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lFCh  koh DN  lq  lClF  lvDF Co kh lDF pF
 Pw pnJ DDJ lq F Pw Con DV C qo lZ
. ko  D qC p  p
koCk   kD, do  wV DlqD wv  Dw@C
pF DV kCpC qC p  kz o V Ovk lq DF lDF 
lzDF OzCk D  dCr A F kqClC  oDF  kD Dv D@F
CpF  kpF pwF CoA  DvA DF Co DV@C qo l@@Z @l@q
D pF DV ok lDF xJ koCkpF zN pk Co DV @l@q
 pA  Mp DF  lzDF DV Clh kCoC FD  kzCp@VC
zqoC qClDF  lFkh DV ok x p D C HVF , lk
DN Cpk eF lN qC  Pvk , kpF pF koCk DV ok 
ok  okCpF  DF   lCkp d kCoC wN p@hD@F  k@z
. vC Mk h PvC C . lzDF pFCpF PCl  d FD

lz  FC DF Mk Dw
DOvpJPF p DF Mk ClOFC ok A   C pC pG@J
G  PzCk oD  pv( kF ykh  DC pNHO  ) DV
OvpJPFDF  k Mk OvpJD  ldOF CpDA C oO@vk
.kp qoDG
:kp oDzC  F pq DA ok DO Clh
Eo leC ,lC i @kD@ @ C @C  @e@C @))
 DV D ,Ck  lN nClGC C P C  .@D@@C
A @  ov) ((DC Ep vC C MpC  Fo  MD@@G@C
(66
rV Pw Co  pF Co p  Clq PvC (Clh) C :VpN @h
p Cpq l Dh CCpF Co kh k  lCiF Co C xJ P@w@@ C
DDV oDkopJ  PvC DO@ Cl@h A qC D@@R  @D@O@v
.lzDF
 F Clh HDV qC  lCz  k :F DDF D kD@O@vp@ C
pC  lCkp lOvpJ Co Clh rV Dw Ovp@J qC l@@vo
.zDF DDV oDkopJ oCkpGDp  Ckp
DF DOvpJPF qC Ozn pFCpF ok wN  Mk k @i@F ok 
F Co DA C oOvkG  PzCk oD pv r uW  oD  k
Clh kCoC F DN  PvCh DC qC  k Mk vC
lD lqDw pk DClh D Clh FDok  lz wN D@O@
lF D qC CpDA kp  Clh CpGJ qC @hp@F oD@Fok @@A
CpzC  DCpDp  HCn DCJ lD pk Dw D lpFpNDF
rV pz  lF PDCCpq l PDC pz  lF m EDFoC 
:lDp oDzC  F m A ok DO Clh .krw Co Clh
 CC lG  C F  DF Cv  C CDN EDOC C D ))
C CN D C k DFDFoC DF DF niO   Dz F p 
(64 A @ Cp A ov) ((w DDF ClzC
ok Dz  D lDF :F kCk oCp HDi Co EDO C :VpN h
Co D Clh PwC A  zDF OzCk @ D@@NC @i@v @
Co pk F D qC F  l oCp  pz Co ldC  OvpKF
EDO C pC ,p lClh (pz  lFPDC D  v@F)
wN D  lzDF lDz :lF DDF lOpnK Co kD@@@J @C
.( PhDv Ch  Co yo C  ) Ow ClhDp

Mk  PDvo qDA
 PDvo Dp  kF Cpd oD ok A   C  pC pG@@@J
ov DF Owi CpF PzCk PDok DO Clh HDV qC Co M@k
 lkp r oDKwo Mpe@A  l@z qD@  p@F ( p@C ) @@
C pG Wlh kh Cp pw ()  F Co kh PoD
.llz D vC ok PGv oDiODF koA DC DA  kCk
 PzCl PoD oD qDA ok A   C  p@C p@G@@@@J
ypnJ lC DwqC DN  lk CkC D kh @@ M@l@F
.lkF koA vC Cl HNpN lF  kp Mk PzCk

   Mk
lz oD Dv v Ozn qC xJ A   C  pC pG@@J
ClDh lz oD Pwi  oD C ok  l @ Co k@h
Clh DZ ,Co Cpk xKv  lCiF d k F Co k@h @kr@
:lDp DO
D@ D@C .@@p@@@C @ p@C  p@@N D@@F l@D@))
(94 A @pWd ov)((rOwC
CkpF o Dp qC  D oDzA Co kh PoD : VpN @h
:lDp  o N Co Dl CrOvC pz D Cpq
(241 A @ Cpz ov)((FpC Np onC ))
.DvpOF (Clh ECn qC)Co kh kr ClDh :VpN h

