⁰⁾((.hDF pS pC)) :kp  PwpF HD FCF
F  CokCpF qC  M pGh Dp  O D@D@Ck qC @@
.kkp Dv  qC   Dlvp
:pDC D

DhC   C DhC DhC))

cvpF DWC C Dw

⁽⁴¹⁾dDV D C  FC C 

⁽⁴²⁾((cDV pF qDGC  
ll Pvk qC Co k@h D@O@vk D@w@C @ P@vC @O@w@D@z x@J
⁽⁴³⁾.Co kh olJ DGdC  l DOvkh
⁽⁴⁴⁾.FC F FCp FC k :() CpC D))
CkC   :lGC o  TR A   C  G@C @ 
⁽⁴⁵⁾((. m C p  MCpWeC  pF o  Gz p FC

o lD yDh  PvC r@Z @v k@p@ Cl@h @vo @@@
CpDC DF Ovk  Co yolJ DOvk l  iz ACp@kA
lF A v pJ qC Co kh  lv lk pN A pk kpGF
A lF DDh  DpWd ok l@C p@@  Co k@h @@Zl@@
.lzDFmD
Co oDw F  wC @@ kD@ Mp@@d @ P@vC P@Co 
  PvC  olJ EDeC qC  kp@@  P@zCk@P@vk
⁽⁴⁶⁾.koClF Pvk Co yolJ EDeC iz  oClPvk

 kohpF Z z  oDGhC DF

D Co   Do  Ov CmC pG@i@C C@@@C :15 @@@
⁽⁴⁷⁾. NDo  pS CCo

⁽⁴⁸⁾PDo PDok CpA lF Z Co pGh l@FD@ok : @@Vp@N
  kpW  PCo ODok  PvC A  @ ok p@Fl@NA
DCo DD ,Dkp pSC Ap PCp lD A  pFlN lFlzD@F
. A Dl MDCp  loDwF
:lCkp : cpz
F  Tld  ⁽⁴⁹⁾pN C  ph @ol@N T@l@d
   A PCo  Tld oCr qC PvC pOF CpA  @Cl@F
.ClCpA

D D qC zJ Z

⁽⁵⁰⁾.ClFC pN  C  mC  C :16 

F  Xo  oD qC A qC D oDh pF yKF Z : cpz  Vp@N
pC   A eN  yKF Z DF DOvk qC MDD D@@k
 lq iN  h PDeF   rp  kzh@
.oD F PwF Dk PG Cpq
((.D DDWv pN nCm  ))
.Co C PG  h DN N lwKF  w DaA Pw

Pwi lD Mpq Z eN

Pvo Gok Z kkp lz 

l Dpev O  lz

lrDFpF lA FDpq

pGhF pOwDh P 

pwFCpv qC Oio p

  oDOvk ls P 

pF DCpz Pvk 

NA oh ok  x C 

 ok o pOwDh q

D kh ok lkp DorF

CiF Oh qC F Clh

Co ok Pw C rV Pp

Co hN koCk lC 