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MphA DF DwC FCo
N A F COd d  D  DwC ko ok C DOv @V qC
 Pd DF  DwC CpFp kV Pw lGN  pN FD@  @O@p@
.PvC MphA D ok C pd p qC xJ C d Piz
OvCpF ((⁽¹⁶⁶⁾oGC   TG C C  D Ho NC Dw@C C))
Co Dkp Clh  OvCpF Pw A ok z b  PvC lA PD 
.lCrC pF DpG qC
 Ho  DC  C W R O R @@@e@ C@))
⁽¹⁶⁷⁾(( uDCpSC
ok A qC xJlCp Co Dz xKv l lq Co Dz Clh ,6pGDJ C) F
qC oDwF  Pw Aok z  OD .koA kpCo Dz PD qo
.lCk kp
DF C FCo Z,PvC  MphA DV F lO  Dw  CpF aA
.Pw Pmo  P Pk qC UoDh rp  CFCo ,PvC @D@ A
oDzC O lZ DF F p qC xJ DD@F f@@e@ C@@FCo CoC Cp@F
:
MphA ?PvCZ ,lD  DV DF FCo qC D oN  PwC C O
PvC lq  iz ?kzoN Z A DF FCo ,OvK F q
FCo A DF lCN Z ,l VC pqC xJ D  p D@F q@@ 
, iv Clh  PG ,DOVC ,kh DF FCo qC DWA .lzDF OzCk
DF  lF loCk kV DOVC  P@@G@ ,Cl@h ,koCk k@Vk@h
gqpFD  p ,lD q MphA  .lzDF OzCk PGS@ @@FCoD@@A
Z lD kV DF FCo .koCl Dk ok kV DwC CpF k@V
?kz oN
: jvDJ
PvC w k koCl eN aA
.kp lCi ClJ kV  PzCk lCi eN rp  C @1
. PvC Od A kp ClJ Pd  C @2
DF FCo CpqkoCl ee oN ,C w DF FCo ok DwC  PvC w@
.Pw  lwJ koPzCk lCi   lA ok  Pw aA
   ,lz lChVC A DF Cdp ok DwC  No ok k w DC
ok C oDOo    ,lz lChZ  lz VC P@@@ ok  Co D@O@o
A DF FCo ,lzDF pR ,A DF  A  lD  kFZ  lz VC P
A  C F ,l d   ,lzDF  lw@J ko@@ qC @G@
A D ok  l  C F  OzCk k p  VN koCo
N kp lq Z ,PvC lD Ckp .lzDF OdCo  CoA PD ok
ok qpC GN  PDw PvCpR oDwF Ckp@ k@F @@@Z ok qp@C ok
 yN  ,koCk Cp F Co N Ckp oCkD p ,qo A F Fp D@oD@
.koA DoC F kh DF Co Ckp qCpCpv  CoCk,N qp@C p@@hm  oD@
ok DwCCo  co Pv HGv k DC ok Co  N PzClFPD@o
Od PD .lzlCh VC A DF qo  lD  P@vC @C@V D@C
vC Dlk ok A lA OD PC Dk ok DwC CpF @ P@vC
C lZ p .lz Ch pFo A DF qo Od ,PvC @O@d p@C
Co A ok lD Z  A DF pFo P  PvCCkp @ P@w@@
ZDF FCo ,Dk ok MphA D DF FCo CpFDF .l @@@@Nqp@C
.PvCA ok lD  kF  Owq Z  A DF kp kohpF
C NpwdD CD OF DwC N DV CmC Od C DF CFn nC p@w@h l@))
Dv Co  oCqC @@@e@ @  D@@@ D@@p@ D@ @@
lkp HnNCo Clh (lD  ECR) D  PD  DA :⁽¹⁶⁸⁾((or@D@
lvo Cp Co DA DD (PD)PDv  DADN llz oDDq @ @O@vCp@F
 kCk Pvk qC Co kh qo C MkDv DvA  D pF Mpwd C l@
pF Co h DD oDF xJ Dk ok Clh PDC MkDG ok kp p@@@N
.Co DF  oq C lp ylF  PvC Cp oDFlF oAlp PJ
CO n ph phC oCl  H@@ C D@@l@C @@e@C D@ ))
Dh DOd Pw rZ ppv  aqDF rV D@k :⁽¹⁶⁹⁾((@@@@N
 DqDF qC) PvCpOF lrpF (D@k ok) Co C@@N @ @D@A Cp@F Mp@hA
.lN (ko C ok) DA (k Dppv
D ok OwqP DF Dk ok C CN r  MphA D HnN  lN
C VO lDF  lCCoCk  D Di@zC  .koCk @@FCo Mp@hA
.lzDF FCo
,P MDqC lz oCkohpF  DwC hC Hw CpF yN k O
d PD D DF FCook  ,l ClJ    D D@A
CpF k DGq  MCn qC oDwF qCOzn  hC Cmo pN .k@z
De CpR  WO A CpF  PvC  Dq,DwC D@ H@w@
Co kop (DDdC) Dk ok Dw DOvCh oD  oCl z .kz
fD   DWA  k CpGV Dk ok rp lDz  .koCk Cp@@ @F
pR ,Od oF (Clh Co okMkDz lD) PvC i@z p@ D@F D@w@
DC Z CpF WO  pR De qC.koCl Cp F iz CpF @k
ko Co MphA DF FCo aDZ  . PvC  ,PDDF DwC FCo ok @
DOvChF  p p qC  PvC DADF qpJ ,loCp@ @@
F  .lk fVpN pkP p pF Co k P  lvo Dw@
kz De MphA DF FCo  DWA .liF  D kh GDk