Mk wV C
kld ok ) Co kh D h oDF C,  Mk CpF pG@@@@J
Co DA xW C ok lCh DF h Dh F( lkF p Z
F  DV  P  w  ok  kp M@k l@@d@O@F
DA Mk qC xJ  HNpN C DF PhDvpOw  e Co() HDFC
: kp MG  ldOF
 pq   l oD Cp  kpnKF Cp@ M@k @ @w@ @@C
PF p ok  kpoCpN Co  C oDF v  kF lCh  D@V
 kCl jvDJ pk w wC @@@ H@D@@@FC @F @@ r@V
oDC Co kh kDA  ypnJ PvDhpF oDF p ok @@Cp@@C
 DV    qC lF N: kp Mpd v oDF qC xJ k@p@
piw DF  lOvDhpF CpDd F  C ok !Ow  pq
PDC kh lqp qC lqp qC C qC xJ lDF N lO HDFC F
A   C  pC pGJ A qC xJ . llz pO 
ok A p  Xd v ok  kp  DGk Co k@h @@@ M@k
PD DF  lk Mk ldN lF Co kp,  DW
Cpv  lz  VC ECpC DdpF  Dd C x  Piv
Wz  oCqA b qC  CpJ  MpeA d okkp D  p
HDFC C  C FD ok, lkp  D@N@ P@D@C 
kp  zD F xo  A   C  pC pGJ @@
 O  upN qC oD . kp PDd D MpeA qC kF nO@
DDw F PGw  lkp  oCkkh  @O@@ qC @@V
DV Wz pq ok DDw DwF Z lOzCk Co oCqA  W@@z
. lkpKv 
lvo DCiOvDF koD  DDw qC V  lvo DWF oD@
pN Co kh  MpdA qDVC DF lOzCk DCN F  @  k@F
kGF oOF lZ qC xJ  , lkp MpVD Gd @F  @O@@
Gd F oDFk llk pN OzA Co DCZ  lOp@F D@C
MpVD DA CpF DDw qC r pk p@  @O@@p@F
. lkp

zD F eN
llA  J N Co qC D lkrC  kh oDF @Z p@ oD@@
lv  , DG phDF PzCl Mpd A N ok pRD@N
iv , l FCo  ( MpeA G ) zD F D@F @ l@l@z
h C ok  , ll  lppOhk , l lOv  kCk , l@@@
ok qC  F prD zD F , lOiA G F Oz C Dl@
 Xo DF Dv v  llz lDJ HD@@FC H@@zD@@F @@ D@
C pRC ok Dv @v qC x@J  l@l@@Con@ up@N  @@@vp@
 kF koh lkF OiA G ok oD  Co C D lDDo@
N okoD lkp  P CpA llA  F   pD@@
. llA pF eN qC zD F  llz Pwv kh
kF DvA HV ld DN HDFC Hz qC zD F l@A p@@F
kolF kF MpeADd D  HDFC D lZ @@D@@F @
, Pzn ok r  Cp pw pG Wlh  P @l@q
FD ok w pk  lz PivoDwF MpeA pF oD H@G@v @l@F
PC a  PzCl Co Mpd A qC oClp CoD p llN
. kG Dok DV

D F Mpd A MpDw
 kr ok  D F A   C  pC pGJ DC C ok
 kp Mk ldNlF Co DDv A kp  k MpDw PvC
lOhClC  DWF kp peN Co kp D ,  Cpv  nO@
oDZD . lk CoDGv phDF kp PDCCo Mp@@e@A r@@ D@A
Nl  lk PqDF  wF  O pN Co D Mpe@A
. lOzCk PDC DV PC lF ok
DOdC pGh  llk Co vC rCqo PpJ Z @p@ oD@@
N llzl F CoA   C  pC pG@@J Mp@W@
CpF  lk NDh kh oDOp F MpeA O DF  l@O@p@
DFe ok N C OhDv 
lkCk Co Mo qC xJ  llz V kF oz rp  lC oCk
Ovl  kkp MpeAO krD lA oD kp  G p@ qC @
Co MpeA Dh DGz kz  O Ckp C qC  p @@Z
Co C . lDvpF OF Co  Oio DiF Hzk ok kp pDe@
zD F qC ,lz Op @N A oD@F ok  l@@vo H@@@O@F
.lz oD C krD kF MpeA   HFCr

