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Cp , ,V
DF wC  DC DV CpJ klO p qC CCp MD@Co
C   FClOFC PvC lvo D F oD  vD  SD@
 DC ko ok  v A CpJ TkDdC qC  F xKv  MD
.oDzC C V  wC
lOw V EDeC DA .lOw Dzl D Dz DJ SD@
PF  kF w Ce F lkp PF wC  DC DF 
DC qC k A  D  k PF kp Cp F r p@@Fq  kp@
oDF wC  DC ,lOp qDVC pF Oo CpF wC @@@
p loCl p l Dz kp k A F  Pp PF DA qC p@k
DC DF V CpF  k  DC DF Co kh PF  lkohw@ k
.lOo pF F wC 
lk Ov wC  DC DF V ok  lOw Dw @vD@
MD qC w .lOw C CoD  D   EDe@C D@@A
PCl  kp oV ,Oo oDF kDO @ k @F @ P@vC kCl@C
.lqo
lz UoDh k qC  llz UoDh k qC  lOw Dw oD@
.PvC UoCh DA qC k lD lN  kp qDWN A qC 
:kp  lz  DpC qC Tld ok
pC ,vD  oD  SD DF V F Cp@ () Cl@h @vo))
⁽¹⁾(( PvC kp
PvC kp a 
 vD  SD DF  Op D@J @ qC () Cl@h @vo))
SD kp?lD SD lz p Mpd A F .WF oD@
⁽²⁾ ((lOw Dz C ,vD  UoCh ,oD  V EDeC
PvC lA () Clh vo qC Sld ok 
 DF f , C ,N DF f  PvC  DF V N DF V  D))
⁽³⁾ (( PvC
:kp 
⁽⁴⁾ (( lV Ap rN pF   S lV Ch Ap DN pF N))
: PvC lA Tld ok 
⁽⁵⁾ (( DF d  PvC d DF ))
p))  ⁽⁶⁾ ((kkp DW p CkpF  DF Co d D@Cl@h)) 
Clh DF l zkN DF x p  PvC lV Clh DF lWF N DF x
⁽⁷⁾ ((PvC kp zk
 p oClF zk  koCk Pvk Co  x p oClF Pvk DClh)) 
m  l oDCo C  Co x@ A @ oD@  P@vC @@zk Co C
 ko ok TkDdC C ⁽⁸⁾ ((l oCh Co C  p Ckp@@F
.PvC wC 
V V
V qC G vDv MDpeN
O F Co   kpF W DS ,v h Dh F F@C :C
.lDvo
G Co Ph C C DF l PF wC   DF kp :DDR
Cp F r pFq  kpPF  PvC w C e  kp@
.l PF kp
CpC Co C  Oz pFq F Dz qC pv CD D@ :D@S@D@R
CpF  Op PFDz C qC C CpF  l  l ED@h
  F koA o kDJ C F  kp PF C qC lF @e@@
.lrhpF DS Cih F  lChk A qC  lk Co pF
oDOvCh Co pF   P wC  DC qC  pFq  @e@@
C DF  PvChD ,lkF Cp   HD  F  lk@F
lCO wC  DC DN lDF klO Co DC DF PDi rCp kDJ
.lWF DA  DF
qDVC wC  DC qC p F Oo CpF p@Fq  @e@@ :D@@FCo
 loCl p NDz lDp A F wC  DC .lCh
PF k A qC k oDF CpF wC  DC  loh @w@ k A
.kp
PF D h pF  orF  l DkC pFq  e :Dw@D@h
qC Co kp lw,kF  ok  D C C F  lCkp@
.koClF qDF wC   DF PF
V  ok DA C Dp  oD  Di  :DvkDv
,d F Cp ,DSCoCroD ,D ,pFq  e) l@@z@
F p F ClG xKv (...C F tF  lG  DS Clqp@