YJ pC MphA pF Dk EDiOC  PvC kF  F @@@N,D@@k D@O@
.kz Ewe DF
C):⁽¹⁷⁰⁾((DO C ph C DlC eC D DlC eDF C@dp@ ))
C Dd llz Dezh Dk lq DkDz  zh F (p@D@ kp@
C F VN DF .PwFDD  (P) DO rV MphA DG ok Dk @l@q
.lzDF lDF Clh DF FCo DOvCo ok PG  kh ,DOVCDF FCo O
PwC kz CVN ko PvC q MphA D DF FCo ok aA v O
kV DoDOo  DC WO pR DF FCo Co MphA DF FCo ,iz @
MphA D .lClF yN  v  P DDVCo Dk  .l d D@k ok
DF qC oCk F Dk pC qC vDC  ,PvDkD qC @vD@@@C
 CDF qC DC lzDF oDOp  Xo ,kok  pD PvC @@@,A
 o PDD ok r  p qC xJ aA .lzDF oCkohp@F @D@w@C
pD PvC  r  ,Xo kok  PvC A DwC DF D@@ l@FD@@
MphA D ok .lzDF OzCk TGh DF DC.lzDF DvA  OdCo Mn 
NC DwC C)).A Mn  DvA  l ClJ oPzq @D@F D@@
De  OvCpF :⁽¹⁷¹⁾((wN DF x@@ @ r@W@O@ D@@@@hCkD@C
lz DqAkp) DN oCk DJ Co PD P Ci ,lvo lChPD
.lvpF qoA ok DC (lF  ) yCkDJ F w p (
kp lqpF lClh OGC :⁽¹⁷²⁾((pCpwC GN  ,okD Vo  C))
 (PvC) qo ok(PVo C ) .PvC okD p qC xJ ( D@w@C) oD@Fk
.lz oDzA DD  oCpvC
 lzDF OzCkDV A ok DC WO  MphA D F VN C@h D@w@C
e C .koCl ((pCpwCGN)) PC ok pRDN lzDF MDOC lF Ch
DF FCo  C F MDOC  kp lChlD Co yoDOo  DoD D@J
DV DF PGS FCo HGv ,PvDk ok DC WO pR DF @FCo ,Mp@hA
Co kA,PvC D A F NDOCF D  CFCo Z oDC  .kzPD
.lk oCp (DF m) V p ok
  MDeDCC  CC nC DD ,pO n DwC N ))
 D phC D DNDDF CFn  Cp nC D@C ,p@G@e@ @o
h ,qo A  kz DJ pF (PD) qo  :⁽¹⁷³⁾((pe ECn@@C
p  , qC ClV (D  Pp ,PD HNCp DC  p Hwdp@F)
A oklOhCkpJ OwDz DoD F  lkoA DC  p A DC.lz@p@
DC  lp rPF ECkDz  ph DF F pOe  DkDz  opw@ qo
Co DA lkp HnN Co MphAoClk  MDd  D MDA  llz pD  p A
ECn kz DJ pF  PD qo .lpD@d gqk ECn@ ok (p@@@ Cp@F)
.PvC Od DloA DC opvDZ PvC p p
DwC  D PGS CFCo e F Ch MphA D DF FCo oDZ O
 MDpd pF DO lClh l OzCnC kh F , kqDv V@O@ Co
DwC  DV Ph  koCk D MoDZ  rZD lZ p@ ,C D@@C
.Pw kF  TG
DA :⁽¹⁷⁴⁾((VpN DC CDSG D@@@@h D@@C @O@G@w@e@C))
rp (pqC xJ)  ClpA aqDF  TG F Co Dz D  lOzClJZ
pC  kz kDOvCpz A C qC .P lCi@ qD@F D@ @v @F
 MphA D CpF  ,kF lpADk @ Cp@F Co kp@ D@@O@ Cl@h
 )):kp  kF kF  TG DA pA,ykh wF P@@qD@F
 Gd DS D C  Dz x N DC w@@C @qC@@C
CpF Co l DqCpN D  :⁽¹⁷⁵⁾((GvDd DF   D@@FD@@@NCkp@h
ol F pC  lz lCi w b F Ov  kD Ch PDqo
PD Cp EDwd qC D  DN  oA EDwd ok lzDF @kp@h @Ck
.kp lCh
 pzD ph qC PvC DwC  V C qC kCp  lCO@@ @p@w@@
q F pC  PvCCpk F C k D l pDd PD ok CpA lCl@h
 kh F lC lZ pDwC pC  ,lA@ ED@w@d @F l@zD@F @ kp@h
.PzCl   D  qCkph koA EDwd F kF lz OzCnC
N C DCF D)) :P ypwJ F ko C ok D lW Ap qC @@F
DF MD oC C MCwC  C pi  O kph  Gd DS@
 DC lClh  OvCpFlqp C :⁽¹⁷⁶⁾((p@@G@h @@@ CC C
ok D v D ok kph oCl FZ pC Co kp lF  Eh DO@@h
DCN Clh  koA (GvDeok) Co  lzDFDJ q ok DD@D@@vA
.PvCDA  k
 DC lAok  F HGv A DF PGS FCo  MphA DV F DwC VN
C  pC C F lz wN PCl CpVC D .PvC Dw@C kCoC oD@O@o
CpeC .PvC D qC Com F A kD co DJ loCkpF ok .PvC C
Cp ok Op oCp  lzDF rZD l@Z p@ kCoC@e@ @@O@w@FC qC
yCkDJ p PD ok ,lzDF kph  qClC F  kCoC DhO@w@FC
Cpz om DS   p Cph om DS  )) .lk lC@h Co A
lzDF kCk DWC   EhoD Com ol F x p@ x@J :⁽¹⁷⁷⁾((p@
lz HNp lF  Pzq oD Com ol Fxp  lk lCh Co A (yCkD@J)
.lk lChCo A (p) lzDF