l F A   C  pC pGJ MpW
kp pC  PhDv pGh DF kp N qC Co kh pGJ DO Cl@h
pC pGJ lDMpW lF O pN Co  H@z D@@ @
DpV qC Co A   C  HDFC F  A  @ C @@
ko pF C DN lFCiF  pOwF ok Co Hz kp pC  PhDv 
 ok qo lZ l O DGz aDZ 
ko DGdDF lOzCk pGJ J kp  Co DODC  ,lD N
pOwF ok DGz wC  . kz l oDKwo A qC xJ  l@@
PvCpd  d DF Dl pDe D qC   lFCh Mp@e@A
Po pF Clh
ok  oD ok ok OzCkpF kh DF r Co C  kohpF pF FC F Co ok 
qC  kp  qo vqC xJ  llz DJ kF  kr oR @
? lkp Ppd l wF llz uD  lz ClJ

vC PpJ q
Cp,lz lD l DlF  ,EpS pz ok vC PpJ q
D ok DDv  hCkV qC l C  kF C GGv  ,l@A
pF phDF .lkF lA OwF kF DJpF Uorh  uC orF @G@ k
oDO F HNpN lF kp EDiOC DzkDJkh Cp@F @ l@kD@O@C
lkDOvp F Co kh DvDzpv qC V oD C CpF ,lk NDh
 kF Dq C C  ,l Mo  C Cpv DF oDF C okDN
.kF kp D kh Mk F A   C pC pGJ
ok p Cpv DF Co kh l llvo F O l DvDzp@v
DDv C ok le PvCNl  on C F p Cpv lkD D
D DCV  l CrvD Co D ul DClh  l MG @k
Mo ok Ppz qC ,koCk y Co D oDC l@@ l@vD@ Co
DoDF  Co l C @i@v @C l@@@z .l@kq qD@F p@v D@@C
DF  kCk  DN lkF lz k qC  ok Co C G oMoD@F
Z qC lGF Co A   C pC pGJ  PhClC p@
Co Div  llvo MpeA oeF O ,lz  N@k
Dv  lkCk l  lkoA DC lkCky Ap MDF  llz
Cp Co vC PpJ MDl lA l kp qC V D@F p@@k
pF D Hz lA F l Cpv qC ODV pk Dv.lqD@v
 lOwF l lkp PF  MD MpeA DF Nh DV p@@z
ko lF MpeA pC  l@@k UCo @@l@ ok Co @vC @k
Dzk pFCpF ok MpeA qCl Dk kh ClDh qC  oD
.lD Dk
vC k F l C pSC lOpF lF PDV C A qC xJ
pC qC ,lkp vCpz Owi l pz  ll@z p@@
llz Co A   C pC pGJ Dp pN pGh O@
 lODOz Npd DGOvDF qDF yA DF  FDNFD DF l@z kD@z
Co khD  DV h PD DF  lOzCk Cp Co MpeA l@
oDC PGvD F  ,lOzCn  oDOhC ok vC PpJ Cp@F
.llz lD
  C pC pGJ MpW  F kh  ok DO Clh
:lD CkolDA qC kp oDzC oDC MDlh F   A
  C pVD  Ge G  DC  oClC CG@N @n@C))
F D  wC pR CNC D VDd ol  lW
( 9 A @ pd ov) ((Dh
CpF Co Dh CpVD qC J  (oDC) D@A  : @@Vp@N @@h
F  Co DDwDC lkp PN Co DC  lOhDv DD@@w@
  qD Dd ok loCk Pvk lkp MpVD@ D@@@v
pF Co Cpk ,NPvk kV DF lOzClkF CpVD Pvk ok a@F
.lOzCk l kh

