• IMAM KHOMEINI’S RISE AGAINST CAPITULATION, AND HIS DEPORTATION TO TURKEY:
On the other side, the Shah, with his usual vanity, and thinking that the killings, arrests and trials had removed the major resistance force, persisted, under pressure by America, in carrying out the White-House-dictated reforms. These reforms were, eventullay to result in all-around influence of America in Iran and the direct presence of agents of that country in economy, army and the Regime. Therefore, a first step to this direction was to remove all legal obstacles to the presence of American armed forces in Iran and to guarantee their security and absolute freedom of action. Revival of Capitulation (diplomatic and consular immunity for American citizens in Iran) entered the program. Theapproval in the puppet Majlis of the Capitulation Bill and in the Senate was the final shot at Iran’s dying independence. Severe suppression of the challengers, their imprisonment, exile and the Shah’s Martial Law had all but suffocated the breaths and none dared oppose. In this adventure, too, Imam Khomeini, insisting on his own historic mission, undertook, another uprising. The fourth of Aban, Shah’s birthdate, was selected as the revelation day (Huge sums were spent each year for celebrating the birthday of the Shah), and its news were despatched by letters and messages to the Ulema in the cities by the Imam. The Shah, to prevent a speech by the Imam on this date and as a threat to him sent a representative to Qum. The Imam did not receive Shah’s representative. The Shah’s message was delivered to Ayatullah Haj Agha Mustafa (Imam’s eldest son).
But, on said date, Imam Khomeini, not minding the threats of the Regime, made one of his most lasting speeches at a large meeting of the clergy and people from Qum and other cities. This historic speech was, in fact, a court-trial of the unlawful interference in Islamic Iran by the ruling body of America and revelation of the Shah’s treasonous acts. The Imam’s speech opened with the following sound and firm sentences: “....our honor has been trampled on, Iran’s grandeur is smeared. They took a law bill to the Majlis; in which we were joined up to the Vienna pact....all American militaiy advisors and their families, their technical and administrative employees, and servants...are exempt from trial for any crime they commit in Iran... Gentlemen, I am warning. 0 Army of Iran, I declare danger, Oh Iranian politicians, I declare danger! By God;, he who does not ciy out, sins; he who does not cry out, commits cardinal sin. O heads of Islam, save Islam! 0 Ulema of Najaf 0 Ulema of Qum save Islam!!”
It was in this speech that Imam Khomeini voiced his famous statement as follows: “....America worse than England, England worse than Soiet union and soviets worse than both!! Each worse than the other; each fouler than the other...but today, we are engaged with them, with their impurities, with America. Let the U.S. President know that he is the most hateful to our nation....all of our troubles are from America, from this israel and Israel is from America!!
On this day (4th of abaan) Imam Khomeini issed a revolutionary announcement, and in it he said: "Let the world know that all the troubles the Iranian and the Musslim nations have, is from America, from the foreigners. The Islamic nations hate foreigners in general, and America in particular. It is America that supports Israel and its friends. It is. America that empowers Israel to make Muslim Arabs homeless...”
The revelation of the Imam against approval of the capitulation bill, put Iran on the verge of another uprising in Aban 1343. But the Shah’s Regime, making use of the experience of the 15th Khordad event, and suppression of the uprising, quickly acted. On the other hand, at this time, a large number of prominent religious and political figures who had defended Imam’s uprising were either in prison or in exile. Some of the reference authorities (marajae) who early in the uprising had entered the challenge, gradullay deemed it expedient to remain silent and leave the scenes, a condition that lasted until the victory of the Revolution in 1357 (1976). On the other hand, according to documents published after the triumph of the Islamic Revolution, persons like Agha Shariatmadari made use of their influence at this time (Aban 1343), and tried to make their supporters assume silence, and decline their support for Imam’s call. The essential danger to the Shah’s Regime was Imam Khomeini, whom, they failed to silence, inspite of all their trickes. He was now the beloved leader known to all challengers and he was also Reference Authority to many people. Past experience showed that his detention in the country increased the difficulties of the Regime, many times. An attempt at his life was evaluated useless, as, it would pave the way for an uncontrollable revolution throughout the country. Finally, it was decided to deport him.
At dawn of the 13th Aban, 1343, again, the commandos sent from Tehran put seige to Imam Khomeini’s house in Qum and, surprisingly, as it was last year, they arrested the Imam while saying his overnight prayers and supplications. His holiness the Imam was taken directly to Mehrabad airport, and put on board a military aircraft, under military cover and protection, and flown to Ankara. That afternoon Savak announced the Imam’s deportation on charges of actions against the security of the country, in the newspapers. Notwithstanding the atmosphere of strangulation a wave of protest in the form of demonstrations in the Tehran Bazaar, lengthy closure of theologic Assemblies lessons, dispatch of scrolls and letters to international agencies and reference authorities was carried out.
Ayattulah Haj Agha Mustafa Khomeini (son of Imam) was arrested the same day that his father was deported. He was jailed and after sometime, on the 13th of Dey, 1343 he was deported to Turkey where the Imam was. The Imam’s exile period in Turkey was hard and brittle. He was even forbidden to wear his own clergy attire. But neither spiritual nor physical pressures could make him compromise. The Imam’s first residence was room no 514, 4th floor, at Hotel Bulevard Pallace, in Ankara. Next morning in order to keep his whereabouts secret, they moved him to an other place on Avenue Ataturk. Several days later, (the 21st of Aban 1343), to make him even more isolated, and to sever all communications, again, the Imam was taken to the city of Bursa located 46 kilometers west of Ankara. During this period the possibility of any political action was not available to Imam Khomeini as he was constantly under direct surveillance by agents sent from Iran and by Turkish security men.
The stay of Imam Khomeini in Turkey lasted 11 months. During this period the Shah’s Regime ruthlessly smashed tile last vestiges of resistance in Iran and, in the absence of Imam, they hurriedly effected the reforms that America wanted. Under pressure of the people, the Regime was several times, compelled to let representatives of the Ulema go visit the Imam, to be sure about his health. Meanwhile, the Imam wrote letters to his relatives and to the Ulema in the theologic Assembly, and by signs and hints and hidden indications, in the form of prayers, reminded them of his steadfastness in carrying on the challenge, and asked for books on prayers and “Fiqh”. The forced stay of the Imam in Turkey gave him the opportunity to compile and edit (tadwin) the large book of Tahriral Wasila. In this book which contains the jurisprudential (Fiqh) decrees of the Imam, the decrees concerning (Crusade) Jihad, defense, interdicting evil and enjoining to good, and other daily problems were discussed, for the first time in those days, those which were forgotten religious duties. However, it must be mentioned that the Jurisprudential opinions of Imam Khomeini in (Fiqh) jurisprudence and Principles were embodied in various works by him, years before the ascension of Ayatullah Borujerdi. Reference will be made to them later herein, in the section introducing the works of the Imam.