F DwC kCoCDh OwFC loCkpF ok MphA D DF FCo C h
.PvClh
PGw DwCF ok Dh pRC MphA D DF kDOC FCo WJ O@
Mk PD F koADC FCo D O  C A  .koCk p  k@h @F
lDV  PvC pC N kV Pd lCoDF D F C ok ,l
F Dk D qC Co N  PvC J p F ,z Pw p DF  lD
.N MphA Dk F D PvC J p pk MoDG F .lk DOCpk D
p qC xJ  lpFD Z loCl MphA F kDOC FCo  DA
F  ⁽¹⁷⁸⁾lD DF DA qC pRC lz Pw ,DlF l@v@J 
D F DN Pw DF rZ p qC xJ l lOvC PV @
ok eN ,DwC  p  MphA qC eN  C .lClJ D@@O@C p@@k
.PvC MphADF kDOC FCo  eN Z pRC  .lzDF uDwdCp
Dw  k DF kDOCFCo  lz GN H@@ @C k@h D@V ok 
Clh v F PqDF Ap O .PvC ok  Mp  A C
N kV Pd  koCk DF Owpo F l@@@ cp@@ Co
CF  lD DF p qC xJ F kz Pw ,lvJ,kp@@
.lk DwC F Co x F Pp  e
ok GNpok DwC  .PvC  ok kD qC DwC ok z O@@@
 p qC xJ D kD qC D  ok  Pw A  F okD @w@d
rV Dw F Pp Co .kpF JA MDrV F  vN CN@  k@F
F kp  lz DA A F d p qCCpGDJ  PvC @d ,kD@@
.lkp D A PhDzF CpGDJ vC
F ,PwFpWN  wd CFCo MphA DF DwC FCo PV @@@ @F
 kD lCh FpWN  xdpF N DF  Dw .lzDF  CFCo
kD oDC rV CpR .lzDF OzCk wd CFCoA DF  lF Co A Dw
FCo .PzCk lCi DCpF A QkCd   C C OplkD 
qC DC ,lW ApDF F .kp lCh ClJ  GV Dp Mp@hA D@F D@A
.lOw V EDeC
k Dd- pC :⁽¹⁷⁹⁾((pwC EDeC  D D  C w D))
qC kp N - DAoDFok - D  lz - Co k D@dC  @@C 
.kG V CoD
lC  MphADV DF fe FCo P vopF F  MD DF qC xJ
:qCkpJ oDOhC F) .PvC HNpO A pF 
MphA DF fe FCo
PvC FCoe  kDOC ,DC P F OwFC kp p MphA Z
Clh DF pO  qC PG ,DOVC DF FCo  kh kV HNCp@ D@F @
koC DF fe FCo  o MphA DF fe FCo e@N .koCk
WO  pR DF FCo ,MphA DF FCo kO F V@N D@F Cp@q .P@vC @
FCo ,lzDF k   qC o  FCo pC.PvC oD@O@o  D@@C
.FCoMo C p ok  kF lCh PGS DC WO  pR kF fe
ok .PzCk lCh CpF Co  WO  pR  kF HvD  qC UoDh
: oDzC MphADF FCo   PGS oDRA F DWC
Dk ok MphA DF PGS FCo
C .PvCp qC xJ D DF k   FCo qC MoDG PG@S@ @@FCo
:PvC oCkohpF PGS lF k qC FCo
. MphA DF PGS FCo  lF
. MphA DF PGS FCo  lF
MphA DF PGS FCo  lF
DDV  lkDWC x ok Co  pC C MphA D DF PGS D@G@NoC
F VN DF  kF pk Cpv okC lFC DDV F .Pw Dk DwC @C
kkp DA ,H C F  DF DwC .kzN C h @@Z
,pMDe qC Ce p Pzn  ,Pw MphA v F CorV Dk 
qC CdpF  DWA DN l @kr@ p@ qC x@J @D@ @F Co D@w@C
PDok DF  .lk PvkqCCo Dk ok lD PFD  lvo Dw@or@F
DF ⁽¹⁸⁰⁾.l ClJ DOC p qC xJD F p O@zp@ @v@N co
Ow qC ldN ok Dz ok MphA DDF C DG@NoC @ @C @F @V@N
Co Dk ,koCk MphA  Dk pF Pd C PDd F kDOC lzDF ,MphA
ok PP l N  l d MphA F Co C@F
F q VNlDF  kz D  C F x@J .⁽¹⁸¹⁾P@vC @D@ A
  k DOvCh kleqC  .lzDF OzCk yoDO  DC F D@
kDOvp DV ClF Dk qC aA DF kz VCD A ok Cp@q .k@@ UoD@h
,k UoDh   k DOvCh kle qC C CpF  .⁽¹⁸²⁾P@vC
 DdCPp F  lk oCp  d  k PhD@z @w@Co k@h
.l D k Dd
Co A ko F lDF F l PD Pw Mp@hA @ @C @F @@
F PGw D Pp olp .lz pGhDF D A Z  P qC  PhD@z
D C ok  .kz OzCkpF pOFA P qC kpJ ,lzDF pOF D A
.⁽¹⁸³⁾PvC lz peN  Z D lk ok lV DGq  lZ p Dk
F Co lOkCpC k   DF F VN DF MphA DF DwC FCo  l@@F
F  .lDvoDk ok lq P  MphA  Dk qC @D@ @O@p@@
DV k .PD D A qC xJ gqpF D .qCkpJ A fN F oDOhC
Dk .⁽¹⁸⁴⁾lzDF Dk pF e PV F  lOw Dk qC pO@v
 OiA ok A ok DF  d ,koCk  kle oDwFP@@p@ P@@V @F
