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DV ok kh okCpF DF  l kpG kh p  DO DF Dz qC  p xJ
kpG  DF DN koCn pCo kh kpG  zk  lD MDvC h
 l G C pF  lrA yokCpF ok  lz pd k ,C @k okCp@F
lv CliF .lDvo P F Co C  lAC Cpv @F k A x@K@v
F MphA pz qC ,lDF Dv  lrpF p@@@@z qC qp@C p@C
qC oCp ok .l CoClD  Ep CpzC Dz .Pvo lCiP@@v
lD DF  oDGNC D ok oCh  Pn r  Clh H ,V
p  l oCp D  lCrC Co p ,oCp  PvC oD@  @@
 z ok ,ko Clh Dok FDDGz  xA .kz@@ @D@
pq ok PF ,lzDF lz koC EA pF  PvC CN a @@z
,PDWz  upN  V DpGh qpC .PvC lF Dr@@H@C@V
lDO khoDk F DA  A qC F  w CliF .kz oD@@zA
.oCk DOzC DzoClk F 
 Dp lCpJ Co DODV xJ l ko Co d i@v p@C D@Cl@h
DC ,qDv  oCn p Co DA  Ckp pO Co D@D@@i@v
 o F l gCov gCov Co DlF  r D@Fp@ l@F
 .lz CqC  DJh O DN qC ,kon@@F A qC @@w@
 lFF  ok Co DCiOvC  lDF Co p  pz PFp@@F
 A F  kpGF  l  Co DDJ  DlDv kqClDF Co D@@O@vk
lqDOF DA pF oCv Dl  lz koC DA pF JDJ , D@D@K@v
Dp J ok  l d DA J ok oD CpF oD@w@F CoC@v
pqCpv DKv DzDpzF  llz V DGvC DF CoCv pOz ,Cp
 dC  lFF Co Dz @@q ,k@h D@@@v D@F D@G@vC  k@z
⁽¹³⁾.lo pF kh DV qC ,lo  pq Co DzDDCpZ
F Co kp wC  DC  lz DV v ok  l pd
 DC ,Cpqo   qo ,V qo kp @N @@V
:kp wC
 Co DCl  lqClC p Co DZ  lvpOF Clh qC Clh Dl@F))
 Clk  ZDF qoDG CpF Co kh  lF iv pO@  l@@@
oClDJ  PFDR  lqDv kDA ,lz DGp@ @F P@vk  kCk @V
 l Cr DF  lz oDOvoDN l kD kDq Co Cl@h  l@@D@@F
pFD DF Clh  l pG  ko Pvk qC Dz PG  lz Pwv
DA pF Co qpJ  Dp DC PD  pG DC F DClh⁽¹⁴⁾ PvC
⁽¹⁵⁾ ((CkpF  Co Dzkr   qD
:k yoDv V ok kh CoD F wC  C pC
yo  W  d A DGk F  kDv  ODN  H@ @
koCl DzC ,lzDF
DF Co pz d  l kDOvC zk kp kFD CpF DOdv qC @
lD CkC ,qDWO pv pF koA kp
Dh F Co zk A DF  lrF lAoD  e@  @ Co D@@Fp@ @
lDF
pv ,PvC upN D  DD  l DO   Co DOD@Cl@ @
.ll
DF () Clh vo Dq ok ,zk  koh w wC  DC
oDC ,p upN qC FPvC l Dw  koD DC kh H
CoD Dp  PvC OzCk i kh ok ok Co p  k vC
 D  Pw lkpN  .l pDCo yp ,l@FD@@F Co k@h
vC F DGNoC  kG Dw@ k A D@S@C  D@ @Fp@@
.lOzCl
Co Owz  PvC A J ok OqDF  Co rp V ok lDG))
DZ A Co pzd ,loDz oCD ,PvC @d A qC x@J @
Co Oh  lOC Dh pF  lrF N DF DZ Co zk ,l CkC ,lDF
Piv  lk DV zk J ok Co r DN lrCp@F D@@Z
 lqDv yDh Oh ok Co kDp  D@F  l@@Cp@F p@@@@z
F lv .l ok k qC p@O@@F Co up@N ,@CoA @z@D@h
lCkoDvC DA ,lpDF Co Co  PDF Co Ck  oDkopJ
 lCOzCk DJ p k ok  l pDN Dw F upN qC F
⁽¹⁶⁾ ((lqDv oDzA Co kh plGF DwD CoD  D A
Dlqo F oD