l ok A   C  pC pGJ oCpOvC
V DWolN  lz pOw l ok A   C pC pG@@@J
 Dh qC lkFoD Wz pq ok   DD@@@w@ qC p@@S@
l F r oDC lkp MpVD lF OzCkpF Pvk kh l@q
.lkoA F DCqC p CpnJ kp D kh
 kp DF l ok Co GClWw A   C pC pG@@@J
kDOvp CpC F vCG  ,lz OhDv XolN F pk lVDw
lkF l CpC  l ok  k C DF DlD  llz
F kh PCo DF vC  lz OwF ECpCqC DG D@F @@@a@@ 
Ml  Dv k p ok  k@@ P@p@@@J @F p@z P@p@v
Gz pvCpv pF vC D v lzDF l ok Mpe@AP@D@C
p lD Dv   qC  lkp oCppF DOwFp prV
F k Mk p lh  Gd zDW  CpC D@D@z  o
.lA
PoD DWDF Dv k C p ok A   C pC pG@J
 kp N Co DvAd ,kvD Ce  PzCk DOzC kh
HDV qC d p qC  C  hC  oD qC Co vC MDN
kp qolC  oClJ F  kCk kD kp F lvo  CF DO Clh
 ClCk DDi DF  kCk jvDJ DNCv F  PhCkpJ
,k VDe  pD k Dh
DF  ,lCkp Co kp lq gpZ k oCkC Co o o@C 
kld ok p oD Oi DOvk DF Dv k C ok @@@C
olF V lD DA pND  pNh ok  k V kDO
F Dp qC  S  PwV PpzpGh  lh @@V  l@dC 
.lF Co w Diz  l lk rp PzCk DOzC kohkq
A   C pC pGJ MkDG qC Cz
 . kF  Clh MkDGF Co kh MDC qC  iF DC @ D@F
CO D v DGpN, Pp  qo Dz ok Co kDq Dqo
pO oF r D  ., kF oCk qo Co Do  D@G@@z  H@Vo
DWC PvC MpeA Dh qC Co D qo D@ , k@F qo
 kp   rZ b CO Hz lZ  qo lZ  kCk @
 PhCkpJ  kh Dh XCd  r pFlN F qo DGzqC @i@F
.lz  pVC yD eN CpF  D
pm Co Dv k C D DpV, oDOhDF kh  ok DO@ Cl@h
:lDp  k
. pDC p  o  C  CDF C o C lp))
   lC  p eC k  lDF vo voC nC @
9 A @  ov (( pC p
l yDh Co Clh Dzo  o lCh  oD: VpN h
lDvo lCh D  DNleF Co kh Dzo  o Clh @A D@d 
DF Co kh kDOvp  PvC D Clh . loCl Pvk oD@@ @Zp@C
G HCn  DkC F CpA DN kDOvp kpwF d k  PCl
C PvC zo DZ). lzDF oCD D@p@@ p@F @Zp@C l@k
Pdo qC lF A   C  pC pGJ MDd ok Clhl@
q oDC ok Dw  lDJ @ qp@C D@N Mp@@e@A
.( kz   pOF qpF qo l  lq
: lDp  r 
 pC  N  pDF pDN uD PVphC C ph O))
110 A @ Cp A ov .(( DF N

DV w  A   C  pC pGJ Pdo
prV Gz pF vC DN OvC HV A fO @ p@@z @p@hA
ok pz C. PvC GDDV  Clh pd  kF  pz lz DOwFp
 DF A qC xJ  kDOC vC Dp PvlF pW O Dv
C  pC pGJ MpW k Dv . PfO r D@ p@@z
Xd oCrpF qC xJ  Po F Xd vCp DWC CpF@A  @@@
ok Co D ok Pp J Co l Co kp F q MD@@@@N
ok  lOzCkqDF Ppd qC Co D DN kCk oOvk h pl D@F @@e@
lkF lA kp pO dC qC  VDd p oCr PwFl D
DV  P  lklF Op Co wC @ @@ P@vk
. PzCk C F Co MpeA
Co w oC P  vC DV ok C w ClC @C D@F
k C oDqC  DG P@@v  ED@O@ qC  l@zD@F @O@zCk
: pz A d  lz d l oCl
PF D N  C Fo  C rC D F vp@C D@@@ D@))
(( ODvo
xJ  PpF l F A   C  pC pGJ .lkp CpVC
MpW kqD Dvp D O  PwF okDGp@@N qo kD@O@@ qC
.kp Pdo

A   C  pC pGJ  Mpv
D oDOhC oF A   C  pC pGJ @ Mp@@v
k p rV l MpeA.lz DF DVC iv ClOFC ok  PvC
pNDvo  o pNkD  hC pNpz DF  PzCl l@d@N
F r Co kh CoD  kp Mk ldN F Co kpDpF  PWd
yoOvkDO Clh DZ kp N yo  H@@@N
:lk
@  D@C p@@@F @@ C @C C@kC @@@G@v n@ @))
A @ vov)((GNC
(108
Clh v F D NpF DF  PvC C  yo F : VpN h
C F Co PD D MpeA,lCZ r  CpJ   M@k
 Dw p Z pC) kp p vC DV ok  PzCk H@
C C CpVC ok  lA D kh d d F (lzDFvC @m ok
.lzDF pFCpFPCl  d DJ ok   ,k ClJ DSOvC pO
D MpR Co qC  OzCl qDOC (N dD qC rV) w@ p@F @w@
 ,lzp pNpF  lW lNw pF pk  DNol D Hw
 l oq DlDok  D F D@O@VC l@@p@@ MD@@G@
.loCl Co OvDOvkpq pF DOvkpFq

A   C Clh vo Cp lq