A okDaA Dd  .kz  oDZk oDwF DwF Z DF qC dPhDz
o DDdC DlF DFh  l ClJ o rp  lD D@@J
lF DCpD Dq  .lk D Co kh PC DC F  loCl@
gqpF DV DC .l V lF Dp okDFh Dq  kp @@V D@G@q
zo  Cl Dd qC hpF  .PvC DS HDok D@d @@@ o@@
F V  gqk D  PF  PV qC Caok  @e@ @C@F ,k@z@
kz oCnp rZ b PD ok DC .kz k@@ @i@zo
A l ClJwWN   o ... lF  Eh qC D  DN F D@d
PD qC  NDA .PvC H zo C ((⁽¹⁸⁵⁾pCpwC GN ))
 iN  ,eC  ,⁽¹⁸⁷⁾k ,C ⁽¹⁸⁶⁾)) C F
 .koCk qo A ok DJ Dd o F Pk ,kpkD... ⁽¹⁸⁸⁾((oDFC
EDOC  ))P@vC l@z qD@ p@W@ kCp@C @@h ok @@A @C
okD EDOC CnD DO D    D  ,pW@Cp@O@
Fo  CpDd  D ClV  D@@@dC C p@@G@   p@@@
xJ kzkoCn (PD@ ok D@@C @D@) ED@O@  :⁽¹⁸⁹⁾((Cl@dC
Pd  DvpN PvC(DC D) A ok aA qC F@ Co CoD@@D@@
Z () b  ,PvC FDOZ C !DpF C C :l  lCkq
(Dk ok) aA  ?PvC kp oDz Co A  CrV PvC OzCnC or@F 
.l Ov   ldC F N oDkopJ  lF pDdPvC kCk DWC
14 A Z,PvC PD qo ok DC  o ok DF  NDA r@@ 
((.MpdC D x P)) :pN ovqC
 PvC D DC DpF e PD  gqpF DV k  C F  CpFD@@F
FCo pDF ,PD lChwWN PD ok kp D@W@C D@@k ok @a@A
,MphA  Dk  Pw oC  .koCk kVDV k C F  PvC Dh
,Op Z F VN DF .lzDF pl qC D@FP@D@@ ok Cl@l@J k
xJ  .MphA ok pRC  z  k  ,koCk Dk ok  OpdpO@@Z@
D CpF ,PDD F xKv  gqpF D F DwC kV Pd DO@CqC
,DC ,DGC) q uDGdD CpF D lZ p lz lC@h oD@@zA
F ,PvC zo  pD r Dk ok (DA l Cp@@J  @k D@@C
:l VN m DOvCk
...kDOC CVF Z lWw ok fG qD qC lF 6le Mpd pC G
 Dd ok kp fG:kp p ?k fG Z :k@p@ C @F x@J
OFDR  d pC p CpF :kp Mpd.Ow DVpF DJ  PFDR  d @
,Clh vo C :kp p ?PwZ N DC PdxJ ,P@vC @O@@@@d
N Hz oClF  OhDv lC  re Cp  @O@vCp@F
Hd) oCl A FDOC  k CpC Dk qC  liF @p@ D@qo
Co oDkopJ yp D  COoJ (  ok DWA) DN (Pw k ok Dk
kp  lz DJpF (DlpA) EDwd F lvoCpF   lD@@
PF C D  . Ow DA D ok   lClz oe@ED@w@d Cp@F
N DOiNpF  lOw MCn qC lpF  PdCo PF ok   oDCo
A ok  p CoV C D  .l p Co pl@@  l@Ckq
DFq Cl C D  lGuokDp (D  A DF)  lOw ECn oDZk
.PvC lC z ok  e Fz Co gqk NA l@@@
F Co G lClh  PwClF CV C :kp FDeCF 6Cl@h @vo
Ow Dd C pF :kp C F xKv .PvC OhDv zo  o DCo@
ok MkDz  lCiFClh qC 6Clh vo C :kp p CV .yD@F P@FD@R
.lCkp qo Co Dz EDo
6pGDJ CpF V ok  Pzn Dq ,lkp Dk C CpF 6Clh @vo
A Clz qC kp kC  lvo MkDz D F p  qC l@F  l@z UoD@h
.⁽¹⁹⁰⁾kF V
Dk F ypok Co kh DD pRC MphA DF FCo ok Op Z Dd p F
Z DF Ap DZ .PzCnlCh Dk F PGw MphA  phA F P@G@w@
DO ,⁽¹⁹¹⁾D Cpv Co A  OhCkpJDk @@@N @F Mp@hA qC l@k
yp C .PvC OwCk ⁽¹⁹⁴⁾ H  ⁽¹⁹³⁾op DO ,⁽¹⁹²⁾
MphA kV F VN DF Co Dk  PvC DA pPGS Ppd pDF ,Dk F
DF  .loCl MphA DG ok Dk F @O@vC D@@  l@@@@p@@w@@N
 DACpF OGC ,lDvDz ph DDV  kOv Co MphA Wv@Z
pe PkGOw Cp qC  l D Ow f@@e@ p@@w@ ok
C O n ph ph CoCl  H C DlC eC D )).lkp@
PvCpOF MphA Dh  Pw  H rV Dk lq :⁽¹⁹⁵⁾((@@N
.l N xJ DA.llrpF CN  DA CpF
kDOC Dzok Dk F yp  Dk DF A wD  MphA DF Dz N @FCo
pC PvC pOF MphA .PzCk lCh CqoC Dz F Co DA C MphA @F
Dz F r Co DA C MphA DF FCo .lzDF OzCk A DF PGS FCo
p C   .PvC   lFC  MDGR ,oCpDV MphA  lk
A Dzok  ,koCk MphA DF OhDz PGS FCo  PvC kCpC VqC 
:l kp hDV kp   F o ,kp D@k @F P@hD@@z
 C :⁽¹⁹⁶⁾((oCpCoCk  phCC  DO DlC eC n DC D))
DOd MphA  Pw rZD DO rV Dk lq Pd  OvCpF 