.lA lChDOvCk  ko 
kDOC  NDGN DkDOvC   kh WN rp qC :DFD@v
V ,CC DWA ok  kFDDw lz  lA rp , Cpq lD
.lA lCh eN  l kDA  rW Co kh  kp oA
 PDi C lCkp kCpC DoDGp  kD@O@vC @v :D@@D@R
CC  kF() pGDJ pw  qC D C F oD
 lkp EDh okD Co C ,p  l kDO@vC @v @k@F
Co kp () Clh vo CpF DkFFDe C DF ,pFq  e@
.lGp
C DOw qC pOF kClN oAV Cp@F @@D@ :D@@vD@N
() pGDJ pwk qC  l Cpiv wC  DC DF PDi
 e Cp F  lCh v C  EDiC Fp pOhk d
 DC DF PDi k A Cp Oo DFd .lDF pF F p@@Fq
vo qC  Co SkDdC  .l Pe Co D  kp ko Co wC
uoDJ V qC .kz C oA kD ,lkF lz  DF k p@ ()Cl@h
pF kh N qCC  l krz C F Co ECd Dv kp@
Dv lvo ECd  F  O pF Co ok  kkp@@
 e  kp PqDFF N C  kp uoDJ C pF DW@A
F pk p DWJ  Pw ECd  C  loh w p@@Fq
.lk MkDzH C pF ok
C .lvo wC   F  ok DDGN  MDpeN pGh :CpzD
D Cp F pF F pvCpF  A N F Fp oDGhC v
 C  PvDA DF rp F pD F ClG C  lDvo@ C @F Co
Co  ,lOw C Cih DA  C  OwCk Co DS D@A
.lk pGh DC F
wC   Cp F  l PGo @@v C :p@@ l@dC
 lF  lDFpF D FD ok vDv Ppd  CF
C F p ypwJ  lA ()pGDJ Dq Uph qC ⁽⁹⁾Ap@ @A
Co H C  lWF wC  EDo ok DN lOvp Co @v
.lw wC  DC CpF
pF ok wC   D lvo F Dz DJ :p@ D@@RC
A DGlF  .klFDA pF Co Co  lA pF @d @F D@@S@
oCkkh V qC wC   ko DN C F l eD@
.l
 kp pvC Co C  kCk Hp Co d F DS D@@G@z qC @@ ok
lp C OF N  l Co No D l Wz
kCDh qC Co C DOC l ok yokCpF  l llN Co DA C 
DC PF p F  lD@o Co C Cn@  P@p@ l@C@h D@A
,dpW pF   lz pok DWA DDG DF  lo w
DC PF pF  l Co pOF D DA qC p kDO F  p Z
OhCDC PF wN ko ok  l MoD Co A  lz w
Co yokCpF  C  lV C p  lG @@d D@F  l@@@@
.l
F  l Cr ,kp CpF qD ok PDC ko ok p@Fq  @e@@
kp CpF eF le pk qo  pFq F ClG qo  @@C
.kF PvDo CpF Cr ,qD pv pF Cr .lvo CN F ,lCiF qD
qC  oDC  pVD qC p Cp F wC   :p RR
l Ppd l qC,()Clh vo pk EDeC  olF V
F nFo F lvo qC xJ  lvpF V EDeC F koCk @N 
Cp F DWA qC  lCOzn DA  kzV@O@ @@  @@
F Co p  lA kp oD m ok @w@C @@@ D@C .ko@
V qC   kp DF DA  lpF  kp qC DN lOvp@@
.l Ppd pF p F pOzC D
V DOvCk
CD ,Cp qC PqDF qC lF wC  @ D@@@p@@C
,yCDvDV  Dh  Ph  ()pGDJ PS@F @Cp@@J
V CpJ Co Mpd  qC iF DWC ok .Pz Dz CpF
.oA V
DF lO k A .lkF pFq  e kp PF  DF  w C...))
