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HD Pvp
pOk l
oDOJ
vC oD  ldN Dw cp PC :C 
Cd qC DwC rDN
vDzClh DrC
Oe op k @ 2
F DV :k 
p Pd   Pd FCo
slC  F DV vDvC MDN
(((FDV)) TeF F OhCkpJ lC
FDV CC
 FDV C
 F DV  koC
vCo lCpNpF Dlk
w FDV E
ldN D Dd FDV U
pNpF FDV oD
C FDV vopF
Ow p  kle 1
 DdC  NCm p 2
lq p 3
DwC Pw 4

PFDR D 6
(PhDz oCrFC) PC F FDOvk p 7
k   8
D  D p @ C
h p @ E
DV p @ U
Ppd   ,EV ,DC DpF :v 
EV  DC DpF
DC D
EV D
P D
 D
DOC D
ok D
ok CC
ok F k
wwN D
ok  DC DpF GN
DpF C
DWJ Dp
kV DpF
EV  DC DpF PDvo
P F qD 
MoDk DpF
PD FpWN GD DpF
Qld DpF
kV DpF  Qld DpF p
pA ClG oDF ok ClCk DDlk
D ClG
 DpF
 pN
 DpF DoC
 C pD
PD DzC
 DpF PDvo
jvDJ  vpJ
 DpF DF A MDN  PCl DpF
Ap ok  DpF
CpGdD Dlk qC DV 
N DF oClk
Ppd DpF
Ppd pN
pV Ppd
Ppd CC
Ppd pOwF
WO
Ppd DpF ppN
Ppd DoC
Ppd DpF PDvo
k Co D Mp Co :oDZ 
pnN lZ
d   od  MDN
Mp oDF ok ClCk DDlk
(o)h DC Dlk qC d 
jvDJ  vpJ
(o)h DC Ck ok DPF qC rp
ldN k :WJ 
ldN Mp 1
MDD D   2
kVC p DpF 3
pN PCl   DpF 4
HpN DpF 5
DN DpF 6
GN  fN
Clh F kDOC  k 
ldN HNCp
p ldN C
 ldN E
ldN Dw CpJ jvDJ  vpJ
?lpA w Z Co C kD
?l Z kD oDFok FpWN Ck
?kz lk Clh CpZ
OC DF CGdD
vDzClh qp  ld
?lk CN Co Clh DA
?PvDW ok Clh
ol  D ,oDOhC  pGV ,C l :z 
C l
l sC DkpFoD  D
l  w MDN
vC p Dlk qC NCm fG  wd
DC z Dlk qC PCl
jvDJ  vpJ
p w
lClh l DWN PD
oDOhC  pGV
D p ok kCqA C
ioDN wDpND Dlk qC kCqA E
   w Dlk qC kCqA U
TeF vDvC DsC
Dv HND
N  pGV pF l
((pGV)) F Cp rC
((N)) F Cp rC
DC ldN Pd GN  fN
ol  D
ol  D D
Ap ok ol  D D
(wC ) CpC Dlk qC ol  D
V  Oe ol  D
oC plN  ol Hz
PDz  oG C MoDq ,DOvC ,pGN ,vN :O 
vN
vN DwC
vN DoC
vN w
vN p  DDi 
v kD pO
DOvC  pGN
pGN 
V pGN qC D
pGN CC
C   Dlk qC pGN
Cr Dlk qC pGN
p WO
oG C MoDq
C DC MoDq oDRA
oG pN  MoDq w
kh MoDq F v  A   C  pC pGDJ yoDv
A PC  wC  O DC MoDq
cCoC DF DGNoC
PFD Dlk qC oG C MoDq
PDz
PDz D
PDz DoC
PFD Dlk qC PDz
PDz eN p
PDz oDF ok D  o O
PD ok PDz DDV
?kz Dw Z Dz PDz
CoD
PDz OFpN pRC
DDi Dlk qC PDz
PDz w
 DOV ClJ w :NDh
 D kDOC MDp
UoCh 1
Vp 2
rO 3
rO HO Dt
pDzC 4
pDzC HO MD
DC z 5
DC z  HO Dt
 fG  wd  Ap
 DdC D
pDzC MDGz
ni  FD Pvp
:F lN
(X)pODC ,PpF D W ul DJ
.(lG C x C WC Ph D)
DN Co CqC ) l NkDG C CpF rV lpD Co x@C  @V @))
⁽¹⁾.((lz kr  F  lFD
pOk l
kD ok  PvC p CDw ,ldN  vDzCl@h @D@w@ ,@z@F
DJ  kCq p ,oDzF  Hwd pF  lz kD k F D@w@Cp@
MCm  Pzpv rV ldN  kF uDzClh DNp ,l k@V @p@@F
.PvC
MpC qC kp qC oDwF  Ow lDz DvDO ,pDd p ok OGC
DDF ,hC  Gn D@@zqoC  Cl@h D@F  l@z ok kCkCl@h
.lpGhF  D D A Epi  pCp MCpRC qC  lk
 kkp pF C   F ,P  @@D@@@F @@ @C D@@@
 TeF ,C   A CpJ ,G FD  lV o F qDvD@O@
. PvC lvopF
Dp Dlv  DNDw  C D ph  PvClh qC ok 
:lD ,koCk DGk F Co CCp @D@@O@VC oD@G@p@ MCp@RC  l@zD@F@
... pl d  kCqA F qDWN  lN ,Drph ,DV,DoDOvC
D kD yJpv A o COF  Pw CDw ,Dkok DW C DvD@vC
. k pGN  VN Co DA e F
,Cl@@@@l@C qC oD@@w@F ,p@D@d p@@ ok @D@O@i@G@z@h
 WO C F pF CV e  CoCnD,DvD@z@@D@V
DD DOiFlF  DO  C qC DwC CV MDWCo DN  lClvo
DwC  hC DzqoC  Clh F koA DC  MpCl F P@qD@F
 e CpF ,iGdo l C  PvC MDCph D@C qC @O@vCp@@J
. PvCpF CV Cqwk
Co ldN vDzClh koCk yN W C ok r EDO C pOe 