pm Co wC  DC DDKv  Dp oD qC koC@ @G@
V Oi DqC Co kh DKv wC  DC @Z  @kp@
qpJ ok  ,lkG   qC D@A @@  kp@@ oA
.lkF pz
F DF V CpF Co h F kDq wC  Mpd A  @O@
qC  lG Co C wC DC ,kCk Pwz Co DA C  kDOvp VD
p qC Ckp  lDp F Co dDo  xKv  kp pN C
.lz e DA F pF qC pk Ckp oCp C DF kDOvp 
.lkCk Pwz Co DA  llV VD F DF k A ,DeC qC xJ
qC pV CpF Co p qC Ckp k wC  DC @a@@
DC DKv qDOJp k  D  kDOvp DoC Fpw@F yo@
 DC ,llvo  F  ok D DKv l DF wC @
DA F Ppv F  PvCh C qC Pz D pOzC D@ @F @w@C
.kp Z r C  kz e
DN kDOvp Co kp wC  DC pF ok pd FC O D 
pF ok lG F kDqF  l ok pd FC CpC qC Co kh @
pC  l PGN ,yDF C kp lCpJ ok kp@ @C qC @ P@z@
,koCl Co DA DF FD CN pC  lWFDA DF llz D  p@v
wC  DC DN kqD@v @@@ Co D@A  kp@ P@vk @F P@vk
.lOvpF C oD CpFCo Dp
DC DKv qC Cz  kp d Cp DKv F Dz DKv ,@ ok
DF  Cp F DKvkCpC pDv .lkp pDe  ClV Co @w@C @@@
d oD  oD DF  kp dCp wC    C
pDe DF  koA ok pDe qCCo DA  l@@O@w@@z Co p@D@e@
.lO Co DA qC kDq kClN  llV Dl
,oD ,DN F Z C Co kh DlDp w@C @@@ D@C
ok kpG Clok .kp pC Dzkh F ok l@@  oD@@@
:kp kh CoD F 
kh k ok ,zk DF oClk  lz o Fo D  Dz qC  p))
,lGF CND  upN ,hCokCpF qC  qC  l H M uDwdC
qC ,koCk pNpF kh okCpF pF A qC  h ok P @F l@D@F
pC .l Dk h x qC  l Dk D kh okCpF
⁽¹⁷⁾ .lpA  lD pk ok r Co C PvCh Clh
oCp  tNCpOvC  H CpJ
Co A  PvC lA Ap pz A ok fp o F V qC oCp Ppd
.PvCkpz ,PvC NA HV  orF D
 H p F l oCp  k zk F V qo ok @ p@))
,PvC r pNlF gqk DDV  koA o l@Cl@h @@h
lzDF (Cl pk p F p qC) V CpF C p kF lCh
qC D cDV F H qC V fD CpF) pF lz e CpF D 
⁽¹⁸⁾((lzDF (ko pk p v F Cp
 l  H V fD DOvCo ok  V CpF w @C
C H  Ppd dqC lzDF tNCpOvC D ODN C H
.PvC lz DSOvC
C EDeC F kh DD qC  ok Co H  wC  DC
.PvC kp DF Z
Owz  koCk J ok OqDF  Co oCp  rp V ok lDG))
⁽¹⁹⁾ ((kz DN CpDz pF  kpz oCD ,PvC d A qC xJ  Co
pDe  DdC D  oCp  op  ODN  H 
 ok  yo  doCp C DGk F  l@zD@F @@zk kq ok 
.koCl DzC ,lzDF C Pwz  zk lF
 V qC qCp CpJ wC  DC Div Ozn MDe@ ok
C oDF  Co C okCpF ,koCnF DN Co yokCpF  krpF w pC C
.koA ,lA C Cpv F DClV   l ,l yk F
:PvC lA Z  EDO ok p PCo ok
,kp Co C  OzCn DN yokCpF pF kh oCp DF Co kh koD))
Clh iv  h pOxJ .PvC zk Clh ,l Z x p
qC pC F :PvC kp Clh .PvClh F Dz  PqDF  l
oCl F rV  liG kv Dz F oCp ,lrpO@ D@ p@
pz qC pC lv CliF ⁽²⁰⁾ .PzCk lC@i@ p@@F @@
 OvCo qC .kF lCi DC ok MphA pz qC ,l@@ oCp@D@@k
⁽²¹⁾ ((lAqpJ pG qC lF  lpF oD pG  Ovok
.kz NA HV ,PvDJpF V  D @V qC oCp@  ...))