.PvC lDV MDGR Dh
A FDqoCF  kp d MphA qC fe PhD@@z D@@z ok Co D@@k
F x ok r Co kpClJo Z  Dk ok kF Z F  , OhCkp@J
MphA oCqP Dk  PwCF  A  l@@@ @@vp@N @@@e@
A ok aA  koCk Co Cor CMphA F PGw@ D@@k ⁽¹⁹⁷⁾.P@vC
Dh P D DF HvD e A Ml ODDDJ qC xJ ,kz P@
,MphA Dk Z F VO  lO iz PV  F .kCklC@h Co
 PdCo lq OzCk MphA ok MDW Co DN  ,l ClJ Co  C
Pdo  Co ,PF A e PvC onF lDC p ok @Ck
 PvC PkG ldN CokC Ow ok onFZ .lzDF @C D@h
Mpd .lzDF DO Clh F kCoC Dh Ow@FC @@@w@N D@@
 FCnqC Co DA Clh lF F kp ChCp  @ C @vc@
C ClGN C)) .lkoCl ,lz D ,PkG qC Dlq qDFpv Cp@F
 OvCpF lOvpK Co Clh rV:⁽¹⁹⁸⁾((C  ECn  DhC C C
. vpNCo Dkok qo ECn Dz pF 
A e,lClzDJ Dk  x orokCoClhp PkGonF  @D@A
lGN D  C)) .kzOhpCpF A ok  NA  PvC V PD ok
EDh PD qo ok) :⁽¹⁹⁹⁾((koCD OC V Hd C k @
OvpJ ko Clhp  Co aA  Dz  OvCpF(kz O CpD @F
.lz koC NA A ok  lhqk qpCNA  qpClkCk oCp
MphA DF PGS FCo lF DF F MphA DF PGS  FCo F VN DF
.qCkpJ
MphA DF PGS FCo  lF
:l ClJ o FCo lZ Dz ok ,MphA DF PGS FCo  lF
kh DF FCo @2Clh DF FCo @1
⁽²⁰⁰⁾PG DF FCo @4 DOVC DF FCo @3
 DOVC,kh ,Clh DF k  fe FCo F Co D MphA DF P@G@S@ @@FCo
DF FCo  PwC MphADF  FCo kF PGS  .lCh Cp PG@
PG  DOVC ,kh DF FCo pk MoDGF .lzDF FCo pk pF e Clh
FCo Clh DF PGS FCo eN OGC .kz DWC ClhDF @@FCo D@@z ok
lZ ok .⁽²⁰¹⁾PvC vo d pF DDV  vo D@F P@vok f@@e@
CoPG  DOVC ,kh ,Clh DF fe FCo DC kld DN @G@@D@@
DwC DCqC k PD  PvC Dd @C MD@A .@kp@ @@vp@N
 DC k DOlClh HDV qC pC DO  PF  .⁽²⁰²⁾PvC
DF FCo DA uCo ok  ,PG ,DOVC,kh DF fe FCo qC k PvC
.Clh
@D@v p@hD@O@w@  @@@VC D@V CmD@ @VC @C @@ ...))
Cp Z PvC  VC  Cok Co  p :⁽²⁰³⁾((lOw@
.kp lCO ph  l Ce lvo
Fo l DD  MDWC MDo  MDeDC C  CC n@C))
OwDz DoD  lkoADC  DA  :⁽²⁰⁴⁾((pGC C @ @m
ok ,lCiF aA  .lOw PF DDFDDV  DoCr ok lkCk DW@C
orF Pdo   D C .PvCD@ D@@Cp@F,D@zoD@kop@J kr@
.PvClClh
GV lOw GV k CoCk ,doCV D lzDF e@C@V C@h D@@C
DC qC lF  lpDWC D  Dq kle ok  ,PvC DA k
lD , kD oDRA rV loCl k lz x p@k ,D@@A D@q
v  CpOhC   D  .PvC CpoD  DFkD pRC  D@O@hD@v
 DF  NDpd .P@vC @doC@V @@ D@F C@N @@l@Cp@RC @ kD@
vN  doCV  C@@l@C MD@p@d D@  l@CkCk D@W@CCp@oD@
Cpq ,kzlk  OD DDJ A Dq lvo DDJ F DF lz DWCpOi@
DA  koCk A G CpzCk  DF F OwFC Ck  DF k GV
.Pw A CpF Ck pkPD DDJ Cpz A p 
DwC xF OwFC  .PvC DA N GV ,DCp@@k @G@@V D@C 
okD A qC  PvCx qC CGNp  ,rC  P@ @@@  ,l@zD@F@
 x pC .koCk p A F k  qClC Z DN  C pk  .kz
qC D DC A DWC ok iz  lzDF k  lDN ko DV o F
GV,lzDF Clh PDo yCrC  lzDF OzCk k oC  DwDC@
Pdo ok hCk Z loCk iz  kF C  Z N
 CC nC DD)) .kp wl MD@V ok  k@z@ Cl@h D@h
:⁽²⁰⁵⁾((GC qC  m Odo  Foh l MDeDC C@
Pdo ok Co DA lClh ,lkCk DWC fD DC  lkoADC  DA D@C
.oDzA MkDv  FDD PvC C ,kqDv hCkkh
k  lDN ko l ok l  PvC DC V qC Clh Co ok kD@V
d  d pd qC Dk FD  DVDF vo  Clh F   DA ,PvC
l PF ok Op w  CpHGv  l D k D@
ok ,p qC xJ  Owz Co DlF  MDv  PvC A C ok  .kz
q ClhDh Pdo D C.lClJ wWN PF Mo FPD@
.lpF m MDA F .PvC G
 DF N,C ECn  WN oDWN  kC  CC nC DC D))
O C  ph m wC CDF C Gv  lDW@N  @@vo
Dw  oDC DOeN  pWN MDVhl  Fm p ,@@N