 OC F  OwCk pl F PGw DDwC pNpF   Pp uDvC
. lOw kG qDF Clh PhDz qC pF CV  l oDzC vDvC 
 OvCoAG oq F Co A ,lZ NDdC  Cp ,vopF qC xJ ,pOk C
Doko  lC ,lk oCp vC oD F Cl oD@@O@hC ok
. kp oCp DeGv lClh
loCk kDJ D kDOC pC oCk DDN pOe DlCh qC @@ND@h ok
:uokAF
  qd vol DV F OwFC vC MCoDOC pOk @ 
.loCk DvoC 749 OwJ l ,voD iF
CCp pN DF
vC MCoDOC pOk
@  qd vol DV F OwFC
oDOJ
PvCpl F PGw DDwC pNpF vDvC oD ,Clh F D@C  P@p@@
DDC C)) :lkp v  A   C  pC pGD@J @@D@@Z
DA Pp  lCDw DC Td qC Dz kCpC pNpF,⁽²⁾p C
⁽³⁾.lk N Pp C Co oD  uDvCDa ,((PvC pNpF
F AqC  PvC Op D , ko p ko Pp  PvC lF
CuDvC   kD (DC  PhDz) oDFClh  vDzClh C
oDOhDvok kh F F Pp   ,lk N Co kA lG@@N  @@
F .lzlCh WO r PD Ckp ok A pRC  PvC p@R@ @kA @do
:piCFC lv FC O

kF lCh PV z Cq  Ckp

kF lCh Pp ol F N ol

CrV qo ok  y P wd ok

kF lCh P Mo F N pd

 C  Clh vo DvA  qC CN Co vDzClh Dw PC
DO ,⁽⁴⁾lC  ldOC)) :lkp  DWA ,koA PvkF v  A 
 (Pp) pNpF PhDz Co DwC DC qC  .((PvC DCqC  Ovp@J
.lk N kA lGN   Co A pk  ,kDOC
PvClkpN FD p DwC x ok (vDzClh) C Pp iGNDd pRDN
,⁽⁵⁾xC Dd ldOC)) ,wC  CpC DvA k@@o 
.PvDl C l pF k pNpF ((PvC DwC x MDdOvpJ DO
lz lCi qDF ,Clh F DC  k qC rp pF @ P@w@@ l@kp@N
p Do Dv  MDDC kA CpF v qC Z pC  Pp@@@J
F ,OvD Clh F DC PC qC DN  pk PV qC DC koADoCFCo
 DPp@J D@F Cp@q ,P@vC kr@C A k@V Mop@ @Vokp@F
N Co  lq C yqoC  kA do PC  DC,CoA
, NpJ ok v qC pF ,PvC Op oCp llN ko J qC F,lk
kp  V oDO cv CC F Cpq ,kz@ p@ND@p@@h qo@Fqo
m Dw DGC  DC ,hC ,D  F  ,kkppNrW@
 DC DG F VN l Mop ,uDvC C pF ,lk PvkqC Co k@h
 DV DOip  PvC lF .Pw lzJ w pF kDO@C@C
Co C ok lDF Cpk qC F DCk  qd qC C ,CkDl@V
⁽⁶⁾.lD
Cor kD D ok Od pF lq ok Clh F DC  Pp Mop
 ok pD w kD p w@@@ ,((@vCo)) .P@vC @O@D@
,lzDG Hn  hC  D  CDV ok ...)): l khD@@i@v
 xJ  lz pOvk ,CoDODV  Cpq ,kzClJ 
⁽⁷⁾.((lzDG pOiv Mol DGdD F PGw kh  hpFPvC
 D,F  Dh  ,lN  p D ok)) :lw a 
⁽⁸⁾.((PvClqD k  p ,DW ,oz F DwC .Pw iGODo
,kCk oCl p l@@@@l@C ,((P@Cok @)) D@O@vCo @@@ ok
yCp Co rZ  qpJ C ok DA  ,llz qpJ v)):lw@
k DPD D hC lkp VN DA : PvC C A lCkp@
Co PvC Mop   Co x pF wN , @@D@V @F l@C@N@@@@Z
⁽⁹⁾.((lDiGF
DvAHO F lGDJ  DC F Co D ,do vDvC DlqD DN @
Clh FDC kV Mop ,C F r Ck PpJ F ,lCh Cp
.l MDGRC Co
oAkD ,PD Pvk ((NC)) oCpvC F @ l@@@@Ck ((@@J x@D@))
DC Clh F lDF ,PvC lz Oz  lG ko ok GO pF)):kz@
 kDeC  ,DpO G   k)) :l C ⁽¹⁰⁾.((zDFOzCk
p pO pOorF ,((OC))DZ ⁽¹¹⁾.((lV@@G@n@ 
Dz Co Gn xd PvC A p    pO)) :l@@@
pD qC @@ ,((p@@@F @C)) @@D@@a@@ ⁽¹²⁾.((l@@
Clh v F l  Co C ,l  pF  D p)) :lDV
⁽¹³⁾.((lDvDz pF F pOF Co kh Clh  , lkr
,OvCoClCk  D ,kz krC pF Ck Ck vN pF Zp ,oA
 Ci DC ...) :Ap kp F ,lz lCh pNDh Clh D@@@J ok
qC ,DlF D qC OvCo D@D@ @@)) ,⁽¹⁴⁾(...C@@@@C kD@G@
.((lvpNC
F Dk ok Co C ClCk  D v  A   C  pC pGD@@J
⁽¹⁵⁾.l p Clz pq ok ,MphA ok DGC DDV C
qJDN  yN F kh ,lD C ko ok lDF D@@@w@ o @C qC
Cok C ok lN Cpq ,lzF h p C@N l@d ok  @O@hCkp@J
ColD C EDF ok lN ,vC @ k ClCk qC  b  .Pw@
ko  DVC ,Dw C ((d  ))  F .l@oD@@z@@ r@D@V
.lzDF DG
D GwCNGSC ND DN C p EV  D DC VC))
⁽¹⁶⁾,lODF lDF ...kDC DC GC  O D  f@
PhDz ,vDzClh  loCk p DNC ,vC CpGdD  CllC