DA F ,V ok oDDF kohpF D F D C lDp@@ Cl@h
pG  DDV ok .l PDe Co Clh pC xJ ⁽²²⁾ l P@J
.PvC MphA  Dk ok Pd upN qC MDW zh  MkD@v A p@F
Z F Co Dzqo  Hz Dl@@F @ P@w@@ @@ Cl@h Cp@F
lz PGR ,EDO ok DC   PvC DA rZ  F ClCoCn
l oClDJ xJ .l yCp  kp  @ oD@kop@J 
l kDA CpF Co kh  lCiF qpJ Cl@h qC  l@@zD@F p@FD@
 lzDF q CoC CN  (lzDF OzCk Co  do kDA)
⁽²³⁾ ((l DwdC  DA  loCk CN  PvC Dw DF Clh
ok  Co V MDpd qC Ppd k wC  DC GC X@@ ok
DGV wC  MpdA Z .lD  ,lz DWC 
lF kh Ok  OdCoD qC ClOFC Gh A ok  PzCk p p@q Co
HGv F kh kh  pDh PDo qC xKv  ypH
:l iv ,zk F DA yo  d
V D ok Co Dz lCpJ  rp  lk Co oDz V))
Co Dz ,Dz ECpC ,lkp yDF C qC  CpOv ,kp lD@@
CJ  ,pz Cpv  lFp DlqCpF Dz  Dd ok llCo
 kF N PFDF C qC k .lOw C orF DOwVpF  kp@
 lkF Op oCp DDF A qDN  PhDN ko ,Ep DD@ D@@z
Co Dz DA  Da ,F Co Dz ,oD DDJ ok kD@z @@C
qC Co DA,lkp ok Co Dz  Dv A  lCo Co DA Dz ,l@l@Co
NA  lFD kGF  v hq DA .lqDv ok DDoCp@
Fp r DF  lpz :pF  l@@ p@ @@@h
Do oD N CpOz lD ,zk DKv l D  ,l@@q@
Co kh oiFA F lz lCo khDp@FA qC @ oCA  l@z
⁽²⁴⁾ ((lro ok A phA D ok ,lFD
GV PJ F Dlz O  dpW DOC
 kp O GV PJ F Co Clz  dpW wC  @
Cpq .PvC oDwF ,lzDF  kp oD @C @ @D@q p@ ok
pJ  ph  qC DdpW kp ok  U  Dok DC
O kp ok a .lAkVF ,DA p@F @@zk @@w@N qC
do N  Dlqo pDv pRDN qC D ,DdpW  D@l@z
Oo DF  DA PNDz  qpv  Dzk khqC  kz DA
.l pV DA do
 lkp N  yoDv CpC F Clz qC p v o @C qC
F zD  kF Oko  .l O GV PJ F Co DO
wC  DC DKv ok D OwVpF DlDp qC  Dp GO
C pF kp  kDOC q F DN kp d xKv...)) :,lvo MkDz @F
C F kp A .kF kDOC Dlz O F C @@D@d ok P@zn@
A qC G CliF Co N F C F  DvpF v CpCF P@@
,lFMDW Dd C qC Co Dlz O@  D@dp@W@ ,k@z f@G@
F kp A .lFD wN DO pF  PvC w qC oD PGD  DWCpv
 kp Ppd ,Hz  wC DC  kCk pGh wC @@ D@C
⁽²⁵⁾ ((...kp O GV PJ F Co DO
 Dlz O F ok  :P HDd F @@dp@Cl@G@
.kF kDOCDA F ok  kp  O lv ,okCpF DG@l@F
.PvC l F dpClG C lk kp VN O .Pp Cp uDG
EA F qD P ?ChEA DA .VCo C DC  C DC O@@
EA CN  kp oDJ Cp  kDOC poD @ ok c@v .P@w@@