lCkoA DC  DA C :⁽²⁰⁶⁾((C qCm l MDV  G
,?liFDolk MDW Dkok ECn qC  NoDWN pF Co Dz Pk DA
pC l kDV DODV CC DF Clh Co ok  loA DC vo  Cl@h @F
,(Dk DO   qC) PvCpOFDz CpF (kDV  D@C) @C l@@zD@F D@Ck
qC DDF ok Co Dz  liF Co DODD(oD C @v @F l@Cl@h)
 PvC oDV DOhok pq qC Dp  O@F ,l@@@@hCk P@@@F
orF oDOvoD C lDp D  Dr CkDV DO@@@Fok
x  Mo C F D lzDFUoDh pz   kld qC  pC DC  .PvC
k E ,kD Cpz okrp  eF lz C peN ko 
PvC HVC DDdC  rDV  x@ Mo@ @C @FD@  P@w@@ @@ 
EDrC p qC  PvC O PV F d pw qC Vph
PV F D DC D Do o qC qD lCh lD ,lz DC A F x@@
CpOdC  CN D  ,Cd  kDMCz PwJ DC F lvo  Mpz
Z N GV ... k D F lvoCpF Cpk F @O@zCn@
m MCkV Mo F gqpF ok F PD ok  PvC PzqoDwF 
A x  PvCDC V qC O D koh .lClJ wWN NA D@
nC C)) .PvC NA C wWN Pd  lz @C @p@e@N ko@
v  CoD F D DC D@@ @D@O@@C C@C @@D@
C rV .loh  F Co DOCC  DA OvCpF :⁽²⁰⁷⁾((Cp@v
V qC r  .lvo Cqv NA F kq F loh NA  Pw@@
PD gqpF D ok oD Mo  Pw Pzq N CoCk @D@@C
nC C)) .PvC kCkoCph oChDk v Co d  ,d DO koCk
 DD C  DR F pO EDOC  C rC D @O@@
ECn  r   DC  C @@@@  oD@@C C @@@@F
DO ,kp qD EDO qC Clh aA  Dw Pd@F :⁽²⁰⁸⁾((@@C
NArV DA lzp (PvC Dk DO )  DF F (Co A) l@
PvlF p CqC CC aA ) loh rZ @h D@@@@z ok
 l iv DA DF PDqo lClh  ( PvC Cqv NA l@oA@
.PvC ( MphA ok) Dkok FCn DA CpF l  (DJ ) rN Co DA
D Dq F kle  A k lF Z pC DwC D@C D@d p@ @F
 .lD DFx ok A N lF @  ko@ @@F qC P@vC D@h
CmC  .kp lCh PDokDN  D e F Co A PD@ ok D@i@zC
:⁽²⁰⁹⁾    PGwD x P   Ho   DV
ok z  qo ok  V Co DA  DA ,kF lCh Z xJ
koAPvlF (MD  DC qC)  kp aA xp F  (PD)Pw@ A
Co kh DCe F) .lz lC@i@ @@O@v D@@C @F  .k@z kCk
(.lZ
PD ok l kr ok DC  od ok D o  CA 
ph  P D x lWN )) .PvC Cp@ A o@v qC 30 @A ,koCk
w C one  ClF ClC F DF C kN v  P D  Cpe
kCk DWC OwDz  ph  qC Co aA xp qo :((kDGDF o C
DWCOwDzD  lF DC qC aA  C D koCk Pvk  lFp@D@d
kh (ECn DpD) qC Co Dz lClh  lzDF kD@q  ok @@D@ kCk
.PvCDFp  o DlF F Clh  koCk ondpF
FCo ok  Mlz  ,PvC GNCp CoCk MphA DF  PG@S@ @@FCo
.PvC PG D FOwGk qC DC ld F OwFC MphA DF  PGS@
Ppd Ck  lzDF kD DrC HCz qC Dh x Ppd ol p@
F pOF OwFC qC kCoC DC  lzDF OzCk@C  @D@w@C @G@@V
pNllzD DC Mo ok  kF lCh oCkohpF DO ClhPvCh
,G DrC qC DCqClC p xpF  ,PzCklCh Co PGS GNp@
DV DN kz pN PGS FCo lzDFoCkohpF pOF k  Cd
C ok  kp oCp p pq DDdC F lvo pF PGS FCo @
lqMphA DF PGS FCo Dd p F .l ClJ  D P@Mo@
 oClCC pR  PvClClh D F oCl@@C  @@ l@@@
Co fD   ,EhDJ Div kp DF C wF  ,PvC ⁽²¹⁰⁾fD@
 o iz hC ok pk PGS oDwF oDRA  .⁽²¹¹⁾kpG DF
.l ClJ
MphA DF  FCo
:lzDF lF k CoCk r MphA DF  FCo
 lF  lF
FCo ok  C D  PvC ClOFC D MphA DF  FCo @@ l@@F
.kz ClJ MphA DF  
 p  pd kD p  iz  PwC ClOFC  FCo  lF
z DN  .lzDFD  NCm l C p ok D@k P@vC P@D@@ ok
H kD Dv  k EDGvCkle ok Co kV OvCh  lq
 Dk ko ok Co PhDz  kD HnN oDC pk MoDG F .l@@@
C F Co Dk  e C F .koA kV @F D@w@C@m ok @l@q
klk Dz ok Co h PC  Pd .lvDz @dl@@@
p  kkpDk e wN  C F .l pw@@N  @@V@N
lDF k Dw  uCdqp qC UoDh  kon Dk qp qC  CDw@
Ppd  lC qC D C pF Dd op Op piw F Co A ,kz eN
Dk  DZ ok DZ WO ok  .kz A PvF OhDz  @@@
:l .lk oCp k MDd oDeC ok Co MDd  kpoCp@