lNlDF ,kD  PDC ,MG Dw PhDz ,Clh Gv  NGR MD@@
.((llOvC kh  ok ohCp F lDF oDF C ok wp  lzDG
F,OwCl  EV Co vDzClh EV CpGdD qC F Zp
lk D q Pk  ,⁽¹⁷⁾lCk@ @p@z E@V @@ Co A
lGN  MCkDOC PN C qC   vDzClh  Pp F FDOvk@
C ok pz Dko  PvC HVC  pF  ,P@vCl@h D@@@@Jok
⁽¹⁸⁾.lzDF  d F kDzoC,oDF
Ozn qC Oi DDFq F CCp DFDO vDz ClG Dw Cp@J
PvC lz Oz pos DOD Co  qwk CllC vN qpC @FD@N
Mpd Dok F  lC ,kkp CoC DOvCo  ok r W @C
.lOC G (X) pO DC  @   VB d
vC oD  ldN Dw cp PC :C 
 p ko lAoD w yopJ  PFp@N @@ P@D@vo ,@@@ r@Cp@
ko DDwC  Pw lkpN DC .loCk l pF Co DV pFD@
Cpq ,lDC DF DiO  lO CllC pOF ,D vCo qD@@
:lCOvk lZ ((DC  )) Dw DF FCook DDwC
,Ck  DC lD DkA @ 1
,DC lF ClCk @ 2
,Ck lF D @ 3
.(lO DiO) llC  kp eN D @ 4
,op   rCp ok vC oD uok cp vD@vC l@
DF Ck PN MCqC F  CpZ ,PvC oDZ p yopJ  PFpN
DhDz vC oD qC DldC lCon ,DWCk p  
op pC,DA DFo MDd  hC  DC PN PV ,A F @Fp@
p DZ,l N Co DV DN lCN C p Cpq ,P@vC
e p Z ,llVoC ,DzCk  iN pDh F lZ p r k
,koCk kVCpk D Dzkh vN ,DA Ck qC kDO@vC @v D@@O@dC
l PF r v p .kF lCi kDOC ko  AlC D@D@w@C
oDOC koMkDv  D lCN q iN  @Ck qC oCko@hp@F
qD ko AlC DDwC ,oDZ p xJ ,l DN Co vC DV
.lqDv koApF Co A DqD lCN  lOw vC DV
 ,kh pN  HO uDvC p@F @zq@A @O@w@@v p@ @ l@z oD@zC
lCDV)) .lk yqA kh DWCk F Co Nl Dww@@v
,voC)) :lw ((Dv FC)) Oz ((pC)) D@vo cp@zok ((D@v
 G  A qC xJ   xKv ,hC ,qDAok Co kh D@W@@Ck
rZ D MDC ⁽¹⁹⁾.((PhA MDC AqC lF  MDDo x@K@v
oD xJ .kz kD ((vC oD))C@ @F A qC qp@C @ P@vC
 (( )) ok  PvC CDwF ,Pw o COzo @@vC
F qD ,ClF VN PC koCk pk CFD@v ((@@vC @@w@@))
.koCl lOvC
DWA DN ,PvC lz kCk CkDC  PC MDC  oD @F @vC ok
C ,DDC C)) :lkp v  A   C  p@C p@G@D@@J
oCkohpF pNpF DC qC lzDF pNpF PhDz CoCk w ⁽²⁰⁾,@p@@
.((PvC
Dw vC oD W qC D DA   qC D ,Pp sC
 PD lpA ,lpA F PGw Co kh Pp  w .PvC @Nl@@@
qC PDlCi Pvk Dh  D ldN F ,l D pA k@@@
DA DwCCpq ,ko oDz F MCC pq ok  kG oCkohpF C MDd
:kF DVy F Co pz A C Cl  lFD Pvk C MDd F
C)) ⁽²¹⁾,(...eD Dk CmC vp  CGWOvC CA nC DD)
Dz  D lPFDVC Co pGDJ  Clh Mk !lCkoA DC  Dw@
.((liF MDd Co Dz  lCh rZ v F Co
Cd qC DwC rDN
:VqC koh Z F vDvC  kDF DNDN Cd  DwC D
F Cd lq ok ,koCk  D@w@C oD@F ok @@D@@Z ,@D@@N @ 1
.kohZ
 rV A lq p  lFD NDh p D@F C@@d @l@q @ 2
lq dp qC  OD ClN ,p qC xJ DkA lq  ,PwD@k
.lvo (PD) phC lq dp FhqpF
 l uDwdC Co kh CpJ D@@V  k@h k@V @@ C@@d @ 3
  kF CoCk pDh F DwC  ,koCk vDwdC DV DN c@@C@F
Clh kV C ,PvC ((F DV)) CoCk ,vDwdC DV pF  ,pNpFCokC
Dh F  pN F  l D  eN ,pwN Co kh CpJDV 
pO xJ .lD N Co kh lq ,A NpJ ok  l@FD@@P@vk
 ,kz ((F DV)) CoCk DwC A NpJ ok  PvC  ,kAqDOC
.PvC pe qDOC Z qCCd
,PvCOzCk nG Dh VN A lVoC DDV   F P@G@w@ @vC
w D)) :lkp  PC oDF ok v  A   C  pC pGDJ
rZ ⁽²²⁾,DWC pv  C DC  C C ,kDG@@ C
qC pNpF lkph kA ECh CpFDF ,P wNpF D@@ ,@@ qC p@Np@F
.((PvCCkD  kphF kA oClF
CopF MkDv lCN DN F   PvC op Pd C F V@N
.koCk qD k F D F lvo CpF ,@kA @C p@FD@@F ,l@@ @@D@N
,uDvC C pF ,lOw D CoCk r Clkph  koCk DOvD
:V qC ,lClz  ko lZ ok
⁽²³⁾,lp oD F Co kh   Dw @ 1
⁽²⁴⁾,koCk v D pF DA x C  Dw @ 2
,A G DlCN  Pp qC F k@h @@ qC @ @D@w@ @ 3
.loCk Co Ow oCpvC  Dd oDOC
Pd C D v  A   C  pC pGDJ ioDN DO@