oA O ?Dvo wC  CpCF Cp DJ DA .zF
F Co DdpW CpC D F  DvpF C F Cp@ @v :P@@
qC qpJ .k oCp DO PJ Co DA DN  O @hp@@@
Plh.Po Dk qC DN Op DWA qC  .l @Z @ P@vC @w@
v Dz F l F dpClG O  lvo wC @@D@C
CliF CpC D O?PvDW ,C pF v :kp DC .l@D@vo
DV DN kF C kr  .kF lok Co C  kDOC poD C pF cv w
DJ Dz CpF C O .k DVpOvCwC @@@ D@C ,kp@K@v
kh p F Co PDdpW P C O ?DJ Z :kp .kDOvp
C  w qC qpJ ,k oCp Clz pv PJ Co DA DN d
,PvC PvlFDV  A F w kp wC  DC .l @@Z
p F Co DdpW  kCk Cl p kD A DGlF  O PvCo
⁽²⁶⁾ ((lkpZ r DA  l d kh
F kz lz A qC G C  PvC lA r H F ClG O ok
Co N)) P ,lF Oe N   kF OvCh C qC  kp
F  yDF CpC Chph C   N C CN @F
e Clh F D kz qpJ d DN WF DzP@F D@F C Cp@@
DN WFolA ,V Cl ok F C F  DvpF C F Cp v  ,z
pv PJ Co kpG Cl  w Cpq .k oCp kh pv PJ Co Cl
⁽²⁷⁾ ((PvC qpJ ,lzDF OzCn
. oDzC V ok wC  DC MDdCpV F DWC ok
FDClvC ok pRC FC  lz cpW ldC @@V ok C @ l@z @@
p  kp PFDCFp 60 ldC ok wC   F)) :l@@
C w wC  pGV qC p  kp p q Co C CFp
dCr , ok Mpd A MDdCpVko ok  ⁽²⁸⁾ ((kp lF Co
Fp k  lA koC wC   pv F Fp v)) :l @
: koA Co V C r A qC lF  ⁽²⁹⁾ ((Mpd A MoF
((l cpW rp wC  Mpd A  lz O))
rp wC  Mpd A  kp  oCCoDeF ok  wW
.l cpW
zk Pwz qC lF CpF DN
CpJ DN DKv kCpC  p@@ @F @w@C @@@ D@C
oD DNDN FDWC ok D .kp zk Pwz qC lF DD
wC  DC DV C  V ok DA D@dC  @@F @C 
Co k A pO DdC qC F  OhCkpJ,PvC k p pF G
. DF r
 V F kp pz qC Co DA A qC xJ @w@C @@@ D@C
DF Co kh DDKv,lCk zk F PWd DNC oCpN Co A  l@
:l   pC ,MCoOvk C
DkpF  DoCp O @1
 CpvC  Dkoh Pwz lDDF  V qC DCND O@ @2
.lz lDJ Dz F V ok  Dw
DdpW O @3
Dq F PmC qC  @4
Dlz O F OpdF  kp S qC  @5
kpJ O qC  @6
wC  DC qDVC lF DDh F ko qC  @7
.PvC p  DkoC ok aA p DA CC Op qC  @8
 koCr q F Co yCevC  w p DF f@@  kCk D@C @9
.lDvp pz  klGF Co yCDh
 kpG ok zk DF kohpF qC J h DKv F @O@@ ok
.lq Pvk A FDA DN l qDA Co V DA DF Dz)) :lw@@
oCkkh DA DF kpG qC pC  loCk k  PWd CleF Dz Cp@q
pk OWd Co Co Dz r C ,lDqDA Dz V F DA D@N l@@@