lq :⁽²¹²⁾((RGFe D  De  M DlC DNDd C @ C))
D qC p OvJ  Pw oDok pOF k MDd qo lZ C r@V
Ci OiCpF rp D  lp Co DADV pk w  lp
.lz
oDeC .PvCiz CpvDwdC pF O kD oD@C @ k@z@ oD@@w@F
PvC ZJ lOvC  ,PvC kDoDC DGD A WO CpvDwdC ok PhDz
 DFCpN O  O CmC C lC)) loCk DFPD HnN D ok @
C DA) :⁽²¹³⁾((lN D MD MD@ ,@Vp@i@@@C D@D@@
 Dh lkp  A qC xJ  lk l  l Dz F (PD@vo@l@
Dh qC (lz lqqDF) lD pF (pG qC) Dz DOd ,llz CiOvC
.kz kCk Dz F  Dlok Z PvCok Z !?loA pF pv
Co DwC Pd,kD p iz  kz kDOvC Fh @F @ @A qC
oCp h lOvC oeCo ok Z  .lvDz DwV O@@@@d
WO  .ko F qC lvJl@F @C @ l@@@ p@@  P@vC kCk
eN PD xJ .koCl OqDF  MklvJ aA @ ,kp@@@
   PV  kon wd dp qC PhDz DWCok .PzCk lC@i@
ok kVOvCh  k Dw  lq DA ,l ClJ eD@h
rV A WO  .kpoCp   ok ko Dh    uDvC pF DwC
 v  nC DC pwhDF G  )) .P@w@@ Cp@w@h
F (Dvo C) ⁽²¹⁴⁾:((D we CGwe   DlC e@C
?qDv DA DzDoD ok kppNoD@D@q@F CoD@@z l@@C@h@ @
MDd Co ok Co kh z  v  lOw DA kp@@p@NoD@@D@q
 lkpFD  lOzClJ Z DC  lkp DGN  N DDk
.l oD
 ,DC PGe D@@ @@Fo MD@D@F Cp@@ @n@C @C))
khClh MDA F  lOw DGDk DA ⁽²¹⁵⁾:((Dq DC@
DN PV F ,lpoDC Co Clh CrV MD  kD qo  llz p@D@
.kCk Ci zqoC  qb Co DA PD qo  O DGN DDC
pF  lCkpN h oClJ pG pF  Dh    ok D@kD@O@Cp@
 DO Clh D  kDoDC DF  ,lOw yh k h k DODF
 k kCoC OwFC qC )C DkDOvp DJ  @k p@F @@F
Ppd DDJ ok l (lCh Cp C kCoCOwFC F Co kp kp@
.PzCk lCi V rV DDV hk
C((:⁽²¹⁶⁾Cr vo  NDC CniNC  CpDF @V @Cr@V @m))
CrOvC F C F (d oDC ) Dzp HGv F V DCrV  Crv PvC
.Co vo   MDA Op piw F 
ClJ  FCo  ok MphA DF  lF ok DA  FCo hpF
.kz
G Co ...pd,Cr ,EDwd ,PD ,lOw kD F lO kCpC D@@C
D F kDOC DF DA DN k D qC F d pDh F  ,loCk
Cr  Cp ,vpFDwd P  phC Dwp VN F MphA
C   lzD h k D F kvA pDh DF DN ,lqCkpJ...
D ,lFD Pvk OF DOF  OD Do C ECn qC MphA ok 
pN p A VN  pwN DF  kF kD ,C D @ @C qC
Dd D ok kz Dd lGN A ok  PvC PFDROv  l@@@
 lzD phC MkDv F DA  PvC lz op Z PD@p@F
 ⁽²¹⁷⁾lzDF kJ  lC lF k ok Co PkG Ow@ Cp@
OvpJ  oDC x CppF lkp phC DO oDOp  DA
pwN  VN .⁽²¹⁸⁾lClz UoDhC lF pw qC  kD D D@@k
lDN ko  ,koA Cp Co   oD MDl e F phC Dw
pwN .l qDF iz o FCo D EDNoC Co  .lzD@G@@@  p@z
 Cpq.kF lCh MphA D ok kV Pd  P@C qC ok @@@
 DJ C F kCoCDh OwFC  Clh lF  PkG Co CF @vC
lF C qC DwC Uphv D  l  CDw  H qC r@
.kz Clh
Co k DwqC G D  kz cp CDw  DV ok PV  F
 ,kz PkG pwqC Uph HGv  l pwN  VN C F
CpFDF .kp lCh Dw A cp  pwNA kG fe  kF DF qC
pwN C F Co phC Dw ,PD F lO iz@ @No@ ok
kDOC kp qC d Op HGv  lzDF e F yC FCo l
pwN A .lCkp DClh kD qC Co iz  kz z  Dw DC ok
pwN Z rC PvC OdA F  kF  @@@ @@FCo 
k Dw COe pN DF rV  PvC DCDF kohpF  ok @D@
qC ⁽²¹⁹⁾D  pwN  VN p .l@z A H@@Np@C@N@@
 wwoDCDF D Co MphA F kDOC  DA DA .l@@O@zCkMp@hA
.⁽²²⁰⁾lOhCkpJ MphAqC  pwN  VN F llk kh vDv Cl@C
Z Co O  opN DZ hvDv  kD ClC F lvo CpF D@A
DF r DOC peN qC lOwCk rDVk@h @p@z  @Fp@ D@FD@FoC
k ClC De F Co MphA e p F  Dw D@@C .l@@O@zCl@
pF Co DkPGe  lOw DA qoDF Cl ,l VN  pwNh
 Cpwh rV  lOwkCpC D d ok  lkCk fVpN MphA PG@e@
.⁽²²¹⁾loCl G MphA ok Dq
llz  PivECn qC CpD pF C :((llz ECn  pD @ ...))