qC Co C lCN ,lDF pJ  DF ,pN oCl ok lZ pkA  @ P@vC
kV Ow DV ok Dd Cpq ,kqDv qDF ((DGCHO@))  ((@d))
CpF v  A   C  pC pGDJ Cn .lolF uopN qC  loCk
,SC  oDN C)) :lkp PCl  ok pv qC DwC MDW
C D eC  Ckp OdDpO  DC ,OF C Np@O@ C ED@O@
⁽²⁵⁾.((CN  DF OwN
lZ ok Co  ko ok ((MpO))  ((Ap@)) k@F Cp@@ @@w@@
:qC lNoDG DA pO  kp h CN vDvCO
odr  C  PF C  koCk kV pF D@@ ok Ap@ @ @C
.(PvC CkDV k p od  kV) loCk 
pF DV upOvk ok ,DV DDJ DN j@oD@N @@@@ Cp@F Ap@ @ E
.kF lCh h pF Clh PWd  PvC DA DqD ivDJ
pwPF C Co qC rV A k  Pvok pwN  Ap D@ qC @C @ U
.PvC Pd C D ((Ap)) oD ok ((MpO)) Op oCp  Pw
 oDN C)) v  A   C  pG@D@@J @D@@O@@ @C @ k
C F ,PvC vC PC Oi pG ko  ⁽²⁶⁾((...S@C
    DCl ok lZ p pF lzDF Pd C pDF oDzA
qDF DGC HO  DC ,k qC rpDC ,koCkpF D Oi @@@p@
Ppz qC qDF Co   DwCpC Dlk C pFDF ,k@F l@C@i@
Pp  Ppz qDvqDF cpDa ,PvC Pd qC olF ,l@@Ck@
Ppz  vC k CkDV PNDh DF cp C kDN pF C r @k
DN kF oClDJD  PGw kPp qDvqDF p Cpq ,PvC le
d)) :kp wC kDDC  Dd ok ,l@ MD@G@RC Co @vC
⁽²⁷⁾.((DC C ClFC Cpd Cpd ,DC  C ClFC d le
CpFAp Z  ,kF lCi Ow DGC HO  d qC rp pF ,oA
CF  DC kV ,PzCk lCh od pF DV ok @@@@
Dw(X) Dq DC PG Cok ok  PvC op r A OvCo pw@
.koCkl pF Co oC P ,kz pGN (( P)) F A qC  PFD@
 pFpF C PWd  PCl TS C qC  kV qC q Db Cn
.kF lCi  kG Dh ,DC  vo ,G qC lNoDG
vDzClh DrC
qC ,lzDFOzCk CCp DrC lCN ldN TdDG F OhCkpJ  VN
:V
oCrvDKv xd @ 1
?koCk kV Clh PhDz F VCo Nop Z ,kz O@@ P@vC @@@
 Co w DN lk Dp oCrvDKv xd  Mp :P lDF j@vD@Jok
oCrvDKv C qC DA vDF OwDF C F OzCk CqoC D FO@
P DvDz lF ,D oCrpz  CpZ .qCkpKF Co Cd  @@@
:uDvC C pF ,Pwpw ,lk
.lChCp Clh pOF Pp  PhDz F Co D C CpF DO :C
F FpO DlOvC  e  oCOvC CpF F Co D ,Clh PhDz :E
FPvC q w p pF C pFDF ,lk Dp MCkD@O@C f@@e@@N  A
.kqCkpKF d MCm pOF PhDz
Oe op k @ 2
DCk Dh  ClG CoCk Ow   D kV  k@ D@@O@dC D@A
PDC F Co D Clh  kG l  PD lF D p@A  k@F @@@d
DA  ?lzDF lC@h Cp@ @D@k@@@o  @@Cp@ qC oCkp@G@D@p@
PhDz  vDzClh Dw F OhCkpK  NDN F  kDO@dC
?lzDF OzCk J ok Co Oiv p Cpwh PvC  ,CDko
PDo k ,Clh PhDz F DN koCk C Co w p , DO@dC k @C
CoDOdC op  Dq Co C qC  kqCkpKF ,lq ok A D@Co@O@vk
.on DA qC oDOhC pDh F  pk oC  .lDF k
F DV :k 
slC  F DV
  ,DwC  MCqDOC qC   @l@z oAkD@ @O@zn@ T@e@F ok
 eN CN  OwDz  PD C DN lz TDF Dw @  P@vCkp@h
ClJ Co (DOVC  kp DPw  pz DN) C PDCypn@J
pF  ,PvC oCkohpF kph   qDOC qC C k F DwC⁽²⁸⁾.l
DV)) CoCk ,lzDF Cd  DwC pO V @ @vD@w@dCD@@V
   F Co Ow DV Oi kDFC  oCpvC ,DdC ,PvC ((@@F
,kCk oCp DvDz ko FpWN  xd G qC ,DDoCrFC DF  kp@h
Dh yp  pN  F F  kqCkpJ A pwN eN  @r@W@N @F
  oDOo   DOp DG Co A  lFDPvk (F D@@V)
F DwC  ,lk oCp@ @l@q ok @@hD@l@D@G@  D@l@D@F
oDOo  oCkp  DC DN  lFD Pvk @w@@  ((s@l@C))
.lkz A NpJ ok Co h
ko Oi pFDN DF DJ D ok ((F D@@V)) ((s@l@C))
    ,p Pd   Pd :V qC ,P@vC k@F@V@N
pN   pN ,p     ,p    ,p@
⁽²⁹⁾.(lD) k C  k p  p w   w,p
p Pd   Pd FCo
NDN DGNoC ((F DV))  ((slC)) D  Pw@@ l@kp@N
Co (p Pp) ((F DV)) CpGdD qC hpF ,koh @Z@F
P Co A hpF  lCk ( Pp) ((slC)) kVDN P@@
l v Ovk .l  Co k A D DGNoC  hpF ,D@
D WO ok ,DyqoC DF slC  koCk oD  pv DOCDF FD@@V
lCh ,llF Eh pC p C OGC .PD CNCFCo k C