O  zDF pzN DF Pd ok  A pF  PF N
pF  lOw  CoD ,DCN ok   Dpz ,CN ok Dz  ,@
oGW Co DA  lOo oDF pq pC  lkpPF  DF uDvC C
  e .kp oGW r Co Cpk  oD@@ kp@@@
DA F Co DV k A P  ll O PvCh Co Cpp@@Fq
F .lOzCk PDhl  lOp qDVC p CpF  qC @k@@
 Dq  llDvpN , pF Co C kF  z p F  Oo D Cp@v
DC ok   DDC OvD loCk OvD,pF    D@C qC
DA MkDz C D   lpe@ qo  qD@@ qC @@d
.PvC kp  MkDz FD q k MkDz  kG k okrV
N DA CpF Co CC  Ckp  kpF pF F Co DA pD F ClG
kh ClC PvF Co D ,pFq  e @ D@@@ A ok .kp@
kp kh pKv Co C ,k A  kp pGo Co k A r C llD
pw .lkp k C aA qC pNDF DZ llV C DJ ok 
C pF Clh  Co FDWd  kpF pF yC@D@h qC Co ()Cl@h @vo
Clh DF  lkp PD DDDh ok Co kh Dq  llokkF l
kh F A PqDF PvC rZ v .lkp  DC F C vo 
pF DNkh F Dz O@v kp@ C :P@vC k@p@ Cl@h P@vC kp@
⁽¹¹⁾ kkp pF C kiF lFDJ xp :kp  ⁽¹⁰⁾ kkp
⁽¹²⁾ Pw OwDz A C F ,rV p :PvC kp r 
lkq p  F  kp  Cp PF  kp Uph  pF p@ k A
pODWz  pFFCpOhk D ,kp pNnD  pND@ @F @
  lz OG ,ClG F e ,kp pNqN  pFq ,kp
pC w CliF .kp  Co DA pDk D DGOJ DF @G@@ @F
F  xKv .kCk Ch oCp w  Co C D kp@@F oD@
 lkF OW  PD  PF pF pF C  Dd okllA pF
.lkFw D  Clh D CoCk rh DWA ok  Dz
 DF l   z DJ F   DF PDi@ @F Co kp@ D@@A
 lkp oCkCp F Co C kp PDC Co DA x@p@ l@kp@ M@k
DA DF GV F d .lO Co C kp PDi D@A D@F @ x@p@
MkDz F pF ok ClhDlF qC p kDO D@F Co C ,kp@ @@FD@@
OwF J Pvk DGdD Co DA  kF D Pdq qC C .l@l@D@vo
QoDd F lr .kF OwF J pOz S DOvk N llD@@
lvpOF Clh qC P k A F  l PF DA DF l pDd p@@
V F Co D DOC ok llz o PF F Co D@ D@@z ,qD@A ok
HD iz pF  kp lN Co l  lCi D qC .lD
C  .kp PF wC   DF  PvCo Pvk @@ MD@@
yCh xJ lpF Co A lChpC P@vC kCqA @ L@Z P@vk
PvDhpF N d F ClG  (C pF Clh Pdo) kp C  lkp
 D C oA P ?vDz Co D C DA e C:P@ 
Co AO CiF P ?PwZ A ok Ck P@ .@N @F P@vC
DS O F Mk Co C  kF Op H DS @F A ok l@C@h
.lkp pF pF qC Co C DA .kF kp
yCS  Op Hp DF Co oDC d F DS@ ,@ @D@ 
.ll Co No  pv D   lkp
Co p  Wz DF  XolN F Co p .lO Cp D@@@z 
MD F  ADN DC  DF  ,pz DF Co p  p  @d
,lkF O DA qC p  DN pC lv CliF lOo oD@kop@J
rpF Co p  h kFqDW  kF cDG  pF D@A @@ @h
Cl qC F DA onF Dlz O O F DA PDo @l@F
xJ .Pp DA qC Co Mol Clh  lO Co C kFlz koC DA pF 
.kDF D  pF d Pdo qC ok
Co ()Clh vo iv pFq F  P pN DF Cp Co e@@ D@C
 C F N  Ddok lV Ch  DF N kp  lz oAkD
Ckp
o qC  kF kp  Ppd qC Co C ()Clh @vo ,@@D@ D@C
.lrF Co Ovk kh  pF DJ
ok D kp C P  kp Cpiv ,lvo oD m F O e@ 
A qC Co C CihF rV  lz HNp D@h D@@S@ ko@
PvC  kp F C h  PvC ND wC    o
 Fo Dew   pO Cp@@F CoCk @@qp@v @F 
lvo  F pFq Pzq iv  C iv O .lA kp ,p D
 kCk Dw () le A  le F  kDOvp DJ k A@F
pDe Co DSp C  D  lkG p k Dz @C D@A
DF rV D pGF kp C wF Co D lO  llA  kr l@k@F kp@
Co C do omFC C Ck  Z.F Co C CN N @
 lz lCo  Co DC FC F d  kq O Co oD ,kp l@G@N
Co vD G F l  kCk DJ ,kF p  pFFC  ()pGDJlGN