DG  C Gv  l ph C  DlC eC GeOw n@C))
pF Co Dk lq PGe  DA :⁽²²²⁾((lF@ @ @C D@V@
Gz  z kDWC DF)  loCk qDFClh Co qC (Co kp) lk f@Vp@N Mp@hA
PDok p DA ,lCkp X  pe Co Co A ( Dp@w@@N
.lOw Cp
MphA DF  FCo  lF
.PvC DVA DF   FCo  DDdC MphA DF   @FCo
 pwN A D D  MphAoDC qC zD D   FCo pNzo DF F
G , lF ok MphA DF  FCo .PvCPD Dw qC C p VN
pRC koCnF PD D  pG  gqpF D ,M MCp ok pRC @ A qC
.oDzC A F kpo F .loCk iz k lq pF
Dk lq ok  pRC
p Co ,koCk kDDw qC fe p pwN  w D  kD p iz
qDF h o FCo DwC Dz qC ok l@C  oD@O@o ,oD@O@@ @@
.PvC OzCn
,pz  OvpJClh,PDh  oClODC ,ok  OvCo F p@ C
pOF CV yp ok PmoMD DwF Z  lF ... D@  p@@
Co Dw DC  k lD F lvoCo  PV ClF ,lzDF O@zCk
DwC D o qC WO ok ,l pOpv Co Op@d kp@ oC@@
.lzDF DwC GNp F PGw  kz D F F  lDqDF
A F OwFC , oDRAV qC ... DwC Mr ,P@D@k ,Cl@h qC l@z ok
PwC kD Dw h VN D oDC oDRA V qC r  .PvC E
ok  PvC PV ClF C  lF DGq Co PzqDC DD@@dC @i@z @
.lzDFkh ok kV DwC Pd qC D  Pw hcC lC
 peNw pF w z )) :kp wC  @@@Cp@@C
v  Pq  ,D Dz F Ml  MDC  GNoC MDC
Co kh w :⁽²²³⁾((pC DoDC  ,FDwC D WD ,DC
Dw DC  DAD  P DoDN okl  h p@ @F
Po lCh p DOw  DkFD ok  lD lCh Ckp@p@v p@@e@O@
ok k@V@ @@p@v  D@@@ @F Co C ,C (p@F @D@d) @@D@@z
 HDPF xJ .lk V DGq Co Ozq DC  lDw@@
CpC HD V PvC fD   DC F Dlp P@@G@v l@
.PvC Cp
 Co kh,koCk kD qC feD pwN  iz D kD p D@w@C
pRC pNlF C  ,PvC lzOzCnC kh F  llC Z  OzCn
 kp lq ok Co DwCp ED Dl@D@@J @ P@vC @@@
qC lF  ,p D ok  MCpRC  o.koA DGlF ... DOVC
.PvC ECn Mo F PD D ok r  gqpFD F DOC
 p Dok  pRC phC Dw ,fep pwN D  kD oD@@C
PDd ok Dk F OwGk  PV F DA .koCn lF qC co Uph
Cp kh CpF  Dk F PGwPd  upN .l@O@w@ r@d  up@N
 loCk o J ok  ClA  lz ClV A qClCh C  l@CkoA
F  lCkF A ok  DkDz  MCn  Ozn F P@G@w@l@C  r@d
k upN rd PDd OGC .PvC O DN DA qC DOvk  lvoD@@NC
HDk kCpC PvCkF Cp DA DF lq Cok DN ok  PvC OD@d
qC re MDC F ok lOwk DqDF ppv  koC@ r@V @F
Dppv .lzDF W lA qC upNCoCk  O@o P@vk qC MCn@
eF  .PvC upN  rd  o D on@kq @@k @@ok
wok lA CD qC upN  PvC Ozn aA qC lC lvo DDKFC
.kz oDzA
ok  ⁽²²⁴⁾loClvpN  rd lW Ap DF F  lOw Clh DC DN
PF F MoD@@FCo C D@@O@zp@ p@ l@@vo Cp@  oD@@O@dC D@d
DV Piv oDwF  kMCn  Dk ok Oo p iz ⁽²²⁵⁾lk
F  .⁽²²⁶⁾koDKv DV ,lq Co Cp DOzp  Dd ok ,lk
FCo DWA ok .lvo Cp PD Dq  lz MphAD koC  DA e @C
⁽²²⁸⁾⁽²²⁷⁾.lF MphA D DF Coh 