lk DF  Cpq ,koCk kV C DGNoC ,DzqoC  DOCD  PwCk
l))  ((yqoC))  C ok ,l d ((lDG)) D ((lDF))F ,PC
 koA Pvk F DPC  VoDh kV @Z @e@ qC Co ((yqoC
e oDGOC DzqoC C pFDF .l PDd A qC lDGD lDF  DF xK@v
.loCk DPCok o F ,lOw
lApF slC  PvDOC qC OppF  FDV D  DA
e DOC C P Dw F ,lOw D DGNoC ,PvD@yqoC qC
e ok Co DlD@G@ D@ D@l@D@F  l@oCl@ @V@N @@@ k @C k@V
.lF DPCkV
pN  Pp  ,F DV NpJ ok @w@ p@ @ P@w@@ l@kp@N
F ,lFD Pvk A DF HvD  w  slC F ,@D@hp@@
pFDF .PvC oCppF Ct HvDN ,F DV  slC D pkMoD@G@
,p w DZ ,kp oDC CN@@ Co k A D@@ D@G@NoC,@C
C DF DwC C C)) :l ,v lCpVC@h
  F A qC  PvC C   ⁽³⁰⁾,pC @C
  Da ,((PvC p  F OwFC  pJ ,C .kz pGN
DF C e  C C D D D)) :lwoDF C ok h
 D NpJ ok rV ,lA llJ   D⁽³¹⁾,p@@C @@C
.((p
D F DwC   D  @@FD@@ ok @ MoD@G@ kD@@ qC
DV)) D DGNoC   lDD Od  koCk OwF C p@@@
    PvC eOw  ((R FCo))  qC ((slC)) ((F
p  l CN Co ((ldN F DV)) EDO okp ,lz
⁽³²⁾.PwCk
eNCpq ,PvC D P FCo  qC , kh    D FCo
,slC DGdD Cn ,koCk UDOdC Dw oDF F @ ok s@l@C
, qC p  PvC A l Dw C .l  Dw D
,CpFDF .lFDeN , ok slC DN PvC q r Dw DC  kDC
MCm ok ,()  Pd  PvC op Pd @l@F @V@N
  qC r     PvC Pp  @ @@@ qC ,k@h
DwoDF  DC DF Dp  Pd  PvC lF lZ p ,P@w@@
Pd  Pd D FCo xJ .koCk J ok Co @ ,l@zD@F Cp@@
 Pd D FCo Da ,PvC ((R @@FCo)) @ qC p@@
⁽³³⁾.lzDF D P FCo  qC ,kA oCkp   kh
PvC  kDOC DF  D ,PvDGCp @vC yp@@ ok @a@A
.kp D FDV  C Pp qC (slC)  F  kDOC
DC )) :kp  v  A   C  pC pGDJ DCp ivqC
Pvk F ⁽³⁵⁾((C DC C)) :kpr  ⁽³⁴⁾((FD@N @@@C
kh F F r Pp  PvC ((Pp))kV pF pO ,(())  lA
.PvC   p Pp qC C
DDvC C @ CN   DC ECp  C PD) :lDp@@ Ap@
D)) :lO  kDF DFp ⁽³⁶⁾,(...F@ @ @@@  C @hl@
DC ,CkoA vC lF  ,lCkoD DC Dz)) :F ((!CkoADC
.((Pw A qC OvDhpF Dz  ) kp gvo Dz E F ,DCq
ok k C D FDN  DFq DF oCpC  G CpOC qC MoDG ,DC xJ
:lkp wC  kD DC Da ,PvC
⁽³⁷⁾,DoDF  HC  l DwDF oCpC  ,DC))
.((kDOCC uDvCpF   H F kDOC ,DFq DF oCpC :qC PvC MoDG DC
CpOC Mp   d G Clh kV F D@w@C D@ p@ @Cp@FD@@F
ClF ,OD Pvk G jvCo kDOC F q A k F , ok ,l
EDwd F   ,kz kpz Dw@ @Zp@ ,l@zD@G@l@@G@D@J
,A D  PvC DO oDkopJ PD ko Cpq ⁽³⁸⁾,l@A@@
 kF q kDOC  DA  Pp qC oCkohpF ,Clh F D@@C CoCk
⁽³⁹⁾.kz Ewe ((D))p .lzDF  C
:kzoAkD ,ld ov pwN  ok pz pv ul h DC
DwCDO oDwF , CokC ok ,PvC  kDOC qC p  kp oDF
ok PGN ,PvC lD yoDF Z  ,l CokC Co rZ  
qCMoDG ,DC .l PGN  F ,lDF yoDF  O A . l@@
koCl Co lD C v  A   C  pGJ kVF  .PvC oDF C
⁽⁴⁰⁾.koCk Co lDC pGJF DC
 FDV a ,   koCk lDN Pd C pF , DF
xJ .PvC q r DC ,kkp pW@ @@ @F l@C@i@F p@C p@@
.PvC D P F ,Pw  ClJ DN PslC
slC  F DV vDvC MDN
C DvpJ  PvC A slC  FDV D vD@vC MD@@N
((FDV)) Ck Co A Oi kDFC  Ow@ oD@F ok D@w@C @vD@vC
.lkjvDJ
? PwZDV  D ClJ C ClG ? koCk l DV pA DA :S@
pACoD PGD  lq DWCpv ? PvDW DllJ D r p@v
.pk vpJ CoCr  ? kF lCh Z
Z)) ((? z lNkDv DN  Z)) :C EDF ok D@vp@J @
ok pk CCp DCv  ((? kp oDOvo DN z lp@F @l@qqC
(oCkDh) Z e Ppl CpJ DlDG  DlDF ,D@yqoCED@F
 kp v D) hC  (oClOvDv) or@F @@e@ P@p@l@
.lk jvDJ kA slC Co(DOVC
DF ((slC))  ,koCk oDpv ((DPw)) D@F ((@@@FD@@V)) ,oA
F   Pd  p Pd :pk MoDG F ,((DlDG)) ((Dl@D@F))
qC k p  ,lC  qC k p ,slC  FDVqp@C p@@G@@N
 PvC oD ok k A D vDvC DNDN  ,lOd Pp @@@