 l Co DoCp ,kDOC Pwz ,zk pF Clh mC F  DA .P@vC
DJ qC Co Dhq  l DGk ,lCND h DV d qC Co DA
PDC Dz PSdF lZ p lrD pF oCqA DF Co Dq  ,loD@@ ok
 DV  p Td qC DC Cpq l Dzk Co DODlDp  l@
qC DC Cpq l D  lkF pDq  DA .lC@ND@ ,kp@h
D  lkF p Dq  DA .lCND ,kph  DV  p@@ T@@d
oDqo A ok   zJ Z DA F pN qC  OzCkDp@
F koqA PvkEZ DF D Dv  v DF Co q ,kp pC r@
j@@F@N @Cl@qp@ ,r@@ C qC x@J  l@z@ @qp@v oD@ A
⁽³⁰⁾((.llz
: l   EDO ok p
qC Co cpW  l Co DoCp ,lkCk Pwz Co DA  DA DF O))
F O .l SCo CO  l Mo   l@p@G@ @@F
mC F rV CDh b F  l ok kpJ ,llvo  A DOD@C
Dzp ok aA rV lp Co DA CCqC rZ  l@ koC @
⁽³¹⁾ ((... PvC
:kp V ok Dpok pz qC J  l  kw
HN Co DoCp  l DGk Co D  l@@ Co p@@vC ...))
ok kpJ lD S Co DO  l Mo @@ ,l@@@@
⁽³²⁾ ((...l
:PvC lA Z GC X olOw ok
DC ok ,koCr q F Co dv xp  l MoD Co D ...))
⁽³³⁾ ((PvCDC ok PwF Co yCDh Eok x p .PvC
Co HD C DV  ok C EDeC  wC  C p@@C
CpF  DwF  lkp Do Co D  DoCp  l@kp@ P@D@o
C DF  lOzCl oD ,llz vO Ozq Dd F kh MD@W@
A F r zk  lOzCn DFkh qC DkpCV  oD oD@
qC D Fp  lz  DOvCk q C ok .lk C@
 ok D F  lvpN wC  @ D@FqoD@G@  ko@hp@F
d C F  kp kohpF wC  @ D@F ,@@ @O@i@@A
Cr  l Co kh pz  Dd ok wC  Mpd.k
Pp Piv  NC pF  D  Oo V ,lDhpZ Pvk ok
qC Co kh D Fp ,l DN Co C oD DN kCk Pp@d Co @G@vC 
Mo  C F kp lF Co DDJ PhClC q F HvC o
C F Co kh PJ  lCkppFo C qC wC  D@C .l@z p@D@ C
⁽³⁴⁾ .PipC  lkp
 k yo vC Pd CpC F  zoz DoC FpwF 
F kpG Cl ok PzCl MCpV ,kp rp@@h  P@@@
ok Co wC   DC  oDG  kpF wC   DF FD@
DC  lz pok wC  DC DF Po C p @F ,l@k Cl@@
kp  Co kh Mo pwF  PhClC q F Co C wC 
⁽³⁵⁾ .kp oCp C  PwF p Co kh Z wC DC 
A P Co DdpW ,yCD v DV ok wC @@@ D@C
N ok o Co p loDZ Cp V ok wC @ Mp@@d
.P Co DA  kDOvp DDG  CC F lOzCk
Co yCDh Eok  PzCn q F Co @d@v @ x@ p@ 
F Pwz qC xJ Co V EDeC qC p  kF DC ok ,PwF
.kp Do kh Dd F ,lkF lrh pF ok CDh
qC xJ dDo x F   kCk kD kh EDeC F Co D@N @C 
D Dzo qC A qC xJ kDq F   VD F Pw@z
.lkp PDo Co ECkA C ,kp Epv Co