A DN kp w AppF Co on p FlDh  koDF Clh EDO pF
O F qpC DC Ck Co DC  O  .lCqwF  kp oDJ Co
CpOC  lN Cp DO k A ...kF kr  oCl@ p@@ C
C Eh ,lOw DS h HD  p k Dz iv DC  lkp
Co DzolJ h lk qDVC k A F lv  p ,D@S@p@w@J k
pF FCV kA .lCkF C F DC  qC N  lvC G .lCiF
vo FDe Crh d F Cp xKv .lOzCl@ @i@v @C
 PDC qC Co D kh PF DFp k Dz :P  PvDh ()Cl@h
DN kF Dz Dh Dz qd PvC Co C PF F Clh Cpq l UoD@h
p k Dz DF C  A DF PvC HW .lOo C Ckr @F @@A
qC  loCkqDF D qC Co kh xJ ,lA Dz Cp F  PzCk @O@hC
HD  w p DkpF D .lkppF lkF lA  @Co D@@
pFq  e  kF Cir Dz PF C  O@w@@ ,k@z
.llz p  lOp Co C O N
.kpz  Co V  kp  ,Ppd p@w@ ok @@D@
qC ,xF P kq Cl Co p H F ClG yCl@w@@
.HD FC F  F pFFC pOhk D
D kz oDV A pF   PvC rZ C P Cl@@G@
C  koA DCpNkq HD FC F  Cpq P@ ?Cp@Z P@@
D DA  pz C DF Co D lDF PV lF  PvC Dw@
F  ,lF DC pFFC pOhk D qC HDFCF  F xF P
vCok N Pl  FDv  Ow DV ()Clh vo DF N h
 .Ck Cl ()Clh vo Co ok  Co DOi@v @F Co
l ,oCkpF Pvk k CqC pC lA pF Clqp Pe Cp@F
.Pz r pk CCp DOGe ,oCl N DF V
phDN F C DF V CpF Co A jvD@J  kCl@ EC@V Co C @D@ @
F  lz qpJ  kp  kCoC  CpF lClh  A DN OhClC
kh DV  oClDp Co uDG F ClG  kp Ppd  p
 v F DOiz   lz koC F  kCk oCp p@@F ok
⁽¹³⁾ .((...Dz qC rV llA
iF ok MCDw
Co w CC DS  p h pF wC   D pC
okD ,kF kCk DS Co C .kp qN DwN F DA F
pk pF Co xa  kp wN Dw o F Co DCPF  kp
Dw qC F lz OiCpF  koqA TDFpC C .kCl fVp@N
A pVC  kF D vC ok CFDv  P@ k@h Cp@F @ l@z
O pC wC DC p qC  Dd ok lOvCh D@kok
ok A yCkDJ  pVClzDF w CpF vC ok PGv D  DC PV F
.PvC MphA
F pl pF kCpC kCl fVpN  MCDw PDo ok wC  @
.lkp Ap DG pF  kp ClOC ()Clh vo
F PGw Co DvC Clqp  kp@ p@@ Cl@h ED@O@ ok @))
⁽¹⁴⁾ ((OD pNpF  P CoCk DevC Clqp
V qC  llk MoDwh  lkp op oDwF ,Mpd PvDv C qC
lO  llA wC Mpd A kr F Cn@  p@@Fq  @e@@
N J D  Ck N Co D Oiv  oD@O@p@  Cok D@C))
pF  Co d  kp cC Co DCdC lF D F rZ DN lA
G ok  CC qC Dz :kp wC DC @@@ CkC ,P@vD@
pw    Co A qC oCl p lOw D pC lOw@@
VDOdCG ok N D F D :lO k A .wF Dz CpF l@zD@F
rZ D F DCPF qC lO ?F Z xJ :kp Mpd .oCl
PF ok Ovk Z  C DeGv:kp Mpd A .PvC xF Co D lF
DA C  oCk rh   PvC w A qC CC C .oCk D@C
qC lCh oCl p  lpF pG pF l@C@h@p@C @O@w@
A pFd Z   k   lkCk qDVC pC lGF DDw
HD  pDd qC C w @@ qC C@C A @ @D@d ok .oCk
.((...PvC
lv  p FC .llz opO wC  DC yo C qC r Cp@k
HD  lA C kr F rpk kClN  pFFC Clqp  D FC F
.lkF pOF D
qo .kCl fVpN w pF r Co kh PF C  kCDh Mp@@d A
.kp kp Cpiv oDC  pVD CpF l ok
Dph hDz  CkD z D DOCC   qC Co D@z ...))
kp ok Clqp  khqC l p DA .Pw  CpF EpS ok
 MCDw F lv  Dv F  lv CliF ?k Dz F 
Cp N :P  PvDhpF HD FC F  ,MpdA okCpF .
wC DC ?k oCp Dw l DDv qC D@@v @ D@F
PGe Pw N rV w DWC DA l Pdo Co N Clh F :kp
⁽¹⁵⁾ ((oCk N D FDvF rV   pNpF Z N ?l
HdD  lz  D C ,wC DC pCh qC  r C@ 
:PvC Z ,kp  Co A olOw