:qC lNoDGDA qC F
UoDh))ok  rZ ,PvC VoDh   Ow ,p Pd @ @ 1
Pd  ,koCk kV DV PC  Pd O ok  ((@m qC
F Cpq ,lzDF kV lCN ((m p)) ok  PvC rZ @@@
DlDF F  ,Dk oCkkh Z  Dkp  @Z  D@yqoC
.koCl m rV DDV  p  PvDlDG
ok MDC ,MDG ,MDD@o @@G@ qC ,@@C D@@@Ck D@@N @ 2
,Z e ok Ppl) kph Ppl  ,loCk DV FDV@@d
 DV Ppl)  Ppl  (oCkDh  r@ ok P@vD@@v@@@
.lzDF slC F Fp hC  (oClOvDv oCkkp
PvC((C)) FDV xJ ,PvC FDV lCq  k ,slC @ 3
((DFpq)) FDV ,llV cC G@  A p@F ((p@)) s@l@C 
.PvC A ((DFo)) slC
((FDV)) TeF F OhCkpJ lC
Pzpv vDvC TdDG F Co kA ((FD@@V)) T@e@F @F @O@hCkp@J
((FDV)) pOF EDiOC  FDOvk :C Cpq ,kz @@@oqD@v
 F DwC kV DF MoD :DDR . PvD@T@e@F @@@C @p@
Cn .koCk OwF (A p  Nl C) C ((slC)) ((FDV))
 kzEwe MDvDW @V qC ((p@@)) ⁽⁴¹⁾@@vC@@@F ok
⁽⁴²⁾.PvC MCpqC  ((DC))
  uDC  MlV)) :lDp wC le A kD DZ
D pN C TDSC .F  D pN C DSC .Fo pN C DC:FoC
DCk DN uDvC ⁽⁴³⁾,k  Vpi D pN C FCpC .@kCoC
Co oCpvC Z ClF @ 2 ,vDF Co Clh @ 1:kz PD PpoD@Z ok
FDok @ 4 ,vDF Co kh pA k  lB 3 ,PvC kD N kV ok
.((kqDv ok ,N lD k qC Co N rZ Z 
FDV CC
(slC)  DF kV pF C DD@w@C @D@@ oD@O@o
pF k D DslC Da ,P@vC @@D@V ok@@O@i@
OhC  klN OGC .PvDDwC D ok Oi D@@@FD@@Vk@V
PhDz  Pp Oi DoCrFC  DDJ D qC rD((FDV))
:qC lNoDG D ((FDV)) pNp .kp MDA kDFC  Ow
,(FpWN FDV)  FDV @ 1
,( FDV) w FDV @ 2
(Dd Gn ,k FDV ,C FDV) ldN FDV @ 3
⁽⁴⁴⁾.
 FDV C
:qC lNoDG  FDV  DDJ
.xF  PvC kD  kD DV F pe ,Ow DV :C
d F  PhDz Co Ow kDFC DN CN FpWN  xd v @F : E
 xdqC PvC MoDG FDV C ok PhDz oCrFC .lA D DV M
F r ((d))  PvC FpWN   pF ((p)) @ @C p@FD@@F . @Fp@W@N
.koCl DV FDV C ok PhDz oCrFCC
DODh V qC ⁽⁴⁵⁾kD p z  kpW kV C F rZ : U
.koCl kV
(()) ,PvC Dh kpFoD CoCk DWC ok  sC @ P@vC p@m @FD@
,Pw w   p ko ((lN  oN)) @@@ @F D@W@@Cok
v F lA Pvk F DA  Pp  PhDz @F @@D@@a@@
Co qC p lDN))  F F ,lzDF   D@@l@O@vC
.PvC ((FpWN  qA
FpWN Co qC  l Co pN  F  kDOC ,(( @@FD@@V))
 D .PvC O MDGRC kA CpF ((p@)) D@O@vCo ok @@
 l ok l A Pe  lz lDN  EoDWN pqC C@@p@
.l  DwCo A ,kkp
ok  oClDJD ,eO PvC rZ ,@@ @@e@ @ P@w@@ l@kp@N
l DFC Co A ,pk OpJ  EoDWN DwF Z  CpZ ,DWO
b CpJ Co  DOk  PvC PpJ  lzo ok  @@Cp@q)
ko Co rV koC  ,C .( kp N OD DDJ CN@@
 koCn DwC oDOhC ok Co oDzFMDC  lk@oCp@ @FD@qoC
:koCk vDvC  k ,kqDv w PG pF Co kA
.( koCl Co q PDV  z) PvC rV @ 1
Co G kDOC lCN uDvC CpF ⁽⁴⁶⁾,PvC oCl@D@JD@  @e@O@ @ 2
.lHV
 F DV  koC
kpFoD kD oCl ok   PvC kle (( @@FD@@V)) p@Ck @ 1
kD@@F kl@e@ @qAoCr@FC kp@FoD@ Cp@q) @r@@D@O@ @koCk
Cn ,PvC lzo F o  A PhDz oCrFC kD@Z(P@vCkD@o@C
.lzDF oClDJD  pnJ eN FDV
uDvC C pF ,vDz   ,PvC vDz rV (( @@@FD@@V)) @ 2
iv ((Ck)) rV FpWN p Dw EDF ok r  DV D@D@J qD@AqC
  F   C F FDOvk  N ,P dCpq .koCl
.(FpWN  xd)   ,kpnJDWC
 CqDC Da C pFDF ,koCl MD@G@R ((@@@ @@@FD@@V)) @ 3
DwC ((slC)) CpF  DN lCN ,Pwl@D@
.lzDF
 F .Pw DV  D pC ,((  FDV)) vDz DV @ 4
 C  PvC FDO  (( FDV)) ok DV p lz @
lF FDV C ok DwC vDvC D@@vp@J  P@vC kD@O@CAp@hA
kD oC  kD  ,FDV C yp p Cpq ⁽⁴⁷⁾,lDECV
kA x CpF  DN lCN ((FDV)) CCn@ .P@vC
.l N Co DwC ok CoAlCN  lzDF
vCo lCpNpF Dlk
joDN)) ,kh o@@ ED@O@ ok kD@ p@@ @w@@@ ,((@vCo))
xKv  l cp Co DCv ,l w@ @i@F ((Ep@@@w@@
 .(( PD ivDJ DDqA ok CN Dw G CCpF)) :lw
Co VN pOF pO Dr  Dw  DGpN)):lw a@
C .(( lk jvDJ DA F lCN ,  lzDFC qC ,loCk D@A @F
 co qC DVDA)) :lw  kqCkpJ DvpJqC  lZ pm F xKv
FDN co DA? lOwZ kD  co lzDF Z pC ? PvC lz OhD@v kD@
? koCk OD l DV DA ? PvC Ow p CoCk kh D PvC kD@
D ? loCk kVDC G C DA ? l pv  OD v F D@A
 lq zDA ? Ow D A F Dp OvpJ HGv F D @A
A F lDF Z? PwZ z C ? koCk kV PwJ Pwq  pz Pw@q
DV  pC D lzDFlDV  koCk yqoC No ok Fh DA ? PD P@vk
rZ DA ? PvC V PwV OwDz ,Fh qDF ,lFDOF p v F lv
ivDJ DDqAok CN Dw G C CpF ?koCk kV  D@ @F
.(( PD
jvDJ D  l C D@@d)) :l@w@@@ @@@Z x@K@v 
⁽⁴⁸⁾.((k oDwF DivDJ  A,k
ok xJ)) :lw ((Ow ew@ Cp@Z)) ED@O@ ok @@@a@@ 
 Cpq ,kz ClJ  ,lzDG Hn  hC  D C@D@V
PGw kh  hpF PvC  xJ  lz pOvkCoDODV
lClh  kz kCk N kp F pC .lzDG pOiv MolDG@dD@ @F
lvo p F l GN Co C lCO xJ pC Od ,lGN Co oD@v
ok)) :lw a  ⁽⁴⁹⁾((kkp kpPDC TD@F @C @
F DwC , Pw iFPDo  D ,F Dh  ,lN ,p D
⁽⁵⁰⁾.(( PvC lqDk  p  DW  oz
lCN PvC pZ D  D CoCk , @F D@@V ,oA
.lA EDwd F ((E FDV))
w FDV E
VN DF  l Co pN  F  kDOC ,(( w@@ @@@FD@@V))
Dd N yo  (()) p qC ,DV  F Ow P@hD@@z@F
Op p ok lF ((Ow  kV)) C FDV Cok .kkp@@
oCp vopF ko iz MDh  kp Dt N  b@
.kp
A vDDV  oCrFC  ((w)) ,FD@@V @C @G@@  D@@@
 ,lOC CoCk w FDV ok FpWN  xd Zp.PvC(())
o vDvC DOC ,koh Z F  FDV ok a@A x@@
Cpq ,PvC D w FDV p OGC .FpWN  x@d@ ,P@vC @@
DV Td qC ,FDV C .kkp Dz Co kDp  kD@ D@w@
,A Dw kF eO p  oClDJ oDGOC F r A Dw@ k@F @@z
:PvC pq Dt CoCk
,PvC oDC FD p  lF  p qC @ 1
,PvC oClDJ  PFDR @ 2
.PvC D   @ 3
FDOvk ok   PvC oCOvC (()) DG pF ((w @@FD@@V))
o w Cpq ,Pw uGe ,p  qA kle ok OwDdF
r Ow  kV MDGRC .l N D C F ((Ow)) ((kV))
⁽⁵¹⁾.PvC lF pC Ow  kV Cpq ,koCl DpF lOvC F qD
,ED P  p@@@D@V @@ uD@vC p@F ((@@w@@ @@@FD@@V))
ok  DVA qC  ,PvCoCk Co ((FDV))  pNpF DoD
DvDz  PhDz F (()) Dzo  CpZ NpJ ok DN ,FDV @C
pGh ,oAlN  iFPpd p C F DC qC ,qCkpJ((kV))
TDF Co ((lGN))  ,lFDJ  lN  DF DC  G kDOC Pw
  ,PvC CND Ow Dd hpF PhDz  ok qC  Cpq.kz
.koCkOvD
,  DlOvC uDvC pF @Z ((@@w@@ @@@FD@@V)) ,oA
MDGR  oClDJ CoCk ,koCl Co A ok pk  @e@N  P@vCoC@O@vC
.lzDF
kpOw CoCk (( FDV)) F PGw Zp ((FDV)) C
((k FDV)) F PGw  ,koCl Co A D@@  P@vCp@@@
Co ((D FDV))  Dt  qDOC ,kF p PkleCoCk
.koCl
ldN D Dd FDV U
D ,kh F F ((Dd F D@@V)) D@ ((@@k @@@FD@@V))
C FDV .koCk DNC ((C d)) pF  PvC (( wFD@@V))
qCpJ ((d))  (()) ,((xd)) DF v DF vDzDVoCrFC Td qC DGD
,C CpGDJ  ok pGDJ ,kA )) ,(( FDV))C ok .l@
,pD vo  PvC  ,DFvo pk NoDGF ,((lpD@ @@
p ok Cl p  ,loCl pOFPDvo  ,k C Cpq .C CpGDJ
ok  Co pNpF ((FDV)) vDvCDoD CpFDF .l  Dh
.PD CN ,koCk Mpz((ldN FDV)) F  ((FDV)) C
D((FDV)) pDvD ok ((vC FDV)) Da lkpN lF
ok ,PvC ((FDV))pNpO (w FDV   FD@V)
p  k ,ewFDV qC pNpF r ldN FDV CC D@
.lzDF
,Dw Td qC  ,lpO lD C ok ,@C D@kC @@ @Zp@
DvA DkC pDv DN  ((DiF)) phA FDS F ((vC)) PlDF
qpC C pFDF .lClz okD Clh v qC  lJ DDiFr @F
lz  DDiF F ,DiF phA kV DF l@C@i@F@w@ p@C
 llV DiF l DvoC  ((ClG)) F PGw,l @@ @@@@J
.PvC lqo ((p)) ,kF kDOvpC r Co l DiF
pNpF FDV oD
 PvC A ,DFDV pDv p@F ((@@@FD@@V)) @ p@Np@F @D@
:lzDF pq PG vDvC DoDCoCk
,kz PDd    v qC @ 
,lzDF q Ck  P ,MDGR CoCk @ k
,lzDF pCp  DV @ v
 l HV Co DwC G oDF  DF DC  Dw D@@@C @ oD@@Z
,lzDF C ok kDOCD
.lzDFrCoz  qDv DoA  iF ulN ,pA Pw ,oAlN @ XJ
DoDDF  PvC vC FDV DN ,ldN DFDV D ok
.lzDF   iFDz iw  koCk PFD D 
C FDV vopF
Ow p  kle 1
Pw wAlC HO pJ ,vDzDV EDF ok ,(( C @@FD@@V))
FDN ok A D  koCk lkpN ,m qC pF  VoDh PC k@V ok@
z ,koCk kV (UoDh) m qC pF ok  @a@A D@F @m CokCD@@
ok DN Pw wDpND wDo HO pJ FDV C a.l@
kD ok Co Ow ,OzCl lkpN m qC pF MCkV  UoDhDV k@V
A ok Ow p  PvC C ⁽⁵²⁾wDo HO pJ F,l h
.PvC kD kleqC pNCp
 kz wN kpW  kD kV F ((C FD@@V)) ok ((k@V))
 rWN kD .kz lCh kpW@ ,koCl@ Co kD@ C@h @ @a@Ap@
UDOdC ,kz CokC   wd EoDWN  xd  F ,PvC pnJeN
.koCl DA  C kh CpJ  kh qC  koCk D  DqF
,,co :V qC ,kpW kV  ,kD p kV  P@vC @@l@F
 kDDF w CN Co DwC MDN  DCp  MDvDwdC , CokC
.PwCk kD MCkV
:PvC  k pF kpW kV
,lqD kpW @ C
.qDF  pNpF kpW @ E
DC,lDh lqD  ...  ,co , :qC PvC MoDG lqD@ kp@W@
lqD DN  ,d oDkopJ kV qC P@vC MoD@G@ @ p@Np@F kp@W@
⁽⁵³⁾.PvDClJ  C D F,Pw
qCDkV pDv ,PvC ((pNpF kpW kV)) A qC PDC ((C FDV)) ok
pF C Ow DV  PvC NCm ,pNpF kpW kV .lC@O@D@ MD@@ C
eC @ C @@C  C) ,P@vC MD@D@ @@ p@F @@ C ,P@vCk@V
⁽⁵⁴⁾.(...C
D@koAP@vk qC ((k@@z))  ((H@@)) D@@V P@D@C @F kD@@O@C
qC pNCp kV p FDV C D ok ,PvC ((C FD@V))@@
⁽⁵⁵⁾.PvC kD kVkle
:qC lNoDG kD  kpW kV vDvC DNDN
,PvCCokC FD fw p  fw xd qC C ,wd oCrFC DF kD kV @ 1
.lzDF CokC FD  vN (kpW) wd p kV 
ok CoUoDh DV   Co kh   kpW kV h pF ,kD kV @ 2
kD )) ,vC DJ lF w .l ok Co kh MCm ,l@@
:l q C ok ((oCrGv

D D kpV D

⁽⁵⁶⁾DOd DC DC kpWN

HdDp Da ,PvC oz  MDd CoCk ,PvC kpW @ r@@Z p@
kDz  ,PvC Ph C CoCk (kD p kpW) ⁽⁵⁷⁾,oz
DpGC)) :lw ((qCpz DOCol)) .Pw t@C CoCk
HweF  wF HWOe D kDC kVC  eCCn C  D
C pF  DpF ⁽⁵⁸⁾,((NCnF NCm G  NCn od@e@@C Cn@
h MCm qC Od PvC DAD kD kV  lkC P@@@d
.PvC pGhF
kD  PvC MDlF qC C)) :lw pz pv ul @@@@h D@C
wW D v wW  .PvC pGh@F k@h qC l@zD@F @Zp@ @w@V
F  No ok PvC EWe ypk p qC A p p@ D@w@CkD@
lCk ,PvC DA kh CpC  qC Cd  DwC  @@F@D@@
Cd ok xJ .PvC D Z DV ok ,kon Z eok PvDW
D qC  PvC kD   PvC [ D  koCk kV ] pkr@Z D@w@C 
⁽⁵⁹⁾.((PvC DF  kp kD [ lF ] kp DF  PvCClV kD
iF CC ok ((MCoDzC)) ,kh o  UoC pJ ED@O@ ok ((D@@@v @FC))
) ((uweC  kVC)) C F kD p@ (( oD@@Z@@))
p z ,WO ok  lzDF uwe  lA@ oD@@z @Fk@V@ r@@Z
jvDJ F A pFCpF ok  kCk oCp FDqoC ko Co (kF lCikV uwe@
,MDvwe ok FDqoC  Pk DF C V qC ,PvC OhCkpJCD@@@@d
lCN kD  PD Pvk (uwe p) uweD kVF CN
Co DwC Oi kCpC D pO V   lF ,lpF lkD@Co A
DV xJ ,kp oDC CN ,vC  C CpOzC  C@@@F :@S@
wd p D PvC wd pC  ,((pO ld)) C kV P@vC @vp@J
lDF ,A kF kV F VN DF  kF lCi wd lkpNl@F ? ( @@@)
UCpiOvC ((wd MCkV)) D qC ((wd p@@))k@V@ :@ P@@
.kz
pC C , p ko ok)) :lCrC Dp@F @C D@D@J ok ((D@@@v @FC))
iN oD  Dd DA)) :lw a@  ⁽⁶⁰⁾.(( koCkP@e@
z PDok ok xd) ? PvC kD pC MDvwe ko okEC qC D@h
MD F  C A ,EC F D  ko Dh F D,uwe@
DA  PwZ ,EC F DWA ok  Oo Dh F DW@C ok x@d@ kqCkp@J@
, qC DwC MD  MDd a  (? uwe pD PvC uwe@
 PvC w ? lC (kD) wd oC qC DC DA ...GV,H@ ,P@D@W@z
r kD kh Dd  ok  lOw MDvwe qC ,Clb@ @ koC@
wv  kV F oDZDF  lClF MDl oDzok l@C@N@@ Co D@@A
DmC lDF ,MCkV D ok ,uwe p@ ,kD@ p@@ MCk@V@
.((lD